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Blood Adv
Blood Adv
Blood Advances
2473-9529
2473-9537
The American Society of Hematology

S2473-9529(24)00411-7
10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013633
Research Letter
The American Society of Hematology Health Equity Compendium: examining health equity across the Blood journals
Fingrut Warren B. wbfingrut@mdanderson.org
12∗
Troyer James 1
Russell Eddrika 3
Aviles Melanie 4
Della-Moretta Sherraine 5
Dobson Dre’Von 6
Hasanali Zainul 7
Hu Bei 8
Lapite Ajibike 9
Pillai Pallavi M. 10
Schramm Joseph W. 11
Villagomez Lynda M. 12
Vo Phuong 1314
Wang’ondu Ruth 15
Yui Jennifer 16
Weyand Angela C. acweyand@med.umich.edu
17∗∗
1 Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
2 Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
3 American Society of Hematology, Washington, DC
4 New York City Health and Hospitals Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
5 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
6 Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
7 Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
8 Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Lymphoma Section, Atrium Health Levine Cancer Institute/Wake Forest Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
9 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX
10 Merck & Co, Inc, Rahway, NJ
11 Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA
12 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
13 Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
14 Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
15 Department of Pathology and Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
16 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
17 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
∗ Correspondence: Warren B. Fingrut, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcolmbe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030; wbfingrut@mdanderson.org
∗∗ Angela C. Weyand, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; acweyand@med.umich.edu
09 7 2024
10 9 2024
09 7 2024
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13 5 2024
20 6 2024
© 2024 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.
2024
The American Society of Hematology
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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pmcTO THE EDITOR:

Health equity is increasingly recognized as a critical priority throughout medicine. Through an initiative of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Health Equity Task Force, we set out to develop a compendium connecting health equity manuscripts published across Blood journals. Our goals were to gather published manuscripts together to highlight the important work being done related to health equity in hematology, note areas that would benefit from more attention, connect stakeholders, and inspire others to spearhead projects to characterize and address disparities.

To build the compendium, we systematically reviewed all articles published in Blood/Blood Advances/Hematology, ASH Education Program between January 2018 and June 2023, for which the full-length manuscript contained ≥1 health equity keyword (see Table 1). Manuscripts were eligible for inclusion if principally focused on health equity in hematology, for patients, blood/stem cell donors, or the workforce. We excluded papers on care delivery challenges/outcome differences for patients who are frail or those with high comorbidity burdens or high-risk disease features; understudied diseases (eg, sickle cell disease and amyloidosis) unless otherwise related to health equity; or global health (ie, care differences in lower/middle income countries). Two coauthors screened each article, with disagreements resolved by a third. For included articles, 2 coauthors extracted the following data, with disagreements resolved by a third: journal, publication year, topic, design, population, health disparities examined, disease site, and partnership with patient/community advocates (see supplemental Table 1 for a complete list of data extracted).Table 1. Health equity keywords used to identify articles for screening

Category	Keywords	
Overall	Disparities, disparity, “access to care,” “equality of outcomes,” equity, inequities, “social determinants of health,” underprivileged, underserved, “implicit bias,” “unconscious bias”	
Sex	Sexism	
Race/ethnicity	Minoritize, “underrepresented minorities,” racism	
Socioeconomic status	Poverty, “socioeconomic status,” “financial barriers,” “zip code,” “transportation barriers,” “lack of insurance,” uninsured, “health literacy”	
Sexual orientation/gender identity	LGBT, LGBTQ, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender	
Incarceration/legal history	Incarcerated	
Manuscript keyword search was performed by Blood family journal staff members.

Overall, the keyword search returned 1178 manuscripts. Of these, 1121 were determined to be ineligible, with 57 included in the compendium (https://ashpublications.org/collection/41840/Health-Equity-Compendium). Table 2 lists included manuscripts by topic. Supplemental Table 2 reports all data extracted.Table 2. Articles included in the ASH Health Equity Compendium, by manuscript topic

