REPORTS OF SOCIETIES.
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Held at New York, May Zd, 1853.
Tlie American Medical Association held their sixth annual meet-
ing in the Presbyterian Church, Bleecker street, the President, Dr.
Beverly R. Wellford, of Va. in the Chair. The morning was occupied
by the Committee of Arrangements, in receiving delegates from the
several States. At 11J A. M., the meeting organized, and the Presi-
dent welcomed the Delegates to the City. There were nearly five-hun-
dred gentlemen present.
Dr. F. Campbell Stewart, Chairman of the Committee of Arrange-
ment and Reception, before reading the list of Delegates, congratulated
the Association on the recurrence of its anniversary. Seven years had
elapsed since the preliminary meeting of the Convention, which recom-
mended the organization of this National Congress; and, as New York-
ers, the committee indulged in feelings of proud satisfaction at the tri-
umphant success which had attended so important a movement, origi-
nating in their State. The labors of the learned body had been most
arduous, but the result had not disappointed the expectations of the
friends of reform and of progress in their profession. Mighty objects
were aimed at; important achievements had already been accomplished;
and a guarantee was afforded of the eventual fulfilment of the desires of
those whose aspirations for the advancement and perfection of medicine,
led them to propose the formation of this association, which, represent-
ing the whole fraternity throughout our wide-spread country, assembled
annually, for scientific discussion, and to consult upon matters pertain-
ing to the general welfare of the entire faculty. The five published
volumes of their Transactions afforded abundant and conclusive evidence
of the zeal by which they were actuated, and the ability which charac-
terized the scientific labors of members. The meeting for this year had
been generally anticipated with peculiar interest. An unusually large
attendance had been expected. Numerous papers would be presented,
and valuable reports were to be rendered; much of their time would be
required for the consideration of subjects of grave importance. He as-
sured them that their advent had been looked for anxiously, and their
colleagues had been desirous to manifest their appreciation of the course
in which they were engaged, and their estimation of the favor conferred
by the Association in selecting this metropolis as the place for holding
the present session. In the name of the united Profession of New York
the Committee tendered them a sincere, hearty, and cordial welcome to
their City.
Dr. S. then called over the list of Delegates, and announced that a
majority were present.
The Vice-Presidents and Ex-Presidents of the Association were re-
quested to take their seats on the platform with the President.
On motion, a recess qT fifteen minutes was taken to allow the delegates
to select one of their number from each State, as a committee to nomi-
nate officers for the ensuing year.
The following Nominating Committee was announced :
Michigan,	... Dr. Henry Taylor
New Hampshire, -	-	“ Josiah Crosby
Maine -	-	-	-	“ Isaac Lincoln
Connecticut,	-	-	-	“ Archibald Welsh
New Jersey, ...	“	Lewis Condict
Maryland,	-	-	-	“Joel Hopkins
Indiana, ....	«	Joseph Somes
Rhode Island, ...	“	Hiram Allen
Kentucky,	-	-	-	“	J. B. Flint
Tennessee,	-	-	-	“J. B. Lindsley
Virginia,	_	_	_	u	Thos. P. Atkinson
New York,	-	-	-	“	J. M. Smith
Missouri,	...	« Charles A. Pope
i	Iowa,	-	-	-	-	“	J. C. Hughes
Ohio,	-	-	-	-	“	R. L. Howard
Georgia,	.	-	-	-	“	Henry F. Campbell
South Carolina,	-	-	“	Henry R. Frost
Alabama,	-	-	-	“ G. A. English
North Carolina,	-	-	“J	G. Tull
Illinois, •	-	-	-	“ N. A. Davis
Massachusetts.	-	-	“	A.	L. Pearson
Pennsylvania,	-	-	“	F.	West
Vermont, ...	p g. parr
Delaware, -	-	- “II. F. Asken
District of Columbia, -	“ Thos. Miller
Dr. Atlee, of Pennsylvania, moved that immediately after the report
of the Nominating Committee, the President be called upon to read his
address, but, at the request of Dr. Condie, withdrew his motion until
the report of the Treasurer should be read.
Dr Pope, of Missouri, extended an invitation to the Association to
hold their next annual meeting, for 185-1, at St. Louis.
Dr. Condie, of Pennsylvania, said he was instructed to invite the
Association to hold their next annual meeting in Philadelphia.
Dr. Hays, of Pennsylvania, although desiring that the Association
should meet in Philadelphia, was forced to give his voice for next year
in favor of St, Louis. He hoped that, at their next meeting, the claims
of Philadelphia would be remembered.
The motion to meet at St. Louis was put and carried.
Dr. Condie, of Pennsylvania, Chairman of Committee on Publica-
tions, submitted a report from the Committee, with resolutions appended,
making the assessment for the present year $5 ; authorizing the Commit-
tee to decide upon the terms at which the volume of Transactions for
this year shall be furnished; and further authorizing them to take such
measures in relation to disposal of the copies as they may deem expe-
dient. Dr. Condie stated that a valuable paper would be submitted at
this meeting, the mere illustrations of which would cost $1,000 for
printing.
The resolutions were adopted.
The Treasurer’s Report showed the total receipts for the past year to
be $1,905; paid out, $2,015; balance due to Treasurer $120.
On motion of Dr. Condie, the Committee was authorized to furnish
the Chairmen of Committees on Epidemics with extra copies of their re-
ports, respectively, at the expense of the Association.
The Secretary read communications inviting the Association to visit
University Medical College, the Anatomical Museum, and Bloomingdale
Lunatic Asylum.
Dr. F. C. Stewart presented a report, recommending the admission
of Dr. Marshall Hall of London, Surgeon Mower, U. S. A., Surgeons
Bache. Pinckney, Brownell and Simpson, U. S. N., Drs. Leonard and
Betton, Florida, Hon. Dr. Bartlett, N. Y. Senate, Dr. Harris, Canada,
Dr. Rodder, Canada West, Drs. Mcllvaine and Pittman, American
Medical Society, Paris, to participate in the proceedings by invitation.
On motion of Dr. Cox, a Committee was appointed to wait on Dr.
Marshall Hall, and conduct him to a seat on the platform.
dr. Wellford’s address.
The President’s address was an eloquent exposition of the objects of
the Association—a rehearsal of the good it had done, and an indication
of certain modes by which it may do still more. The Society has been
in existence some seven years. It grew out of a severely felt want of
an organization of the scattered medical forces. A Convention assem-
bled in this city, at the suggestion of the New York Medical Society, to
take into consideration the condition of the profession, and to adopt
some concerted action. Although the call was imperfectly circulated,
about one hundred delegates from nineteen States of the Union re-
sponded to it by their personal presence. And they resolved to institute
a National Association for the protection of their interests, the mainte-
nance of their honor and respectability, the advancement of their know-
ledge and the extension of their usefulness. In the untried circum-
stances of their early history imperfections in the plan of organization
were inevitable. The President advised careful and gentle revision, but
deprecated all desultory innovations or sudden and radical changes.
There are those who affect to believe that the Association has hitherto
effected nothing. In answer, the Doctor referred to the fact that it has
aroused attention to the imperfections of medical cultivation—that it
has demonstrated the necessity of raising the standard of medical ac-
quirements, and done much through its potent leverage to raise the pro-
fession to its proper level. It has secured in many Colleges a length-
ened course of lectures, and encouraged the well-disposed to require of the
candidates for graduation higher attainments in general and professional
knowledge. It has stimulated professional ambition, and drawn out
from quarters whence no other means would have elicited it, highly
important contributions to medical science. It was the action of the
Association, in its early days, which directed the attention of the Legisla-
tures of several States to the high importance of collecting aad measuring
their vital statistics. Following its suggestion, laws have been passed
in New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Michigan and
Illinois, we believe, and in several of the Southern States—not always
of the most practicable sort or the best that could be devised, yet in
every case highly honorable to the intentions of their framers, and likely
to lead to more perfect systems—laws which provide for the registration
of all the births, deaths and marriages within their several borders. In
obedience to this recommendation of the Association, and in conse-
quence of it, the Convention which recently sat in Virginia, for the
purpose of amending the State Constitution, made the passage of a re-
gistration act obligatory on her Legislature. In compliance with that
requisition a law was passed at its late session, the first under her new
Constitution.
