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Author Correction
Author Correction: The physical significance of acoustic parameters and its clinical significance of dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease
Yang Shu 12
Wang Fengbo 3
Yang Liqiong 4
Xu Fan 2
Luo Man 5
Chen Xiaqing 5
Feng Xixi 583840943@qq.com

2
Zou Xianwei Chinazxw002@cmc.edu.cn

5
1 https://ror.org/00pcrz470 grid.411304.3 0000 0001 0376 205X College of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072 Sichuan China
2 https://ror.org/01c4jmp52 grid.413856.d 0000 0004 1799 3643 Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
3 https://ror.org/01c4jmp52 grid.413856.d 0000 0004 1799 3643 Department of Rehabilitation, First Afliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
4 https://ror.org/01c4jmp52 grid.413856.d 0000 0004 1799 3643 Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
5 https://ror.org/01c4jmp52 grid.413856.d 0000 0004 1799 3643 Department of Neurology, First Afliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
19 9 2024
19 9 2024
2024
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pmcCorrection to: Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-68754-0, published online 16 July 2020

The Article contains errors in the speech quantity “Median F0 values” which is incorrectly given as “Median intensity” in the Abstract, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion and Tables 2, 3 and 4.

In the Abstract,

“The results indicated that the mean f0, max f0, min f0, jitter, duration of speech and median intensity of speaking for the PD patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls.”

should read:

“The results indicated that the mean f0, max f0, min f0, jitter, duration of speech and median F0 values of speaking for the PD patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls.”

In the Methods, under the subheading ‘Acoustic parameter extraction’,

“The acoustic parameters included (a) start f0 (Hz), (b) mean f0 (Hz), (c) mid f0 (Hz), (d) minimum f0 (Hz), (e) maximum f0 (Hz), (f) end f0 (Hz), (g) slope from the maximum f0 to the end of the call (slope M-E; Hz/s), (h) slope from the start f0 of the call to the maximum f0 (slope S-M; Hz/s), (i) median intensity (Hz), (j) duration of speaking (seconds) (k) harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR, Hz) and (l) jitter (the absolute f0 difference between consecutive f0 measurements/the average period).”

should read:

“The acoustic parameters included (a) start f0 (Hz), (b) mean f0 (Hz), (c) mid f0 (Hz), (d) minimum f0 (Hz), (e) maximum f0 (Hz), (f) end f0 (Hz), (g) slope from the maximum f0 to the end of the call (slope M-E; Hz/s), (h) slope from the start f0 of the call to the maximum f0 (slope S-M; Hz/s), (i) median F0 values (Hz), (j) duration of speaking (seconds) (k) harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR, Hz) and (l) jitter (the absolute f0 difference between consecutive f0 measurements/the average period).”

In the Results,

“Similarly, the end f0 in the single syllable and double syllable tests, the slope S-M in the single syllable test and the median intensity in the multiple syllable test of the PD female patients were significantly higher than those of the controls.”

should read:

“Similarly, the end f0 in the single syllable and double syllable tests, the slope S-M in the single syllable test and the median F0 in the multiple syllable test of the PD female patients were significantly higher than those of the controls.”

“The other acoustic parameters were risk factors, including the age, smoking habit, education, end f0, HNR and median intensity.”

should read:

“The other acoustic parameters were risk factors, including the age, smoking habit, education, end f0, HNR and median F0.”

“Interestingly, the median intensity and duration were significantly positively correlated with the H&Y and UPDRS III in the single syllable results (P < 0.05, R > 0). However, all the syllables of median intensity were related to the VHI-30.”

should read:

“Interestingly, the median F0 and duration were significantly positively correlated with the H&Y and UPDRS III in the single syllable results (P < 0.05, R > 0). However, all the syllables of median F0 were related to the VHI-30.”