Authors	Journal	Year	Study summary	Study design	Study site	Disease	Disparities examined	SES measures	
Basic science correlates of disparities	
 Hu et al1	Blood	2018	Genetic determinants of racial disparities in vitamin B12 levels	Basic science	n/a	Hematopoiesis	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Qian et al2	Blood	2019	Genetic basis for racial disparities in ALL	Basic science	n/a	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Fillmore et al3	Blood Advances	2021	Genetic basis for racial disparities in multiple myeloma	Basic science	n/a	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Mittelman et al4	Blood	2021	Genetic basis for racial disparities in ALL	Basic science	n/a	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
Health equity in laboratory medicine	
 Merz et al5	Blood	2021	Appeal to stop labeling common phenotypes in non-White populations as abnormal	Perspective/editorial	n/a	Leukocytes, inflammation, immunology	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Merz et al6	Blood Advances	2023	Duffy-null phenotype is common among Black people and is associated with lower absolute neutrophil count	Prospective observational	Single center	Leukocytes, inflammation, immunology	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Bagheri et al7	Blood Advances	2023	Duffy-null phenotype is common among Black people and is associated with lower absolute neutrophil count	Retrospective	Single center	Leukocytes, inflammation, immunology	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
Disease phenotype and outcome differences by patient demographics	
 Østgård et al8	Blood	2018	Association between cohabitation status, treatment, and outcome in patients with AML	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	SES	Cohabitation, marital status	
 Goldstein et al9	Blood	2018	Disparities in survival by insurance status in follicular lymphoma	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	SES	Insurance status	
 Ailawadhi et al10	Blood Advances	2019	Racial disparities in treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with multiple myeloma	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Fillmore et al11	Blood	2019	Racial differences in survival among patients with multiple myeloma	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity, SES	Income	
 Zhang et al12	Blood Advances	2020	Impact of single parenthood on cardiopulmonary function in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia	Prospective observational	Multicenter	Red cell physiology and disorders	SES	Single-parent household	
 Kim et al13	Blood	2020	Racial differences in ITP prevalence and phenotype	Retrospective	Multicenter	Hemostasis, thrombosis, vascular wall biology	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Conneely et al14	Blood Advances	2021	Racial/ethnic disparities in clinical phenotype, genetics, and survival in pediatric AML	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Yao et al15	Blood Advances	2021	Disparities in skeletal toxicity among patients with childhood ALL	Retrospective	Single center	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Glimelius et al16	Blood Advances	2021	Marital status affects transplant access and survival for patients with mantel cell lymphoma	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	SES	Marital status	
 Bona et al17	Blood	2021	Neighborhood poverty and pediatric allogeneic transplant outcomes	Retrospective	Database	BMT and cell therapies	Race/ethnicity, SES	Neighborhood poverty, insurance status	
 Milrod et al18	Blood	2021	Skin hyperpigmentation in Black patients receiving treatment with immunomodulatory drugs	Retrospective	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Van der Meulen et al19	Hematology, ASH Education Program	2022	Review of the impact of von Willebrand disease on women	Review	n/a	Hemostasis, thrombosis, vascular wall biology	Gender	n/a	
 Peres et al20	Blood Advances	2022	Racial disparities in clonal hematopoiesis, tumor markers, and outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma	Retrospective	Single center	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Datta et al21	Blood Advances	2022	Racial disparities in cancer-associated thrombosis	Retrospective	Database	Hemostasis, thrombosis, vascular wall biology	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Faruqi et al22	Blood Advances	2022	Racial/ethnic disparities in CAR T-cell therapy outcomes	Retrospective	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Chaturvedi et al23	Blood	2022	Racial disparities in relapse risk and response to rituximab in patients with TTP	Retrospective	Multicenter	Hemostasis, thrombosis, vascular wall biology	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Abraham et al24	Blood	2022	Structural racism is a mediator of disparities in AML outcomes	Retrospective	Multicenter	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity, SES	Structural racism, insurance status	
 Kittai et al25	Blood Advances	2023	Racial and socioeconomic disparities in CLL/SLL	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity, SES	Neighborhood poverty	
 Larkin et al26	Blood Advances	2022	Racial disparities in early death rates, treatment resistance, and survival in Black adolescents and young adults with AML	Retrospective	Multicenter	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Gangat et al27	Blood Advances	2023	Racial disparities in myelofibrosis phenotype and survival	Retrospective	Multicenter	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Newman et al28	Blood	2023	Impact of poverty on outcomes for children treated with CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy	Retrospective	Single center	BMT and cell therapies	Race/ethnicity, SES	Neighborhood poverty, insurance status	
Access to care for underserved populations	
 Bhatt et al29	Blood Advances	2018	Socioeconomic status disparities in treatment patterns among patients with newly diagnosed AML	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity, SES	Insurance status, median household income	
 Husson et al30	Blood	2018	Review of unique barriers affecting care delivery and outcomes for adolescents and young adults with hematologic malignancies	Review	n/a	Hematologic malignancy	Age, SES	Education, employment, and financial challenges, social relationship	
 Keegan et al31	Hematology, ASH Education Program	2018	Disparities in clinical trial enrollments for adolescent patients	Review	n/a	n/a	Age, race/ethnicity, SES	Insurance status	
 Franceschi et al32	Blood	2019	Access to emergency departments for acute events and identification of sickle cell disease in refugees	Retrospective	Multicenter	Red cell physiology and disorders	Immigration status	n/a	
 Chino et al33	Blood Advances	2019	Disparities in place of death for patients with hematologic malignancies	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity, SES	Marital status, education level	
 Barker et al34	Blood Advances	2019	Racial disparities in access to HLA-matched unrelated donor transplants	Prospective observational	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Webb et al35	Hematology, ASH Education Program	2020	Review of the social aspects of chronic transfusion support	Review	n/a	n/a	SES	Social determinants of health, health literacy	