Another tangible and note-worthy result of the efforts of the Associa-
tion, is the action of the Fedaral Government with reference to the adul-
teration of drugs. At the meetings in Baltimore in 1838, its attention
was directed to the immense amount of adulterated and sophisticated
drugs prepared in foreign countries, and imported into our own. Con-
gress promptly responded to the recommendation of the Association, and
in an act, approved June 26th, 1848, Inspectors were appointed, and
the passage of any drug or medicine so adulterated or deteriorated as to
be inferior in strength and purity to the standard established by the
United States, London, Edinburg, French and German Pharmacopoeias
and Dispensatories, positively prohibited. The Examiner of Drugs in
the New York Custom House, within five months after this law went
into operation, had condemned and rejected no less than 13,000 lbs .of
rhubarb, 2,500 lbs. of opium, 7,200 lbs. of jalap, 1,414 lbs. of gum
gamboge, 1,400 lbs. of senna, 30,000 lbs. of spurious yellow bark,
3,000 lbs. of iodine, and 1,700 lbs. of myrrh, all of which, but for this
law, would have found its way throughout our extensive country, and
to the bedsides of the sick and the suffering, to mock them with their
inertness, or poison them with their unsuspected strength. A Senator
in Congress well remarked that, if the National Medical Association had
advised no other reform than this, its labors would entitle its members
to the gratitude of the country. Dr. Edwards, who was employed by
the Secratary of the Treasury to visit the principal ports and ascertain
the working of the law, found them to be :	1. An elevation in the
quality and purity of the medicinal agents imported. 2. An entire
prevention of adulterated and deteriorated drugs, &c., from entry and
use. 3. No embarrassment to the honest importer and dealer. 4. An
increased revenue. 5. Protection to the medical profession and com-
munity, and increased confidence in and a desire for the continuance and
faithful application of the law. Spurious and adulterated articles now
are almost entirely excluded from our markets, with the exception of
those of home manufacture. Nor have these increased. Attention
having been thoroughly aroused to the whole subject, adulterations
cannot be practised with impunity as formerly.
Much has been done, and yet it is only a beginning. The learned
President next addressed himself to the task of indicating the points
demanding immediate action.
The city affords advantages which the country practitioner cannot en-
joy. In the city, professional men meet daily; every day they talk
over affairs pertaining to their profession. Their emulation is
kept alive; the ambition of the zealous is never permitted to flag. In
the country it is otherwise; a professional consultation is only an occa-
sional event, and anything like daily contact with friendly brethren is
out of the question. Yet physicians are but men, and when all the talk
of a village is of cattle and rich acres, and of politics, the physician talks
of such things, too—grows rusty on medical matters, and becomes au
fait on politics and farming. In some small degree to remedy this, let
local medical societies be planted ; and to facilitate their growth, the
President advised the appointment of a committee to prepare a form of
organization of both local and State societies, and that its adoption be
earnestly recommended.
He called attention to the very unsatisfactory state of things which
allows a diploma to be considered equivalent to a license to practice,
and, indeed, tolerates anybody as a practitioner who chooses to dub him-
self a doctor—favored the invocation of State legislation on the subject,
and the establishment of Licensing Boards to be entirely distinct from
all bodies that grant diplomas.
He invited a recommendation to the authorities, charged with the duty
of such action, that will shield the public from the home production of
adulterated medicines. All that could be done to prevent the importa-
tion of these nuisances, the Federal Government has done; but there
remain necessary such enactments by the several States as will make
disreputable and unprofitable the business of preparing for the market
inert medicines or drugs of a strength inferior to the officinal standard.
Dr. John A. Lamb, of Pennsylvania, is the only one who has been
appointed under power of the resolution adopted in 1852, to travel in
Europe, and report on foreign medical affairs. With a touching tribute
to the memory of Drs. Drake and Horner, members who have died
during the twelvemonth, and a word of advice fitly spoken, the Presi-
dent concluded his Address.
Dr. Hays, of Pennsylvania, moved the thanks of the meeting be pre-
sented to the President for his elegant, appropriate and eloquent address,
and requested a copy for publication in the Transactions of the Asso-
ciation. Carried.
The Secretary read a resolution passed by the Medical Society of
Virginia, recommending the appointment of a well-qualified chemist to
analyze the most prominent nostrums of the day, and publish the results
monthly in the leading newspapers of each State. Also, a communica-
tion from the President of the American Medical Society at Paris,
appointing Drs. Pittman, Walton and Mcllvaine to attend this meeting.
On motion of Dr. Atlee, the Committee on Publication were direct-
ed to send a full set of the Transactions of the Association to the Me-
dical Society in Paris.
A communication was received from Dr. Ramsay, of Georgia, in-
closing documents on personal matter, which were laid on the table.
The Committee on Nominations reported the following officers for the
ensuing year.
For President—Dr. Jonathan Knight, of Connecticut.
Vice Presidents—Drs. Usher Parsons, of R. I., Lewis Condict, of
N. J., Henry R. Frost, of S. C., R. L. Howard, of Ohio.
Secretaries—Drs. Edward L. Beadle, of N. Y., and Edwin L. Le-
moine, of Missouri.
Treasurer—Dr. D. Francis Condie, of Pennsylvania.
• The Committee reported St. Louis, Mo., as the place to hold the next
annual meeting.
The report was adopted.
Drs. Gooch, Watson and Atlee were appointed a Committee to con-
duct the President elect and other officers to their seats.
Dr. Knight, on taking the Chair, returned thanks for the honor con-
ferred on him.
Dr. Atlee, of Pennsylvania, moved a vote of thanks to the late Pre-
sident, Dr. Wellford, for his dignified, courteous and efficient manner in
the Chair. Carried unanimously, the members rising.
A vote of thanks was also passed to the retiring Secretary, Dr. Gooch.
On motion of Dr. Hopkins, of Maryland, it was resolved that no
member speak more than ten minutes on any subject at one time.
Dr. Stewart, on part of Committee of Arrangements, suggested that
the Association meet each day from 9 to 12 A. M., and from 1 to 4 P. M.
On motion of Dr. Gooch, the meeting adjourned to 9 A. M. on
Wednesday.
Second Day, May 4th.
The Association met at 9 A. M. There was a large attendance of
delegates. President in the Chair.
Dr. E. L. Beadle, Secretary, read the minutes, which were adopted.
Dr. Cox, of Maryland, moved for a re-consideration of the vote
adopting the minutes, to allow of a correction in the Special Report of
Committee of Arrangements, inviting Drs. Pinckney and Bache,
U. S. N., to take part in the proceedings. These gentlemen had a
right to sit as delegates from the Army and Navy.
Dr. Stewart explained, and read from the 2d article of the Consti-
tution relating to delegates.
Dr. Watson, of New York, stated they had always been received as
delegates.
The motion to reconsider was put, and lost.
Dr. Cox hoped the Association would not take any action that would
give offence to the Army and Navy Medical Institutions. He moved
that Drs. Pinckney and Bache be received as regular delegates.
Dr. Pinckney, U. S. N., asked to be heard, and claimed his right
to a place as delegate, having been formerly received as such, and
signed the constitution.
Dr. F. C. Stewart offered to following as an amendment to Dr.
Cox’s motion :
Resolved, As the sense of this Association, that under its present
Constitution delegates can be received from the U. S. Army and Navy
Medical Bureaus, when appointed by the Chief of the Army and Navy
Medical Bureaux.
The amendment was adopted.
Dr. Stewart, from the Committee of Arrangement, reported that
several members had registered their names since the report of yesterday.
Dr. Cox, of Maryland, proposed Dr. Eorland, of Arkansas, as a
member by invitation.
Dr. Spencer proposed Dr. Hurd, of New York, but, on explanation
from the Chair, withdrew the proposition.
Dr. C. D. Meigs, of Philadelphia, presented a report on “ Acute and
Chronic Diseases of the Neck of the Uterus,” with a request that it
should be referred to Committee on publication without reading.
The report was adopted and referred.
Dr. Coventry, of New York, moved for a suspension of the order
of business, to take up the subject of proposed amendments to the
Constitution.
Dr. Cash, of New York, moved that the resolution be laid on the
table, and the regular order of business be proceeded with. Carried.
