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J Med Ultrasound
J Med Ultrasound
JMU
J Med Ultrasound
Journal of Medical Ultrasound
0929-6441
2212-1552
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow India

JMU-32-284
CME Test
CME Test
Jul-Sep 2024
28 8 2024
32 3 284284
Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Medical Ultrasound
2024
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
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pmc For a hemodialysis patient care team, how can Doppler ultrasound evaluation be beneficial in the management of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) care?

Help healthcare professionals know when to start cannulation after AVF creation surgery.

Assist the dialysis technician in making the AVF puncture easier and smoother.

Explain the etiology of inadequate dialysis adequacy (if present).

All of the above.

Which of the following is true about the common sites or locations of stenosis in a native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG) system in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Juxta-anastomotic stenosis is commonly found in patients with radiocephalic type AVF. The stenosis is usually located 2-5 cm distal to the anastomotic site.

Proximal swing stenosis or central vein stenotic lesion is more likely to be found in patients with brachiobasilic type AVF or AVG.

Cephalic arch stenosis is more likely to be found in patients with brachiocephalic type AVF or AVG.

All of the above.

Which clinical conditions DO NOT require referral for vascular intervention after vascular Doppler ultrasound exam?

Six weeks after the arteriovenous anastomosis (radiocephalic type), the measured blood flow in the brachial artery is <600 ml/min, and most of the forearm cephalic veins are less than 6 mm in diameter.

In a patient with a brachiobasilic AVG: a stenotic lesion is found in the axillary vein, the measured blood flow in the brachial artery is >800ml/min. High venous pressure >230mmHg is noted several times during hemodialysis.

In a patient with a radiocephalic type AVF: a stenosis (diameter <3.0 mm) is noted 3 cm distal to the anastomotic site. However, the measured blood flow is >600ml/min and the blood flow during (Qb) hemodialysis is good.

In a patient with a brachiocephalic AVF, Doppler ultrasound shows no stenosis or thrombosis in the fistula system. The measured blood flow is >1500 ml/min. The patient has dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and frequently suffers from acute pulmonary edema.

What are the primary prenatal ultrasound and MRI features of Glutaric Acidemia Type 1 (GA1)?

Enlarged lateral ventricles and reduced brain volume.

Symmetric widening of the Sylvian fissures, accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in specific regions, and macrocephaly in the third trimester or at birth.

Hypoplasia of the cerebellum and abnormal cortical thickness.

Microcephaly and enlarged cisterna magna.

Regarding the genetic basis of GA1, which of the following statements is correct?

It is caused by an autosomal dominant gene mutation.

It only occurs in males.

It is caused by two pathogenic variants in the GCDH gene on chromosome 19p13.13.

It is caused by a single mutation on the X chromosome.

Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve outcomes for GA1 patients. Which of the following treatment methods is used for GA1?

High-protein diet.

Calcium supplementation.

Dietary lysine restriction and carnitine supplementation.

Vitamin D supplementation.

Which ultrasound probe should be used in diagnosing pathology change in esophageal inlet:

Curve probe.

Linear probe.

Sector probe.

Micro-convex probe.

Which zones or areas of esophageal lesion could be diagnosed by POCUS:

Esophageal inlet.

Middle third segment of the esophagus just beneath the cardiac chambers.

EGJ.

All of the above are correct.

In patients presenting with posterior hip pain, which of the following structures is least likely to demonstrate pathology on ultrasound imaging?

Piriformis muscle.

Obturator internus muscle.

Quadratus femoris muscle.

Tensor fasciae latae muscle.

In patients with dorsal ankle pain, which of the following structures is least likely to be affected?

Plantar fascia.

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.

Talus dome.

Extensor retinaculum.