 Buchbinder et al36	Hematology, ASH Education Program	2021	Review of psychosocial and financial issues after hematopoietic cell transplantation	Review	n/a	BMT/cell therapies	SES	Social/financial barriers	
 Hong et al37	Hematology, ASH Education program	2021	Review of access to allogeneic transplantation according to race, geography, and socioeconomics	Review	n/a	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity, SES	Insurance, education, poverty, employment	
 Teichman et al38	Blood Advances	2021	Socioeconomic disparities in iron deficiency screening in pregnancy	Retrospective	Database	Red cell physiology and disorders	SES	Neighborhood poverty	
 Fingrut et al39	Blood Advances	2022	Racial disparities in access to optimal alternative donor allografts	Retrospective	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Hussaini et al40	Blood Advances	2022	Rural-urban disparities in place of death among patients with hematologic malignancies	Retrospective	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Geographic	n/a	
 Fingrut et al41	Blood Advances	2023	Racial disparities in time to allogeneic transplantation	Retrospective	Single center	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Wolfson et al42	Blood Advances	2023	Neighborhood poverty, health status, and health use after stem cell transplantation	Retrospective	Multicenter	BMT/cell therapies	SES	Neighborhood poverty, annual household income, education	
Diversity, equity, and inclusion in clinical trials enrollment	
 Hantel et al43	Blood Advances	2021	Racial/ethnic disparities in enrollment and demographic reporting requirements in acute leukemia clinical trials	Meta-analysis	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Kanapuru et al44	Blood Advances	2022	Racial/ethnic disparities in multiple myeloma US FDA approval trials	Meta-analysis	Database	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Muffly et al45	Blood Advances	2022	Disparities in trial enrollment and outcomes of Hispanic adolescent and young adult patients with ALL	Retrospective	Multicenter	Hematologic malignancy	Race/ethnicity, SES, geographic	Household income	
 Birhiray et al46	Blood Advances	2023	Practical strategies for creating diversity, equity, inclusion, and access in cancer clinical research	Perspective/editorial	n/a	n/a	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
Improving processes for the collection of data related to the social determinants of health	
 Fingrut et al47	Blood Advances	2023	Race/ethnicity and ancestry data collection process improvement	Retrospective	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Fingrut et al48	Blood Advances	2023	Socioeconomic status data collection process improvement	Retrospective	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity, SES	Neighborhood poverty, insurance status, receipt of financial support for medical or cost-of-living expenses	
Interventions to address equity issues	
 Chou et al49	Blood	2018	Investigation of RH-genotype matching to improve use of African-American blood donor inventory	Prospective observational	Single center	Transfusion medicine	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Barker et al50	Blood Advances	2020	Optimizing cord blood transplantation to extend allograft access	Retrospective	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Qayed et al51	Blood Advances	2022	Abatacept for GVHD prophylaxis can reduce racial disparities by abrogating the impact of mismatching in unrelated donor transplantation	Clinical trial	Multicenter	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
 Bashey et al52	Blood Advances	2023	Close integration of leukemia and transplant services and use of haploidentical donors improves allograft access, but caregiver requirements continue to limit access for Black patients	Retrospective	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	Lack of caregiver support	
 DeZern et al53	Blood	2023	Alternative donor BMT with posttransplant cyclophosphamide improves allograft access for patients with acquired severe aplastic anemia	Clinical trial	Single center	BMT/cell therapies	Race/ethnicity	n/a	
Workforce disparities	
 King et al54	Blood Advances	2020	Gender and caregiving disparities in academic success in hematology	Retrospective	n/a	n/a	Gender	n/a	
 Moazzam et al55	Blood Advances	2020	Gender disparities in question-asking at the 2019 ASH annual meeting	Retrospective	n/a	n/a	Gender	n/a	
 Syaj et al56	Blood Advances	2022	Gender disparities in heme/onc board review lecture series speakers	Retrospective	n/a	n/a	Gender	n/a	
 Jacobs et al57	Blood Advances	2023	Gender disparities in nontrainee hemostasis and thrombosis recognition award recipients	Retrospective	n/a	n/a	Gender	n/a	
ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; BMT, bone marrow transplant; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; GVHD, graft-versus-host disease; heme/onc, hematology/oncology; n/a, not applicable; SES, socioeconomic status; SLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma; TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Of 57 included manuscripts, 17 were published in Blood, 35 in Blood Advances, and 5 Hematology, ASH Education Program. These 57 articles reflect 0.67% of all articles published in these journals between January 2018 and November 2023. Compared with compendium articles published in Blood, those published in Blood Advances or Hematology, ASH Education Program made up nearly 3 times the proportion of all articles published in those journals during the search period (17/3160 [0.35%] vs 40/3565 [1.11%]; P < .001). Most manuscripts (n = 53) focused on patients, with 4 on the workforce and none about blood/stem cell donors. Eighteen included pediatric (n = 14) and/or adolescent/young adult (n = 7) patients, with 13 having a predominant pediatric focus. Most manuscripts (37/57, 65%) were retrospective, with only 6/57 (11%) being prospective observational studies (n = 4) or clinical trials (n = 2). Of 39 retrospective/prospective patient studies, 16 were single-center studies, 10 were multicenter studies, and 13 were database studies. Other manuscripts were basic science (n = 4), meta-analyses (n = 2), perspectives/editorials (n = 2), or reviews (n = 6). All but 5 manuscripts were conducted in, and/or focused on, the United States, with 1 each from Canada, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, and Britain. When analyzing by period, health equity–related outputs increased over time, with only one-third (19/57, 33%) of compendium articles published between January 2018 and December 2020 vs two-thirds (38/57, 67%) published between January 2021 and November 2023 (P = .012 by 1-sample proportion test). Compendium articles also made up >2× the proportion of all published manuscripts in these journals in the recent (January 2021 to November 2023: 38/4163, 0.91%) vs earlier (January 2018 to December 2020: 19/4305, 0.44%) periods (P = .008).