The Secretary proceeded to call up reports from special committees.
Out of a list of twenty-seven committees only four reported. The rest
either did not answer, or were not ready.
Dr. Condie, of Pennsylvania, Chairman of Committee on Causes of
Tubercular Diseases, stated that in consequence of his duties as Trea-
surer and Chairman of Committee on Publication, he had not been able
to complete his report. On motion of Dr. Atlee, the Committee was
continued.
On the part of Dr. Porcher, of South Carolina, Dr. Condie stated
that he had sent to him the report of Committee on “ Toxicological and
Medicinal Properties of our Cryptogamic Plants,” but with the request
that it would be left, for further additions, to the Committee. The
Committee was continued.
Dr. G. Emerson, of Pennsylvania, Chairman of Committee on
“ Agency of the Refrigeration produced through upward radiation of
heat, as an exciting cause of Disease,” presented his report, which was
referred to Committee on Publication, and read an abstract. The sani-
tary lesson designed to be inculcated in this paper, is the importance of
guarding against exposure to the refrigerating effects of nocturnal radia-
tion, especially in sickly places and during epidemic periods. The
means of effecting this are shown to be extremely simple and always at
hand, as anything will answer the purpose which may be interposed to
cut off the view of the open sky, and thus prevent “ upward radiation.”
Dr. II. F. Campbell, of Georgia, presented a report on Typhoid
Fever, which was referred to Committee on Publication. Dr. Campbell
said that he had little experience in the actual treatment of typhoid
fever, as it rarely prevails in the district where I am lecated. I have
therefore given a condensed history of the existing pathology regarding
it, set forth by other writers, accompanied with my own opinion that
the disease lies and has its origin in the ganglionic system of nerves.
If you divide some of the superior branches of these nerves, there is an
immediate ecchymosis of the eye different from the ganglionic congestion
observable during typhus fever. 1 have called attention to the exist-
ence and causes of the maculated spots which appear upon the surface
in the one variety of fever and extend through the alimentary canal in
the other; and reason that the latter morbid appearances are the result
of the diseased ganglionic plexus extending from the superior cervical
vertebrae through the vertebral column to the ganglions of the sacrum.
In referring typhoid fever to this cause, I have recorded the appear-
ances presented in the pharyngeal plexus, the larynx, oesophagus,
stomach and duodenum, (which is separated in a great degree from the
influence of the cerebro-spinal system,) and I have then pointed out the
existence of the ulcerations of the lower portion of the ilium, and to a
great extent, as a reason for my belief. I have traced the different ap-
pearances observed in typhus fever. I have examined the theory of
Woods upon the deficiency of fibrin in the blood, and endeavored to
show that typhus and typhoid fevers are quite distinct diseases.
Dr. Atlee, of Pennsylvania, Chairman of Committee on Epidemics
in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, said that the
Committee were unable to report, in consequence of not receiving any
communications from gentlemen in those States. The Committee had
only received two communications—one from Philadelphia and one from
Franklin county, Pennsylvania. He called upon gentlemen practising
in these States to furnish the Committee with the results of their expe-
rience.
Prof. Chalmer, Chicago, moved the following:
Resolveci, That this Association earnestly recommend to the local So-
cieties in different portions of our country, to appoint Committees, whose
duties it shall be to record the prevalence of epidemic or other diseases,
and the general state of health in their respective localities, and to trans-
mit said reports to the Committees of the Society on epidemics, through
the State Societies where they exist.
Resolved, That the Secretaries be requested to secure a wide publicity
to the above resolutions, by such means as they may deem proper.
The resolutions were adopted.
Dr. Wellford announced that Dr. Haxall, of Virginia, Chairman of
Committee on Epidemics in Virginia and North Carolina, and Dr. Boll-
ing, of Alabama, on Epidemics in South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and
Alabama, had resigned their appointments as Chairmen of such Commit-
tees.
Dr. Sutton, of Kentucky, presented a report on Epidemics in Ten-
nessee and Kentucky, which was referred to Committee on Publication.
Dr. Pitcher, of Michigan, presented a report on the subject of
Medical Education, which he was requested to read at length. The
report was a long and able document, containing many valuable sug-
gestions to prevent the spread of Quackery, and on the best means of
training the medical student. The Committee proposed that all candi-
dates for degrees shall have studied at least three years, and recommend
the extension of lecture seasons to six months. The Committee repeated
their high opinion of the benefits to be derived by students from bedside
experience, as superior to lectures and' flitting hospital visits, and sug-
gested a supplementary school of practice. They would not discourage
medical schools through the country, but foster them as useful, and trust
to the private instructor and the hospitals as schools of practice. The
Committee asked leave to conclude their report by presenting the fol-
lowing resolutions :
Resolved, That the Association reaffirm its formerly expressed opin-
ions, on the value and importance of general education to the student
and practitioner of medicine, and that it would gladly enlarge its rule
on this subject, so as to include the Humanities of the schools, and the
Natural Sciences.
Resolved, That in the opinion of this Association, a familiar knowledge
with the elements of Medical Science should precede Clinical instruction.
Resolved, That in order to accomplish the latter, the Hospitals, when
elevated to the rank of Schools of Practice, and the intelligent private
preceptor, are the most efficient instrumentalities to be used for that
purpose.
On motion of Dr. Atlee, the report and resolutions were adopted.
The Committee on Volunteer Communications reported, through Dr.
Joseph M. Jmith, of New York, upon the number of contributions re-
ceived. Dr. Smith said that the Committee had awarded one prize of
$100 to Dr. Waldo J. Burnett, of Boston, Mass., for his treatise upon
“The Cell; its Physiology, Pathology, and Philosophy”—“ Natura
in minimis maxima est.”
Another prize of $100 had been awarded to Dr. Washington L. At-
lee, of Philadelphia, for his treatise upon “ The Surgical Treatment of
Pibrous Tumours of the Uterus.” “ Palmam qui meruit feral.”
Dr. Alden March, of New York, made a verbal abstract of his
paper on “ Diseases of the Hip Joint,” which was favorably reported on
by the Committee; and, on motion of Dr. Smith, he was requested
to read the paper, during recess to-day, in Crosby street Medical
College.
Dr. Palmer, of Chicago, moved the following :
Resolved, That this Association earnestly recommend to the local
Societies in different portions of our country, to appoint Committees,
whose duties it shall be to record the prevalence of epidemics or other
diseases, and the general state of health in their respective localities,
and to transmit said reports to the Committees of the Society on Epi-
demics, through the State Societies where they exist.
Resolved, That the Secretaries be requested to secure a wide publicity
to the above resolutions, by such means as they may deem proper.
The resolutions were adopted.
Dr. Atlee, Pa., called the attention of the Association to resolutions
passed at the last annual meeting of the Association, for purchasing a
suitable stone for the Washington Monument.
Dr. Blatciiford, N. Y., offered the following :
Resolved, That the suggestions in the President’s Address, touching
the licensing power, be referred to a Committee of five, of which Dr.
Wellford shall be the Chairman, to prepare some plan whereby the sub-
ject may be brought fairly before the Profession, and, if deemed advisa-
ble, that the Legislatures of the several States may be memorialized to
carry out the recommendations of this Association—the Committee to
report at the next meeting of the Association.
Dr. Garnett, Washington, D. C., proposed the following as an
amendment:
Resolved, That a Committee of five be appointed by the President of
this Association to prepare a memorial to the Legislative bodies of the
several States of the Union, praying that a law be passed prohibiting
the Faculty of any medical institution which may at present exist, or
which may hereafter be established within the limits of said State, from
conferring the degree of Doctor of Medicine upon any candidate for
graduation who has not previously graduated at some literary institu-
tion, or who, upon examination by a competent Board, is not found to
possess a good English and Classical education.
Resolved, That regarding the present term of preparatory study
adopted by the Medical Colleges of the United States, too limited to
enable students of medicine to acquire such a competent knowledge of
the profession as should entitle them to receive the degree of Doctor of
Medicine, a recommendation be incorporated in said memorial that some
Legislative action be also had upon this subject.