In the Discussion,

“Our data revealed significant differences in the mean f0, min f0, max f0, duration and jitter in male participants between the two groups and significant changes in the min f0, max f0, end f0, slope S-M and median intensity in female participants between the two groups (see Table 2).”

should read:

“Our data revealed significant differences in the mean f0, min f0, max f0, duration and jitter in male participants between the two groups and significant changes in the min f0, max f0, end f0, slope S-M and median F0 in female participants between the two groups (see Table 2).”

“This factor measures the rate of airflow caused by the coordinated movement of lung muscles. In addition, our data revealed that the median intensity of male PD patients was higher than that of the control group in the overall syllable test. Similarly, the female PD patients also presented a higher median intensity than the controls. However, only during the multiple syllable test did female PD patients present significantly higher intensity than the control group. The median intensity represents the intensity of vocalization. Having a low voice is also one of the symptoms of PD patients.“

should read:

“This factor measures the rate of airflow caused by the coordinated movement of lung muscles. In addition, our data revealed that the median F0 of male PD patients was higher than that of the control group in the overall syllable test. Similarly, the female PD patients also presented a higher median F0 than the controls. However, only during the multiple syllable test did female PD patients present significantly higher intensity than the control group. The median F0 represents the intensity of vocalization. Having a low voice is also one of the symptoms of PD patients.”

“Conversely, the Z-values from the regression analysis indicated that the acoustic parameters of end f0, HNR and the median intensity were greater than zero, signifying that they are negative factors.”

should read:

“Conversely, the Z-values from the regression analysis indicated that the acoustic parameters of end f0, HNR and the median F0 were greater than zero, signifying that they are negative factors.”

In the Conclusion,

“The mean f0, max f0, min f0, jitter, duration and median intensity of speaking in PD patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls. The end f0, slope M-E, median intensity, duration, HNR and jitter are related to the clinical severity of PD.”

should read:

“The mean f0, max f0, min f0, jitter, duration and median F0 of speaking in PD patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls. The end f0, slope M-E, median F0, duration, HNR and jitter are related to the clinical severity of PD.”

The correct Tables 2, 3 and 4 and accompanying legends appear below.Table 2 Comparison of mean values in sound parameters between PD and control patients.