Classifying by topic, 4 manuscripts studied basic science correlates of disparities (all examining health impacts of population genetic differences). Three discussed laboratory hematology, all on structural racism in neutrophil reference ranges. Twenty-one reviewed disease phenotype/presentation, treatment patterns, and/or outcome differences by patient demographics. Fourteen characterized care delivery issues affecting underserved populations, including barriers to disease screening/diagnosis, therapies/transplantation, and emergency, follow-up, or palliative/hospice care. Four related to trial participation, including enrollment disparities, issues with reporting requirements, and barriers/facilitators for specific populations. Only 7 of 57 (12%) manuscripts outlined efforts to address disparities: 2 evaluated social determinant of health data collection process improvement (1 for patient race/ethnicity and ancestry, and 1 for socioeconomic status) and 5 reported interventions to advance equity (4 describing novel allograft platforms, and 1 outlining a transfusion medicine approach to address disparities). Four highlighted hematology workforce gender disparities in conference question-asking, academic awards, invited lectureships, and career success. None outlined educational initiatives.

By disease site, of 50 disease-related articles, most (38/50, 76%) examined hematologic malignancies (n = 23) or bone marrow transplant/cellular therapy (n = 15), with only 4 on hemostasis/thrombosis (1 cancer-associated thrombosis, 1 immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 1 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 1 von Willebrand disease), 3 leukocytes (all on Duffy-null–associated neutrophil count), 3 red cell physiology/disorders (2 sickle cell and 1 iron deficiency), 1 transfusion medicine, and 1 hematopoiesis.