Resolved, That it be the duty of the President and Secretary of this
Association, to transmit, through the Executive heads of each State, a
copy of said memorial to their respective Legislative Assemblies, and
that a Circular be addressed to the members of the Medical Profession,
resident at, or convenient to the seats of Government of the several
States, requesting them to use every practicable exertion consistent with
the honor, dignity, and good repute of the profession, to procure the
passage of a law in accordance with the foregoing resolutions.
On motion of Dr. Cash, the resolutions and amendments were laid
on the table, to be taken up at an early period, and the Association
took a recess for one hour.
Afternoon Session.
The Association met at 2 o’clock, P. M. The Secretary read an
invitation, from Dr. Griscom, to visit the New York Hospital.
Dr. Stewart, on the part of the Committee of Arrangements, moved
that Dr. Robert R. Halley, of Beyroot, Syria; Dr. James G. Cooper,
Washington Territory, and Dr. H. Williams, from Southern Illinois, be
invited to take part in the proceedings. Carried.
The following resolutions, offered by Dr. Charles Lee, a permanent
member, were read, in his absence, by the Secretary.
Resolved, As the sense of this Association, that those Medical Col-
leges which give two courses of lectures annually, each of which counts
as a separate course, have virtually violated and forfeited their Charters,
which do not contemplate but one annual session, (thus making two
Colleges out of one.)
Resolved, That the practice in question is calculated to lower the
standard of attainment in the profession, and subjects those who counte-
nance it to the imputation of acting from mercenary motives.
Resolved, That no delegates shall hereafter be received by this Asso-
ciation, from any Medical Schools which give two courses of lectures
annually ; each of which counts towards a degree.
On motion of Dr. Atlee, of Pennsylvania, the resolutions were laid
on the table.
Dr. Stewart read the following resolutions, offered by Dr. Stephen
AV. Williams, of Mass., a permanent member :
Resolved, That the thanks of this Association be presented to Dr.
AVinslow Lewis, of Boston, a member of the Massachusetts Legisla-
ture, for the bill which he has presented and endeavored to sustain, pro-
viding that “ no druggist, apothecary, or person engaged in manufac-
turing medicines, or compounds to be administered as medicines,
(except such as are published in standard works of chemistry, materia
medica, or pharmacopoeia,) shall offer the same for sale in any way, till
he has filed a complete recipe in English, sworn to before a legal
authority constituted for such purpose.”
2. Voted, That a Committee be appointed by this Association for the
purpose of petitioning Congress and State Legislatures to enact regula-
tions and laws similar to the above.
Also, as we are constantly called upon to deplore the ravages of death
among the illustrious and worthy members of our profession throughout
the United States :
Resolved, That a Standing Committee be appointed by this Associa-
tion to procure memorials of the eminent and worthy dead among the
distinguished physicians of our country, both in and without the pale
of the Association, and present them to this Association for publication
in their transactions.
The first resolution, relating to Dr. Lewis, was adopted.
To the second Dr. Cox, Md., moved an amendment, confining the
memoirs to distinguished members of the Association.
Dr. Morgan, Washington, thought the Association would not be
able to meet the increased expense such an addition to their transac-
tions would cause. He moved to lay on the table. Carried.
Dr. Buck, N. Y., read a paper on morbid growths within the larynx,
and exhibited a specimen, with report of the case. Referred to Com-
mittee on Publications.
Dr. J. K. Mitchell, Pa., offered the following :
Whereas, The claim of Naval Medical officers to a defined rank,
assimilated with the grades of officers of the line of the Navy, lias not
yet been decided by Congress, therefore
Resolved, That the President of this Association appoint a Committee
of three, which is hereby instructed to communicate to Congress, through
the presiding officer of each House, at the commencement of its next
session, an expression of the interest felt by the American Medical
Association of the United States, for their professional brethren
employed in the Navy, as set forth in resolutions unanimously adopted
at several previous sessions of this body.
Dr. Jackson, of Philadelphia, seconded the resolution.
The President stated that the bill had passed one branch of our
National Legislature.
Dr. Pinckney, U. S. N., made a statement of the action had in the
National Legislature.
The resolution was put and adopted.
Dr. Stevens, of New York, moved that the President be Chairman
of the Committee. Carried.
Dr. Hooker, of Connecticut, offered the following, which was adopted :
Resolved, That the delegates from the several States be requested to
appoint a Committee, who shall aid the Committee of Publication in
procuring subscriptions, and in distributing the annual transactions of
the Association.
Dr. Bolton, Virginia, moved a resolution expressing the warm com-
mendation of the Association towards the medical department of Michi-
gan University, for its co-operation in elevating the standard of the
profession.
A discussion ensued, in which Drs. Palmer and Bolton advocated
the resolution, and Dr. Hooker and others took ground against it. Fi-
nally, the resolution was withdrawn.
Dr. Muran presented the following report, in relation to the necessity
of each emigrant ship being provided with a surgeon :—
The undersigned, Chairman of a Committee appointed by the Ameri-
can Medical Association, to memorialize Congress upon the importance
of enacting, as an act of duty and humanity, a law making it obligatory
upon all vessels conveying emigrants to have a regular surgeon on board,
respectfully reports: That the memorial signed by all the members of
the Committee, the President and Secretaries of the Association, was,
through the medium of the Hon. A. P. Butler, Senator from South Ca-
rolina, presented in May, 1852, and was referred to the Committee on
Commerce. It is with much regret that the undersigned has to report
that the Committee on Commerce, having, it is presumed, other’subjects
of a much graver import in a pecuniary point of view, but surely not in
a humane and philanthropic one, made no report. It was not contem-
plated that any action would have been taken on the subject at the late
period of the session of 1851; but sanguine hopes were entertained that
some report would have been made in the session of 1852. The under-
signed, in common with every good citizen, has a respectful considera-
tion for our legislators and public functionaries, but must honestly
confess that the legislation growing out of outward pressure, for ulterior
purposes of individual or political aggrandizement, renders it difficult to
have such prompt and efficient action as should be reasonably expected
upon questions involving sacrifice, advancement, or Hygienic improve-
ment. The undersigned, however, is fully impressed that no intentional
disrespect was meant by the Committee on Commerce in allowing the
memorial to remain in tlieir archives unnoticed; and now that the Pre-
sidential election, and other collateral subjects, incidental or having a
bearing thereto, are settled, it is but reasonable to suppose that the Se-
nate and House of Representatives would consider any measure as regards
science or medical association; and likewise, if possible in legislation,
adopt the same. There has been every assurance given to the under-
signed, that the measure will have a proper consideration at the next
session of Congresss, and therefore he asks that the Committee be con-
tinued, and considered as reporting progress.
Thos. Y. Simons, M. D., Chairman.
The foregoing report was accepted, and the Committee directed to pre-
pare a memorial to Congress.
The following report was then presented :
The undersigned, Chairman of a Committee of the American Medical
Association to memorialize Congress in accordance with a resolution of
Dr. Fulton, of Georgetown, Kentucky, to have the medical statistics of
the United States census printed separately, for the use of the medical
profession, respectfully reports :—
That a memorial was drawn up, and signed by the Committee and
the President and Secretary of the American Medical Association, and
was placed in the charge of the Hon. Dr. Jones, a member of the Asso-
ciation, and of Congress, to be presented to the House of Representa-
tives. From information received from him, it seems, among other ob-
jections, a grave one was offered, viz :—the want of scientific arrange-
ments, and the unreliability of the returns in general. In other words,
that they were of such a character as to add little to the usefulness of
the profession or the honor of the country. The undersigned, respect-
fully, on the present occasion, calls the attention of the members of the
Association to the great importance of using their best influence to in-
duce the legislatures of their respective States to establish a registration
of births, marriages and deaths; a measure of incalculable value as re-
gards vital statistics. The experience and gradual progressive improve-
ment in the reports of Massachusetts, clearly demonstrate that while at
first they were comparatively imperfect, yet much information was ob-
tained, and everj7 year the reports have become more satisfactory.
Thos. Y. Simmons, M. D., Chairman.
The report was adopted, and the Committee continued.
Dr. Peaslee, of N. H., offered a resolution, setting forth that various
systems of irregular practice were encouraged by the regular medical
Colleges, in giving diplomas to such as subsequently engaged in them,
and moving that the Colleges refuse to admit all persons who intend to
engage in any other than the regular practice of medicine, to an exami-
nation.