Acoustic parameter	Sex	Male	Female	
Group	Control	PD			Control	PD			
Syllable	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	t	P	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	t	P	
Start f0 (Hz)	Single	133	178.64 ± 89.33	180	169.48 ± 70.82	1.012	0.312	180	168.92 ± 83.82	154	153.63 ± 74.62	1.747	0.082	
Double	87	186.59 ± 91.92	120	174.54 ± 76.67	1.026	0.306	120	173.88 ± 84.72	104	167.17 ± 78.93	0.610	0.543	
Multiple	64	179.40 ± 94.64	90	179.62 ± 84.26	− 0.015	0.988	90	175.35 ± 86.75	78	165.94 ± 83.08	0.715	0.475	
Mean f0 (Hz)	Single	133	170.29 ± 23.13*	180	164.81 ± 23.83*	2.035	0.043	180	165.8 ± 24.57	154	167.62 ± 20.55	− 0.728	0.467	
Double	87	169.27 ± 22.44	120	166.22 ± 23.87	0.929	0.354	120	168.13 ± 20.36	104	168.68 ± 21.3	− 0.200	0.842	
Multiple	64	172.65 ± 22.98	90	171.04 ± 23.5	0.423	0.673	90	167.92 ± 18.68	78	172.84 ± 21.34	− 1.596	0.112	
Mid f0 (Hz)	Single	133	163.85 ± 81.68	180	166.96 ± 78.15	− 0.341	0.733	180	172.75 ± 81.78	154	168.26 ± 85.88	0.489	0.625	
Double	87	167.43 ± 71.58	120	170.83 ± 82.39	− 0.31	0.757	120	172.58 ± 68.59	104	185.4 ± 71.9	− 1.364	0.174	
Multiple	64	175.67 ± 65.49	90	180.34 ± 78.23	− 0.391	0.697	90	184.87 ± 82.95	78	181.67 ± 67.19	0.271	0.786	
Min f0 (Hz)	Single	133	50.24 ± 0.50	180	50.24 ± 0.51	0.082	0.935	180	50.20 ± 0.52*	154	50.09 ± 0.23*	2.437	0.015	
Double	87	50.15 ± 0.35*	120	50.31 ± 0.53*	− 2.402	0.017	120	50.25 ± 0.64*	104	50.09 ± 0.20*	2.464	0.014	
Multiple	64	50.38 ± 0.73*	90	50.18 ± 0.33*	2.210	0.029	90	50.24 ± 0.60	78	50.12 ± 0.30	1.589	0.114	
Max f0 (Hz)	Single	133	395.18 ± 12.38*	180	389.27 ± 17.51*	3.327	0.001	180	388.81 ± 21.00*	154	393.80 ± 11.04*	− 2.653	0.008	
Double	87	393.91 ± 12.50*	120	386.73 ± 17.90*	3.216	0.002	120	390.89 ± 16.34	104	391.34 ± 14.22	− 0.222	0.825	
Multiple	64	397.76 ± 7.32*	90	390.92 ± 15.82*	3.218	0.002	90	395.40 ± 10.99	78	393.67 ± 12.36	0.959	0.339	
End f0 (Hz)	Single	133	246.33 ± 102.11	180	244.25 ± 98.7	0.182	0.856	180	239.21 ± 95.14*	154	273.15 ± 90.38*	− 3.325	0.001	
Double	87	243.06 ± 100.86	120	247.46 ± 100.88	− 0.310	0.757	120	241.52 ± 100.82*	104	268.31 ± 97.19*	− 2.017	0.045	
Multiple	64	232.86 ± 93.12	90	248.65 ± 106.8	− 0.953	0.342	90	252.59 ± 87.49	78	277.14 ± 92.6	− 1.766	0.079	
Slope M-E (Hz/s)	Single	131	− 104,311.52 ± 396,649.63	173	− 92,991.59 ± 258,141.83	− 0.301	0.764	179	− 65,088.06 ± 174,637.86	151	− 103,680.7 ± 402,912.44	1.159	0.247	
Double	86	− 189,942.18 ± 565,674.53	118	− 311,437.95 ± 920,745.92	1.083	0.280	119	− 182,311.76 ± 748,104.78	103	− 95,433.15 ± 274,063.43	− 1.115	0.266	
Multiple	64	− 94,861.61 ± 388,677.88	90	− 162,047.38 ± 432,150.88	0.991	0.323	89	− 79,175.53 ± 324,979.16	77	− 55,075.06 ± 171,983.45	− 0.584	0.560	
Slope S-M (Hz/s)	Single	130	− 5,132.11 ± 469,415.76	178	− 10,348.38 ± 242,847.61	0.127	0.899	173	− 42,172.1 ± 325,913.7*	154	32,581.48 ± 338,176.18*	− 2.034	0.043	
Double	85	5,179.32 ± 54,268.93	119	45,252.06 ± 377,235.86	− 0.972	0.332	119	− 33,834.21 ± 980,782.41	104	10,345.3 ± 72,610.16	− 0.458	0.647	
Multiple	63	25,357.42 ± 197,497.6	89	424.63 ± 27,987.22	1.176	0.241	86	95,398.45 ± 838,470.75	77	4,385.96 ± 50,836.81	0.951	0.343	
Median f0 (Hz)	Single	133	157.99 ± 30.27	180	158.4 ± 37.09	− 0.105	0.917	180	155.72 ± 37.01	154	159.53 ± 41.65	− 0.885	0.377	
Double	87	154.37 ± 25.56	120	161.57 ± 34.27	− 1.654	0.100	120	160.2 ± 31.1	104	167.9 ± 38.21	− 1.663	0.098	
Multiple	64	156.52 ± 31.76	90	166.57 ± 34.01	− 1.859	0.065	90	157.52 ± 30.64*	78	170.76 ± 37.14*	− 2.531	0.012	
Duration (s)	Single	133	5.80 ± 0.77	180	5.67 ± 0.59	1.775	0.077	180	5.79 ± 0.96	154	5.96 ± 0.69	− 1.844	0.066	
Double	87	6.24 ± 0.61*	120	5.90 ± 0.63*	3.897	0.000	120	6.15 ± 1.06	104	6.39 ± 0.82	− 1.916	0.057	
Multiple	64	6.34 ± 1.15*	90	5.98 ± 0.93*	2.095	0.038	90	6.33 ± 1.34	78	6.29 ± 1.17	0.162	0.871	
HNR (Hz)	Single	133	− 5.93 ± 2.65	180	− 5.63 ± 2.64	− 0.976	0.330	180	− 5.81 ± 2.55	154	− 5.57 ± 2.92	− 0.794	0.428	
Double	87	− 5.92 ± 3.25	120	− 5.09 ± 3.41	− 1.779	0.077	120	− 5.38 ± 2.83	104	− 5.66 ± 2.39	0.792	0.429	
Multiple	64	− 5.51 ± 2.93	90	− 5.39 ± 3.05	− 0.247	0.805	90	− 5.61 ± 2.70	78	− 5.63 ± 2.85	0.048	0.962	
Jitter	Single	133	2.62E−03 ± 5.44E−04	180	2.51E−03 ± 4.46E−04	1.886	0.060	180	2.65E−03 ± 5.71E−04	154	2.68E−03 ± 3.82E−04	− 0.579	0.563	
Double	87	2.55E−03 ± 5.61E−04*	120	2.36E−03 ± 4.37E−04*	2.637	0.009	120	2.48E−03 ± 5.02E−04	104	2.48E−03 ± 3.23E−04	0.031	0.975	
Multiple	64	2.54E−03 ± 5.93E−04	90	2.44E−03 ± 5.25E−04	1.045	0.298	90	2.58E−03 ± 5.03E−04	78	2.53E−03 ± 4.56E−04	0.722	0.472	
Student's t-test, *P < 0.05.