Finally, with respect to health disparities examined, the majority of manuscripts (41/57, 72%) characterized racial/ethnic disparities, with 26 focusing on Black (n = 21) and/or Hispanic (n = 9) patients. Twenty articles related to socioeconomic status: 7 of 21 examined area-based measures (ie, neighborhood poverty), 13 of 21 examined individual financial barriers (insurance status and cost-of-living or medical expense financial support), and 10 of 21 examined individual social barriers (marital/cohabitation status, health literacy, caregivers, and educational attainment). Furthermore, 2 publications examined age (both regarding care delivery challenges affecting adolescent patients), 5 gender/parity (4 workforce and 1 bleeding disorders), 2 geographic, and 1 immigration status disparities. Only 12 of 57 (21%) publications considered intersectionality across multiple disparities. None focused on sexual and gender minorities, religion, disability, or incarceration/legal history, or described partnership with patient/community advocates to address disparities.

This compendium is, to our knowledge, the first of its kind in the literature. It highlights recent progress characterizing inequities and clarifies areas in which further study is especially warranted. Most manuscripts characterized racial/ethnic disparities for patients with hematologic malignancies or bone marrow transplant/cell therapy. Relatively few studied other underserved/underresourced populations or other disease sites, or piloted/evaluated interventions to mitigate disparities. Most did not consider intersectional impacts of multiple disparities, and none included explicit methodology outlining partnership with community/patient advocates. Our report highlights the need for works characterizing disparities across population demographics (incorporating consideration of the intersectional impacts of multiple disparities) and developing/testing interventions to address disparities in collaboration with patient/community advocates from the populations impacted.

Our analysis also highlights that, recently, nearly 1% of published works across the Blood journals relate to health equity. This finding can serve as benchmark for future comparisons of the proportion of health equity manuscripts published, within and across journals.

We acknowledge the important limitation that this compendium does not capture many important works in health equity in hematology published elsewhere, including on topics not yet covered in the Blood journals (eg, structural sexism in hematology58, 59, 60, language disparities61, advancing equity for LGBTQ+ peoples62,63) or covered only sparingly (eg, tools64/interventions65 to address disparities), or works conducted in partnership with patient/community advocates.66,67 Additionally, this compendium does not consider works in development (eg, conference abstracts calling attention to ongoing racial discrimination,68 evaluating disparities in understudied disease sites,69 granularly characterizing patient socioeconomic status,70,71 outlining health equity educational initiatives,72 or developing/testing interventions to address disparities73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78).

These limitations notwithstanding, the compendium (together with this analysis) will serve as an important tool to advance equity in hematology, by increasing dissemination/uptake of the latest advances in our understanding of disparities in hematology and how they can be addressed, and motivating researchers to study underexamined topics/diseases/populations. We commit to annual updates to include the lastest Blood journal health equity publications,79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 revising/expanding the keyword search as needed, with future iterations also including works published in Blood Neoplasia, Blood VTH, and all other forthcoming Blood journals. Finally, expanding on the work developing this compendium, we are currently conducting a scoping review89 to examine and classify health equity publications across the major hematology journals and meetings. This review will permit us to describe the body of health equity work in hematology (including works in development), comparing across journals/meetings, and strengthen our ability to identify understudied areas warranting greater attention.

Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Supplementary Material

Supplemental Tables

Acknowledgments: The authors thank the Blood/Blood Advances Editorial and Information Technology teams as well as the ASH Health Equity Task Force for their support.

Contribution: W.B.F. and A.C.W. cocurated the ASH Health Equity Compendium and designed the search strategy; W.B.F., M.A., S.D.-M., D.D., Z.H., B.H., A.L., P.M.P., J.W.S., L.M.V., P.V., R.W., J.Y., and A.C.W. developed the list of health equity keywords and screened articles for the compendium; W.B.F. and J.T. developed the data collection form and extracted data from included studies; W.B.F., J.T., and A.C.W. developed the search protocol for the ongoing scoping review; W.B.F. wrote the manuscript; and all authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Data related to the study are available on request from the corresponding authors, Warren B. Fingrut (wbfingrut@mdanderson.org) and Angela C. Weyand (acweyand@med.umich.edu).

The full-text version of this article contains a data supplement.
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