Dr. Sayre, of N. Y., considered the resolution would not meet the
intention. lie moved an amendment, petitioning Congress for the pas-
sage of an act, empowering the Faculty in any College, to publicly
withdraw diplomas from graduates who had, in their judgment, forfeited
a right to the same.
A warm discussion ensued, in which Drs. Hooker, Conn., Atlee,
Pa., Peaslee, and others, took part.
On motion of Dr. Gooch, the resolution and amendment wire laid on
the table, and the Association adjourned to Thursday mo niiv at 9
o’clock.
Third Day, May 5 th, 1853.
The A isolation met at 9 A. M., Dr. Jonathan Knight, President,
in the Chair.
I he Secretary, Dr. E. L. Beadle, read the minutes, which were
approved.
Dr. Stewart, Chairman of Committee on Arrangement", reported
the names of several delegates who had registered since last report.
Dr. AV. Hooker, Connecticut, offered the following, which was
adopted :
Resolved, That a Committee of Five be appointed, whose duty it
shall be, in compliance with the suggestions of our late President, Dr.
Wellford, to report our plans of organization for State and County
Societies, and that the Committee be requested to report, if possible,
during the present meeting of the Association.
Dr. Zeigler, Pennsylvania, offered the following, which was referred
to Committee on Organizing State and County Societies:
Inasmuch as the universal aggregation and organization of the mem-
bers of the medical profession’ in the United States has long been a
desideratum but partially attainable until the adoption of the present
mode of organizing local and general societies in imitation of and in
conformity with the confederacy of this country; and whereas, notwith-
standing this consolidation has thus been more completely and perfectly
effected, a very large portion of the profession still remain isolated and
unassociated, thus retarding and preventing the more rapid attainment
of those exalted objects involved in this universal professional union in
one great brotherhood; and inasmuch as the present general mode of
perfecting further and final professional aggregation and consolidation
is comparatively imperfect, inefficient, and protracting, and hence will
require an almost indefinite period for its full accomplishment and final
consummation and completion; and inasmuch as some more general
and systematic effort for the speedy and positive realization of this
highly important object is yet greatly desirable ; therefore
Resolved, That the American Medical Association hereby reiterate
the repeatedly previously expressed desire for the immediate formation
and organization of County and State Medical Societies in every part
of the country in which they have not yet been established.
Resolved, That every County Medical Society be and is hereby recom-
mended to dispense with the present system of acquiring members by
the previous pro-formal manifestation of personal desire on the part of
applicants for such association, and to substitute therefor that of the
immediate and voluntary election to membership therein, of every unas-
sociated eligible physician.
Resolved, That all physicians thus voluntarily elected, and subse-
quently neglecting or declining to respond to and unite themselves with
the ceneral profession, shall be considered as estimating their own per-
sonal views, and private relations and interests, above and in opposition
to those of the profession generally, and, as thus antagonistic to its
exalted objects, cannot therefore consistently expect the continued en-
joyment of the usual rights and privileges of professional intercourse
and fellowship.
The Secretary read a notice, requesting delegates from any States
which were not represented on the Committee on Nomination, to elect
representatives to sit with the Committee at 56 Bleecker street.
Dr. N. S. Davis, of Illinois, reported at length, on the Medical
Literature of 1853. There are now published in the United States
twenty-eight medical periodicals, of which four are issued quar-
terly, six bi-monthly, fifteen monthly, two semi-monthly, and one weekly.
One of the monthlies is published in the German at New York, and
one in French, at New Orleans. Of the aggregate number of pages
published, about one-half were original matter. This aggregate consists
of the record of cases occurring under the observation of their writers,
of which a very large proportion lose their value for lack of that full-
ness of detail and scope, which are essential to make them reliable data
for the abstraction of practical deductions—articles embodying the
statistical results of certain diseases and surgical operations, and essays
on special subjects, and the details of experimental inquiries—of all
which classes some of the more important specimens were named in the
report. It is believed that a decided improvement has taken place in
this department of medical journalism during the past year. It is
shown most distinctly in the more frequent reports of the use of the
microscope and its application to physiological and pathological
researches. But the report scores the journals for an abundance of
material furnished of another order—crude, ill-digested essays, illogi-
cal, incomplete and consequently mischievous articles, which serve to
advertise the writers’ names and residence, and, unwittingly, their
ignorance.
The Review department of our medical periodicals is of all the most
defective. There are a few honorable exceptions, but the large majority
afford little more than a few meagre pages of booksellers’ notices,
serving to advertise the work whose title is given, and seldom affording
any impression whatever of the character and contents of the book
named.
The number of journals in this country is greater in proportion to
the population than in any other. Whether we are gainers in their t
quality from this fact is very questionable, but this, at least, it secures
—a greater number of professional readers. A very copious contribu-
tion to our medical literature is made in the form of the transactions of
the State, County and other Medical Societies. The report hints that
their character is decidedly superior to that of the average of the ori-
ginal papers contributed to the journals.
Among the more valuable monographs that have issued from Ameri-
can authors during the year, are, the treatises of Dr. Swett on the
Chest; Dr. Flint on Continued Fever; Dr. Edward Coale, on Uterine
Displacements; Dr. H. H. Smith’s Operative Surgery; Dr. Piper’s
Illustrated Surgery; Dr. Horace Green’s Polypi of the Larynx and
(Edema of the Glottis; Dr. Biddle’s and Dr. Tully’s Materia Medica;
Dr. Dickson’s Life, Sleep and Death; and Dr. Mackall’s Notes on Car-
penter’s Physiology. Besides these, many new editions of standard
American works, and the revision and translation of many of foreign
origin, show that there is no lack of patronage of our home literature,
nor a lack of readers for professional works, either domestic or foreign.
In matters of minutiae, in the details of analysis and of nice scientific
discrimination, we have looked abroad for our medical teachings. But
in the details of practice, in bold, independent, inventive and energetic
thinking on medical topics, we are not copyists, nor in any respect
imitators.
The defects of our medical literature are very obvious and readily
traceable to their causes—to wit, a lack on the part of medical writers
of sufficient preliminary education, the absence of clear and definite
perceptions of the fundamental principles of physiology and pathology,
defective modes of investigation, and the epidemic haste shared by them
with all other writers in our country, with which their productions are
surrendered to the press. These difficulties will be remedied when the
public sentiment of physicians has become what it ought to be; when
medical critics are honest in expressing their convictions, and medical
men avail themselves of the benefits that must accrue from the organi-
zation of their forces into local, State and National Associations.
The following he indicated as the principal means of advancing the
standard of Medical Literature : 1. To adopt such means as would be
calculated to increase preliminary study on the part of students. 2.
Greater strictness on the part of Medical Colleges in their examinations.
3. Offering premiums for the best original Medical Essays by State and
County Medical Societies. 4. Formation of Medical Libraries. 5. To
labor for an International Copyright. The future is bright for us, the
past full of eloquent lessons. If we heed them and do for the future
what we ought, American Medical Literature will yet attain to an ele-
vation corresponding with our country’s social and political destiny.
The Secretary read a communication from Robert Kelly, Esq., in-
viting the Association to visit the House of Refuge for reformation of
juvenile delinquents.
Dr. S. Jackson, of Pennsylvania, stated that he had received a paper
from one gentleman on Electricity, as applied to predictions of meteoro-
logical changes.
Dr. McNaughten moved to refer to Committee on Spirit Rappers.
Laid on the table.
Dr. Yandell, of Kentucky, offered the following, which was
adopted:
Whereas, By the dispensation of an inscrutable Providence, Dr.
Daniel Drake has been removed since the last meeting of this Asso-
ciation from the scene of his earthly labors,
Resolved, That in the death of Dr. Drake the American Medical As-
sociation has lost one of its most honored members, and the American
medical profession one of its brightest ornaments.
Resolved, That his steady devotion to his profession, through a long
life, his zeal, activity and unceasing efforts to advance its interests,
afford an example worthy of the imitation of every young physician.
Resolved, That this Association will cherish the memory of Dr.
Drake for his many virtues, and for his labors which have adorned and
elevated our profession.
The resolutions were adopted by a rising vote.