n The number of sound clips.

Table 3 Regression analysis result of acoustic parameters among all participants.

Variables	Odds ratio	Std. Err	z	P	95% CI	
Age	1.013748	0.0076428	1.81	0.07	[0.9988786, 1.028839]	
Sex	0.6787941	0.0845371	− 3.11	0.002	[0.5317768, 0.8664566]	
Alcohol consumption	0.6615954	0.1423631	− 1.92	0.055	[0.43394, 1.008684]	
Smoking	2.852004	0.5308268	5.63	0	[1.980255, 4.107517]	
Education	1.030776	0.0281676	1.11	0.267	[0.9770207, 1.087489]	
Start f0 (Hz)	0.8132798	0.0968599	− 1.74	0.083	[0.6439671, 1.027108]	
Min f0 (Hz)	0.9224733	0.1121296	− 0.66	0.507	[0.7269214, 1.170631]	
Max f0 (Hz)	0.5067264	0.0590985	− 5.83	0	[0.4031805, 0.6368652]	
End f0 (Hz)	1.743581	0.202403	4.79	0	[1.388771, 2.189039]	
Slope S-M (Hz/s)	0.9341043	0.106015	− 0.6	0.548	[0.7478067, 1.166813]	
Median f0 (Hz)	1.685214	0.2169086	4.05	0	[1.309467, 2.16878]	
Duration (s)	0.7583914	0.0876285	− 2.39	0.017	[0.6047016, 0.9511427]	
HNR (Hz)	1.156047	0.1336188	1.25	0.21	[0.9217043, 1.449972]	
Jitter	0.9708554	0.1188046	− 0.24	0.809	[0.7638219, 1.234005]	

Table 4 Correlation between clinical severity of PD and acoustic parameters.

