==== Front J Anaesthesiol Clin PharmacolJ Anaesthesiol Clin PharmacolJOACPJournal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology0970-91852231-2730Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd India JOACP-34-28210.4103/joacp.JOACP_355_17Letters to EditorUltrasonography can unfold many Mysteries! Rai Ekta Department of Anesthesia, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAddress for correspondence: Dr. Ekta Rai, Department of Anesthesia, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: drektarai@yahoo.comApr-Jun 2018 34 2 282 283 Copyright: © 2018 Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology2018This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ==== Body Madam, A 7-year-old, 20 kg boy who was diagnosed with undescended testis and seizure disorders was posted for second stage laproscopic orchidopexy. The child was on T. Sodium valproate and T. clobazam for the focal seizure disorder. His last seizure episode was 6 months ago. He had no other known comorbidity. Preoperatively, the child was active and playful. Vital signs were normal. Local examination revealed absence of testes on both sides of the scrotum. There was no swelling palpable in groin, perineum, or medial side of thigh. There was a subcoronal penile hypospadias with no chordee, dorsal hooded prepuce, and grooved glans. He had undergone laparoscopic first stage orchidopexy bilaterally previously. Anesthesia record was not available, and the parents were unable to give history of regional block and any complication related to anesthesia during pervious anesthestics, except that the child came back to the ward postoperatively and was doing well in the ward. Investigations were within normal limits. Ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen revealed both the testis in the inguinal region. On the day of the surgery, antiepileptic medications were continued with sips of water and the child was kept comfortable. He accepted inhalational induction, hence, no premedication was offered. Child was induced with N2O:O2; sevoflurane and IV was established. LMA# 2.5 was secured. Child was positioned in left lateral position and caudal block was planned by landmark technique under strict aseptic conditions. Landmark technique is a routine practice in our hospital. Once the give was felt with 23-G hypodermic needle, aspiration was performed to rule out blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). On aspiration, clear fluid (1 ml of watery fluid with good flow) was aspirated. The fluid was not oily as CSF. Procedure was abandoned and USG [Figure 1] scan was performed by anesthetist which showed epidural cyst. Surgeons were informed and the surgery continued. Analgesia was managed with fentanyl 3 mcg/kg, morphine 0.1 mg/kg, and paracetamol 20 mg/kg intra -operatively. MRI [Figures 2 and 3] was done postoperatively under anesthesia on the same day. Figure 1 Focussed USG of caudal space highlighting the cyst marked with red arrow Figure 2 Stir-transverse showing the cyst with same density as urine in bladder Figure 3 MRI highlighting the spinal cyst with same contrast as urine in bladder MRI showed S2–S4 shows an intraspinal cyst measuring 30 × 9 mm fillingthespinalcanal. Conusendsat L1 level. The child was followed up by the neurologist thereafter. Since most of these cysts are asymptomatic and incidentally found. Usually, they do not require treatment, but when accompanied with neurological symptoms, treatments such as decompressive laminectomy, lumboperitoneal shunting, or percutaneous drainage of cysts are necessary. We suggest that USG scanning should be performed prior to blocks routinely, if available.[1] Ultrasound helps in identifying the incidental abnormalities,[2] anatomical variations[3] such as the dura sac termination,[4] occult spinal dysraphism, etc. The centrineuraxial blocks are performed under anesthesia in children, hence, is a high-risk procedure. It is desirable to scan the spinal spaces for high risk patients[5] and high-risk procedures for spinal abnormalities prior to blocks. Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest. ==== Refs 1 Mirjalili SA Taghavi K Frawley G Craw S Should we abandon landmark-based technique for caudal anesthesia in neonates and infants? Paediatr Anaesth 2015 25 511 6 25597342 2 Kang MS Lim YJ Lee SC Sacral meningeal cyst detected during caudal epidural block J Korean Pain Soc 1999 12 258 62 3 Aggarwal A Kaur H Batra YK Aggarwal AK Rajeev S Sahni D Anatomic consideration of caudal epidural space: A cadaver study Clin Anat 2009 22 730 7 19637298 4 Joo J Kim J Lee J The prevalence of anatomical variations that can cause inadvertent dural puncture when performing caudal block in Koreans: A study using magnetic resonance imaging Anaesthesia 2010 65 23 6 19922508 5 Koo BN Hong JY Song HT Kim JM Kil HK Ultrasonography reveals a high prevalence of lower spinal dysraphism in children with urogenital anomalies Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012 56 624 8 22338610