The President read a resolution, offered by Dr. Cleveland, of
Vermont, calling for the appointment of a Committee to investigate the
value of Galvanism as a therapeutic agent.
On motion of Dr. Gooch, the resolution was referred to Committee
on Nominations.
Dr. Wellford, of Virginia, stated that the State of Louisiana was
not represented, and moved that Dr. Douglass, of Louisiana, who was
present, be invited to take his seat as a delegate from that State.
Carried.
On motion of Dr. Palmer, of Virginia, the resolution offered yes-
terday, from the Virginia Medical Society, recommending the appoint-
ment of a Chemist, and laid on the table, was taken up for consi-
deration.
Dr. Parker, of Virginia, offered the following as an amendment:
Resolved, That this Association recommend Congress to consider the
propriety of passing a law compelling all importers of nostrums to state
upon all compounds thus imported their true constituents, and in
English.
Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to forward a copy of these
resolutions to the Executive of the general Government.
An amendment to strike out all after the word “ English,” was
accepted.
The first resolution was read by the Secretary.
Dr. Bond, of Baltimore, objected to the resolution, because it could
do no good, and was likely to do a great deal of injury. He moved to
lay on the table, but withdrew it to allow discussion.
Dr. Hooker, of Connecticut, said the facts from the State of Maine
would answer the objections of Dr. Bond. An act had been passed
there which was found to be a death-blow to this system of quackery.
But on petition of the people and clergy, who were in favor of encou-
raging it, the law was repealed. He wished parties to know -what they
swallowed.
Dr. Sayre, of New York, said that every notice that was taken of
any such quackeries only tended to advertise them, and could accom-
plish no useful purpose. He proposed to lay on the table. Lost.
Dr. Cox, of Maryland, never knew any good to follow prohibitory
measures against quackery. In the State of Maryland, a set of quacks
known as Thomsonians, flourished under prohibitory legislation, and
died away when given every freedom and latitude. He believed the
surest death-blow to quackery was to treat it with contempt and silence.
It was unworthy of any grave notice from this Association. He believed
the true remedy against quackery was to be found in attention to their
Association.
Dr. Bolton, of Virginia, drew the attention of the Association to a
resolution passed yesterday, thanking Dr. Winslow Lewis for his efforts
in supporting a bill before the Massachusetts Legislature. There was a
mistake in thinking that the resolution proposed to prohibit the sale of
these quack medicines; it only proposed that the ingredients of which
they were composed should be set forth on the label. This would
divest the medicines of the great charm of mystery which gave them
such importance in the minds of the public. They would see that for
a few pence they could procure some simple medicine, which was the
chief ingredient in the expensive bottle.
Dr. Richards, of Ohio, and Dr. Jackson, of Massachusetts, followed
in opposition to the resolution. The analyzing of these nostrums, by
order of the State, would be giving a sanction to their sale.
The reading of the resolution was called for, and a vote taken.
President.—The Nays are the loudest; whether they are the more
numerous, I cannot say.
The House was counted, and the resolution laid on the table.
Dr. Condie, of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Cox, of Maryland, offered the
following resolutions, which were adopted by rising.
Resolved, That we have heard with sincere regret of the death of our
late fellow member, Dr. Isaac Parrish, of Philadelphia, who was dis-
tinguished by his early and earnest advocacy of the establishment of
this Association, by his ardent interest in its proceedings, and by his
valuable contributions to its published proceedings.
Resolved, That in the demise of Dr. William E. Horner, which
has occurred since the last annual session of this body, the American
Medical Association has lost one of its illustrious and useful members ;
and the science of medicine, an indefatigable student and most distin-
guished teacher.
Resolved, That the memory of the gifted subjects of the resolutions,
dear as it must ever be to the lovers of medical science universally, will
be especialy cherished by this Association, to whose great objects and
aims, their last efforts were, during life, promptly end liberally bestowed.
Dr. Condie, of Pennsylvania, replied to inquiries received, in refer-
ence to back numbers of the Transactions.
Dr. Yandell, of Kentucky, presented a report received from Dr. S.
I). Gross, Kentucky, on the results of Surgical operations for the relief
of malignant diseases, which was referred to the Committee on publica-
tion. Dr. G. read a brief abstract.
From the facts and statements which have now been presented, em-
bracing the opinions of many of the most intelligent, experienced and
■distinguished practitioners in different ages, and in different parts of the
world, the following conclusions may be legitimately deduced :
First—That cancerous affections, particularly those of the mammary
gland, have always, with a few rare exceptions, been regarded by prac-
titioners as incurable by the knife and escharotics. This opinion, com-
mencing with Hippocrates, the father of medicine, has prevailed from
the earliest records of the profession, to the present moment. Nature
never cures a disease of the kind ; nor can this be effected by any medi-
cine, or internal remedies, known to the profession.
Secondly—That excision, however early and thoroughly executed, is
nearly always, in genuine cancer, followed by relapse, at a period vary-
ing from a few weeks to several months, from the time of the operation.
Thirdly— That nearly all practitioners, from the time of Hippocrates
to the present day, have been, and are still averse to any operation for
the removal of cancerous tumors, after the establishment of ulceration,
rapid growth, firm adhesion, organic change in the skin, lymphatic
invasion, the cancerous dyscracy, or serious constitutional derangements ;
on the ground that, if had recourse to, under these circumstances, the
malady almost inevitably recurs in a very short time, and frequently
destroys the patient more rapidly than when it is permitted to pursue
its own course.
Fourthly—That in all cases of acute carcinoma, or, in other words, in
all cases of this disease, attended with very rapid development and great
bulk of the tumor, extirpation is improper and unjustifiable, inasmuch
as it will only tend to expedite the fatal result, which, under such cir-
cumstances, always take place in a very short time.
Fifthly—That all operations performed for the removal of encephaloid
cancer and its different varieties, are more certainly followed by rapid
relapse than operations performed upon scirrhus or hard cancer.
Sixthly—That in nearly all the operations for cancerous diseases,
hitherto reported, the history has been imperfectly presented, being de-
ficient in the details which are necessary to a complete and thorough
understanding of the subject in each case. This remark is particularly
true in reference to the diagnosis of the malady, the minute examination
of the morbid structure, and the history of the case after the operation,
as to the period of relapse, the time and nature of the patient’s death,
and the result of the post-mortem examination.
Seventhly—That cancerous affections of the lip and skin, now usually
described under the name of cancroid diseases, are less liable to relapse
after extirpation than genuine cancerous maladies, or those which are
characterized by the existence of the true cancer-cell and cancer-juice.
Eighthly—That, although practitioners have always been aware, from
the earliest professional records, of the great liability of cancer to relapse
after extirpation, a great majority of them have always been, and still
are, in favor of operation in the early stage of the disease, especially in
scirrhus, before the tumor has made much progress, or before there is any
disease of the lymphatic ganglions, or evidence of the cancerous ca-
chexy.
Ninthly—That many cases of tumors, especially tumors of the breast
and testicle, supposed to be cancerous, are in reality not cancerous, but
of a benign character, and consequently, readily curable by ablation,
whether effected by the knife or by escbarotics. It is to this circum-
stance that we must ascribe the astonishing success which is said to have
attended the practice of Hill, of Scotland, Nooth, of England, and Fla-
jani, of Italy.
Tenthly—That all operators insist upon the most thorough excision
possible; removing, not merely the diseased mass, but also a portion of
the surrounding and apparently healthy tissues, as well as all enlarged
and indurated ganglions.
Eleventhly—That the practice has always prevailed, and still obtains,
to save, if possible, a sufficient amount of healthy integument to cover
the wound, and to unite, if possible, the wound by the first intention;
on the ground that these precautions will tend much to retard, if not to
prevent, a recurrence of the disease.
Twelfthly—That much stress is laid by writers upon a properly regu-
lated diet, and attention to the bowels and secretions after operation, as
means of retarding and preventing relapse.
Thirteenthly—That there is no remedy, medicine or method of treat-
ment which has the power, so far as we are enabled to judge of its virtues,
of preventing the reproduction of the morbid action after operation, no
matter how early or how thoroughly it may be performed.
Fourteenthly—That life has occasionally been prolonged and even
saved by operation after relapse, as in some of the remarkable cases
mentioned in a previous part of this report; but that, as a general rule,
such a procedure is as incompetent to effect a permanent cure as a first
extirpation.