Acoustic parameters	Syllable	H&Y	UPDRS III	VHI-30	
R	P	R	P	R	P	
Start f0 (Hz)	Single	0.0363	0.5083	0.0734	0.1809	− 0.0134	0.8070	
Double	− 0.0080	0.9049	0.0934	0.1637	0.0186	0.7817	
Multiple	0.0533	0.4930	− 0.0274	0.7246	− 0.0307	0.6929	
Mean f0 (Hz)	Single	0.0878	0.1092	0.0557	0.3104	− 0.2435*	0.0000*	
Double	− 0.0382	0.5693	0.0738	0.2712	− 0.2198*	0.0009*	
Multiple	− 0.0513	0.5089	0.0425	0.5847	− 0.0778	0.3163	
Mid f0 (Hz)	Single	0.0264	0.6311	0.0760	0.1661	− 0.0422	0.4425	
Double	0.0396	0.5557	0.0464	0.4897	− 0.1512*	0.0236*	
Multiple	− 0.0678	0.3822	− 0.0564	0.4675	− 0.1295	0.0944	
Min f0 (Hz)	Single	0.0022	0.9686	0.0600	0.2742	− 0.0725	0.1861	
Double	0.0119	0.8593	0.0752	0.2623	− 0.0626	0.3510	
Multiple	− 0.0043	0.9561	0.1034	0.1823	− 0.1038	0.1805	
Max f0 (Hz)	Single	0.0357	0.5152	− 0.0102	0.8521	− 0.1485*	0.0066*	
Double	− 0.0540	0.4211	− 0.0563	0.4015	− 0.1444*	0.0308*	
Multiple	0.0776	0.3174	0.1400	0.0702	− 0.0985	0.2038	
End f0 (Hz)	Single	− 0.0368	0.5028	− 0.0914	0.0955	− 0.0835	0.1276	
Double	− 0.1361*	0.0419*	− 0.1021	0.1276	− 0.0976	0.1456	
Multiple	− 0.1744*	0.0238*	− 0.1175	0.1294	0.0262	0.7364	
Slope M-E (Hz/s)	Single	− 0.1083	0.0514	0.0051*	0.0032*	− 0.1576*	0.0045*	
Double	− 0.1078	0.1099	− 0.0783	0.2462	− 0.1429*	0.0337*	
Multiple	− 0.1245	0.1089	− 0.0602	0.4398	− 0.1244	0.1093	
Slope S-M (Hz/s)	Single	0.0757	0.1686	0.0051	0.9264	− 0.0988	0.0723	
Double	− 0.0110	0.8705	− 0.0335	0.6188	0.0679	0.3130	
Multiple	0.0656	0.4008	0.0951	0.2227	− 0.0195	0.8029	
Median f0 (Hz)	Single	0.1864*	0.0006*	0.1467*	0.0072*	− 0.2046*	0.0002*	
Double	0.0073	0.9138	0.1024	0.1266	− 0.2114*	0.0015*	
Multiple	0.0138	0.8591	0.0659	0.3957	− 0.1925*	0.0124*	
Duration (seconds)	Single	0.1839*	0.0007*	0.2111*	0.0001*	0.0035	0.9498	
Double	0.0744	0.2674	0.0846	0.2070	0.0593	0.3774	
Multiple	0.1342	0.0829	0.0834	0.2824	0.0544	0.4840	
HNR (Hz)	Single	− 0.0057	0.9179	− 0.0607	0.2690	0.0113	0.8373	
Double	0.0289	0.6665	0.0564	0.4007	0.0360	0.5922	
Multiple	− 0.0966	0.2130	− 0.1820*	0.0182*	− 0.0465	0.5495	
Jitter	Single	− 0.1686*	0.0020*	− 0.0373	0.4967	− 0.1150*	0.0357*	
Double	− 0.0609	0.3646	− 0.1048	0.1177	− 0.0995	0.1377	
Multiple	0.0402	0.6045	− 0.0316	0.6846	− 0.2080*	0.0068*	
Spearman analysis, *P < 0.05.