Dr. Bryan, of Pennsylvania, rose to correct a statement made yester-
day, by Prof. Jackson, that a young gentleman had been allowed to
graduate in Philadelphia Medical College, after two weeks study.
Prof. Jackson stated that he had received the information from a
gentleman, whom he named, and had used it as an illustration of his
argument.
Dr. Gooch called up the subject of the graduating pledge, proposed
by Dr. Peaslee, of New Hampshire, last evening, and laid over, and
proposed the following resolutions:
Resolved, That this Association earnestly recommends to all the re-
spectable Medical Colleges of the United States to administer to their
graduates, previous to their receiving the diploma, some pledge that they
will maintain, to the best of their abilities, the honor and dignity of the
profession; and that they will forfeit their degrees, whenever they desert
the Orthodox system of medicine.
Resolved, That the schools be urged not to graduate any man without
requiring him to read the National Code of Ethics and publicly give his
consent to abide by it, and that they will reserve to themselves the right
to withdraw the diploma, publicly, whenever the graduating pledge has
been violated.
There were, said Dr. G., two schools which had already adopted such
rules. Unfortunately, as things stood, gentlemen were allowed to gradu-
ate on payment of their fees, without knowing there was such a thing as
a “Code of Ethics” in existence, and permitted to go forth among
medical men as their equals in practice. The consequence was, systems
of quackery, and want of proper esprit du corps among members of the
profession, in many instances.
Dr. Garnett, of V\ ashington, spoke to the resolution.
Dr. Atkinson, of Virginia, inquired how the diploma could be with-
drawn.
Dr. Gooch replied that the diploma could be always withdrawn, if
given under these conditions.
Dr. John H. Phillips, of New Jersey, offered the following amend-
ment :
Resolved, That it is the duty of all Boards of Examiners, to whom
candidates may apply for examination or approval, to admit none but
those who give satisfactory evidence of a good preliminary education,
and that a regular Course of Medical Practice will afterwards be pur-
sued, and who shall subscribe to the Code of Ethics adopted by this
Association.
Dr. Cox, of Maryland, thought the resolution contemplated an extra-
ordinary act of legislation, and there would be great difficulty in apply-
ing the principle. The power of revoking a diploma, once given under
the legal sanction of a charter, was a dangerous one to be intrusted to
any set of men.
Dr. Atkinson, of Virginia, thought that, until the millenium,
quackery would exist in the profession to some extent, and it was vain
to legislate against it.
On motion of Dr. Sayre, of New York, the Association took a recess
of one hour, without disposing of the resolution.
Afternoon Session.
The Association was called to order at 11 P. M.
The consideration of Dr. Gooch’s resolution was resumed.
Dr. Stille, of Pennsylvania, offered the following :
Resolved, That in order to preserve the purity and honor of the
medical profession, and to place around young practitioners an additional
safe-guard against temptations to do wrong, as well as to draw a more
distinct line of separation between true and false physicians, it is
hereby recommended to the several Medical Colleges, and such other
Boards as are by law authorized to examine candidates for admission
into the medical profession, to require from every graduate or licentiate,
his signature to the Code of Ethics of this Association, as well as to
' furnish him with a copy of the Code, and it is also recommended that
the formal administration of a pledge, faithfully to observe and keep the
same, form part of the public ceremonies of Medical Commencement.
After some discussion the whole subject was referred to a Committee
of three, to report as soon as possible.
Dr. Stewart, on behalf of Committee of Arrangements, reported the
names of delegates who had registered since last report, and recommend-
ing to invite Dr. Harvey P. Peet, Institution for Deaf and Dumb,
and Dr. W. C. Butler, to take seats in the Association. The report
suggested that when the Society adjourn it be to Saturday morning.
Accompanying, was a letter from Dr. Thos. Spencer, presenting a
paper on the atomic theory of life and vital heat, as applicable to Pa-
thology.
On motion, Dr. Spencer made a brief extract of his views.
Dr. Blatchfofd,’ of New York, moved to have a resolution, offered
previously, on the licensing power, with amendments by Dr. Garnett,
taken up for consideration.	i
Dr. Hooker, of Connecticut, spoke to the subject of the resolutions.
He would expose individual cases, without referring to the Colleges or
individuals by name. The object of such an Association as this,was not
to be personal, but to reform abuses. Dr. H. cited several cases, for
which he stated he had the best authority, in which young men had
been allowed to graduate after terms of study under one year. Four of
these cases were from schools very prominent in the community. If such
instances as he had stated had come without inquiry, was it not probable
that if a searching inquiry were instituted numerous such abuses would
be discovered? The cause of this was in a great degreee owing to the
competition between schools. He wished that the subject would be
brought before a committee; and he thought the remedy proposed in
Dr. Garnett’s amendment would prove efficacious.
Dr. Johnson, of St. Louis, was happy the subject had come before
this Association. He was sorry the gentleman had not given the instances
he referred to; for he was confident that the Association was composed
of gentlemen who would have an influence in preventing such abuses.
In Missouri, they had memorialized the Legislature, and found that no
hope for any measure to protect the Medical Faculty could be expected
from the Legislature. This Association would, in itself have a much
greater influence, by denying those scholars, who acted in the manner
described, a place on this floor. The moral power of this Association,
if exercised, would have the effect of keeping members of the profession
from such practices.
Dr. Atlee, of Pennsylvania, rose to prevent a discussion on the sub-
ject, which could lead to no practical good for the present. The evil
was a very great one, and he hoped the whole subject would be referred
to a committee to make their report at the next meeting.
The subject was referred to the following Committee:
Drs. Samuel Jackson, T. Blatchford, Johnson, of Missouri, and
Peaslee, of New Hampshire.
On motion of Dr. Atlee, the subject of proposed amendments to the
Constitution was taken up, and the original articles, with proposed •
amendments, read by the Secretary.
Dr. Stevens, of New York, moved an indefinite postponement of the
whole subject of amendments to the Constitution.
Dr. Atkinson, of Virginia, moved to have the amendment proposing
to admit four delegates from the United States Army and United States
Navy, excepted from motion to postpone.
Dr. Coolidge, of United States Army, hoped the Association would
decide whether delegates from the Army and Navy were entitled to a
seat on the same footing as other delegates. If the Association did not
do so, he thought the Chief of the Army and Navy Medical Bureau
would not be inclined to nominate delegates from that department, in
future.
Dr. Bolton, of Virginia, read some resolutions intrusted to him by
the Medical Society of Virginia, on the subject of amending the Consti-
tution.
Dr. Stewart said the only alterations proposed were, in effect, to
have one delegate from each College, and one from each hospital, instead
of two. This was that they might obtain, as nearly as possible, a uni-
form representation of ten per cent., from all branches of the profession.
Also the change respecting the Army and Navy delegates.
The question on indefinite postponement, excepting the clause alter-
ing the Constitution in relation to delegates from the Army and Navy,
was put and carried, and the following adopted :
Resolved, That the second clause of Article 2 of the Constitution be
so amended as to admit the American Medical Society in Paris to repre-
sentation in this body upon the same terms as the Medical bodies in this
country.
Dr. Alfred Stille, Chairman of the Committee to whom was re-
ferred sundry memorials touching the course to be pursued by Medical
Colleges and other Boards in the examination of candidates and the
granting of Diplomas reported, submitting the following resolution for
adoption :
Resolved, That in order to preserve the purity and honor of the Me-
dical Profession, and to place around young practitioners additional safe-
guards against temptations to do wrong, as well as to draw a more dis-
tinct line of separation between true and false physicians, it be and is
hereby recommended, that every graduate in Medicine be required to
subscribe a pledge to submit to the revocation of his diploma upon con-
viction of having knowingly violated the Code of Ethics of this Associa-
tion. It is also recommended to the several Medical Colleges and such
other Boards as are by law authorized to examine candidates for admis-
sion into the Medical Profession,"to require from every graduate or licen-
tiate his signature to the Code of Ethics of this Association, and to fur-
nish him with a copy of the same. It is further recommended that the
formal administration of a pledge faithfully to observe and keep the said
Code form part of the public exercises of Medical Commencements.
The following form of Promise was among the documents referred to
Committee on Pledge:
I,	A. B., of-----, in the State of ------, do hereby promise, on the
honor of a gentleman, that I will conform strictly with the Code of
Ethics of this my Alma Mater in all things pertaining to the practice
of my profession ; and when I shall fail to do so, I hereby grant to the
Faculty of said School full power and authority to withdraw said
Diploma, and all the rights and privileges which it is intended to confer.
Dr. Palmer and other delegates opposed that part of the report pro-
posing to clothe Colleges with the power of revoking diplomas for a
breach of the “ Code of Ethics.”
Several motions and counter-motions were made. The Chairman de-
cided on the right of the Committee to withdraw the objectionable reso-
lution, when the second and third recommendations of the report were
adopted.
Dr. Palmer moved the following, which was adopted :
Resolved, That the Standing Committee, of which Dr. Bolton is Chair-
man, be instructed to inquire into all cases of death that may be re-
ported as occurring from the use of anaesthetic agents duriag the present
year in the United States, and report to the next meeting of the Asso-
ciation.
Dr. Ziegler, of Pennsylvania, moved the following, which were laid
on the table:
Resolved, That a Committee of three or more be appointed by the
President, to devise or consider some comprehensive plan or system by
which subjects connected more especially with Medical Science can be
more speedily, systematically, generally and thoroughly investigated and
examined.
Dr. Bolton, of Va., gave notice that he would propose the amend-
ments to the Constitution submitted to this Association by the meeting
at Richmond, last year, and which have been here indefinitely postponed,
for adoption at the next annual meeting in St. Louis.
Dr. J. M. Smith, of New York, read the following
Report of Committee on Nominations.
The Committee on Nominations, in fulfilling the duty of their appoint-
ment, propose to continue most of the Special Committees appointed by
the Association, in May, 1851, and May, 1852, and to appoint several
new Special Committees, with the subjects to them committed :
1.	Dr. D. F. Condie, of Philadelphia, Penn.—“On the Causes of
Tubercular Disease.”
2.	Dr. James Jones, of New Orleans, La.—“On the Mutual Rela-
tions of Yellow and Bilious Remittent Fever.”
3.	Dr. R. S. Holmes, of St. Louis, Mo.—“On Epidemic Erysipelas.”
4.	Dr. Geo. B. Wood, of Philadelphia, Penn.—“ On Diseases of Pa-
rasitic Origin.”
5.	Dr. R. D. Arnold, of Savannah, Ga.—“On the Physiological Pe-
culiarities and Diseases of Negroes.”
6.	Dr. James R. Wood, of New York—“On Statistics of the Opera-
tion for the removal of Stone in the Bladder.”
7.	Dr. F. Peyre Porcher, of Charleston, S. C.—“On Toxicological
and Medicinal Properties of our Cryptogamic Plants.”
8.	Dr. Goodrich A. Wilson, of Virginia—“ On Cholera, and its
Relation to Congestive Fever—their Analogy or Identity.”
9.	Dr. Worthington Hooker, of Connecticut—“ On Epidemics of
New England and New York.”
10.	Dr. John L. Atlee, of Lancaster, Penn.—“ On Epidemics of
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland.”
11.	Dr. D. G. Cain, of Charleston, S. C.—“On Epidemics of Mis-
sissippi, Louisiana, Texas and Arkansas.”
12.	Dr. W. L. Sutton, of Georgetown, Ky.—“ On Epidemics of
Tennessee and Kentucky.”
13.	Dr. Thomas Keyburn, of St. Louis, Mo.—“ On Epidemics of
Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin.”
14.	Dr. George Mendenhall, of Cincinnati, Ohio—u On Epide-
mics of Ohio, Indiana and Michigan.’’
15.	Dr. E. D. Fenner, of New Orleans, La.—“ On Epidemics of
Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas and Arkansas.”
16.	Dr. Chas. A. Lee, of New York—“ On Domestic Hygiene.’’
17.	Dr. Daniel Brainard, of Chicago, Ill.—“ On the Constitutional
and Local Treatment of Carcinoma.’’
18.	Dr. N. S. Davis, of Chicago, Ill.—“ On the Influence of Local
Circumstances on the Origin and Prevalence of Typhoid Fever.”
19.	Dr. Geo. Engelman, of St. Louis, Mo.—“ On the Influence of
Geological Formation on the Character of Disease.”
20.	Dr. Henry M. Bullitt, of Louisville, Ky.—“ On the Use and
Effect of Applications of Nitrate of Silver to the Throat, either in Local
or General Disease.”
21.	Dr. Robert Campbell, of Augusta, Ga.—“On the Pathogenic
Influence of Feather Beds.”
22.	Dr. James Bolton, of Richmond, Va.—“On the Administra-
tion of Anaesthetic Agents during Parturition.”
23.	Dr. Henry Taylor, of Mount Clemens, Mich.—“ On Dysen-
tery.”
24.	Dr. F. Donaldson, of Baltimore, Md.—“ On the Present and
Prospective Value of the Microscope in Disease.”
25.	Dr. R. L. Howard, of Columbus, Ohio—“On the Pathology
and Treatment of Scrofula.”
Committee on Plans of Organization for State and County Societies.
—Isaac Hays, M. D., of Pennsylvania, Chairman; Worthington Hooker,
M. D., of Connecticut; Josiah Andrews, M. D., of Michigan; B. R.
M ellford, M. D., of Virginia; A. L. Pierson, M. D., of Massachusetts.
Committee on Medical Literature.—T. S. Bell, M D-, of Kentucky,
Chairman; Samuel H. Pennington, M. D., of New Jersey; Ed. H.
Parker, M. D., of New Hampshire; William K. Bowling, M. D., of
Tennessee; Zina Pitcher, M. D. of Michigan.
Committee on Medical Education.—B. R. Wellford, M. D., of Vir-
ginia, Chairman; Resign Lowe, M. D., of Iowa; Lynden A. Smith,
M. D., of New Jersey ; Jacob Bigelow, M. D., of Massachusetts; L. A.
Dugas, M. D., of Georgia.
Committee on Volunteer Comnninications—Drs. C. A. Pope, Thos.
Reyburn, John S. Moore, J. B. Johnson and A. Litton, of St. Louis,
Missouri.
Committee of Arrangements—Drs. J. R. Washington, J. S. Moore,
S. Pollock, Thos. Reyburn, J. 0. Farrar, W. M. McPheeters, C. W.
Hempstead and E. S. Lemoine, of St. Louis, Mo.
Committee on Publications—Dr. D. V. Condie, Pennsylvania, Chair-
man; Dr. E. L. Beadle, of New York; Dr. A. Stille, Pennsylvania;
Dr. J. Hays, Pennsylvania; Dr. E. S. Lemoine, of Missouri; Dr. G.
Emerson, Pennsylvania; Dr. G. W. Norris, Pennsylvania.
Dr. Atlee, of Pennsylvania, moved that when the meeting adjourn,
it adjourn to meet at 9 o’clock on Saturday morning.
Tlie motion was withdrawn.
Dr. Rogers, of Philadelphia, moved to have the report and resolu-
tions offered by Dr. Zeigler, and laid on the table, taken up.
The report and resolutions were referred to a Committee, consisting
of Drs. Zeigler, Rogers and Jackson.
Drs. Atlee and Millenberger offered the following, which was
adopted:
Resolved, That the cordial thanks of the American Medical Associa-
tion be, and they are hereby tendered to the Committee of Arrangement,
the Trustees of the Church in which they have held their meetings, the
profession and the citizens generally of New York, for the generous and
elegant hospitality extended towards its members during its present
session.
Dr. Bolton, proposed a vote of thanks to the Presidents of the public
Institutions, which had been thrown open for members of the Associa-
tion during their stay.
Dr. Bolton, of Virginia, moved the thanks of the Association to the
Press of this City, for its accurate report of their proceedings.
On motion, it was resolved to meet on board the steamboat, at foot
of Pier No. 3, this morning at 9 o’clock, and proceed to visit the public
institutions belonging to the City of New York.
The President congratulated members on the close of their delibera-
tions, and expressed his wish that they should all meet at St. Louis
next year.
The Association then adjourned sine die.