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medRxiv
MEDRXIV
medRxiv
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

10.1101/2024.09.02.24312939
preprint
2
Article
Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Epigenetic Age Acceleration: The Role of Adolescent Sleep Health
DiMarzio Karissa
Rojo-Wissar Darlynn M.
Hernandez Valencia Evelyn
Ver Pault Mikayla
Denherder Shane
Lopez Adamari
Lerch Jena
Metrailer Georgette
Merrill Sarah M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6939-5472

Highlander April
Parent Justin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-8188

05 9 2024
2024.09.02.24312939https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312939
nihpp-2024.09.02.24312939.pdf
Abstract

Study Objectives

We investigated how a dimension of early life adversity (ELA) capturing threat in the home relates to later epigenetic age acceleration in adolescence through sleep (duration, efficiency, and timing), to empirically test theoretical models suggesting the importance of sleep as a key mechanism linking ELA with poor health outcomes, and to expand the limited literature on sleep and epigenetic aging among youth.

Methods

We utilized data from 861 participants from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) who participated in the actigraphy sub study at age 15. Sleep variables used were average total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep onset timing. Home threat was determined at ages 3, 5, and 9 from parent reports on the Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-PC), and epigenetic aging was measured through DNA methylation analyses of saliva samples collected at age 15.

Results

Higher levels of childhood home threat exposure were associated with less adolescent TST, lower SE, and later sleep onset timing. Adolescent SE and timing were associated with a faster pace of aging and epigenetic age acceleration. Sleep efficiency and timing mediated the link between childhood home threat exposure and adolescent epigenetic aging.

Conclusions

Epigenetic embedding of childhood threat exposure in the home may occur through adversity-related sleep disturbances in adolescence. Findings warrant greater attention to pediatric sleep health in theoretical models of biological embedding of adversity and point to the examination of improving sleep health as a potential way to prevent adversity-related epigenetic age acceleration.

Statement of Significance

This study brings together two largely disparate bodies of literature on early life adversity and epigenetics and sleep and epigenetics. Findings advance knowledge on how adversity impacts specific aspects of sleep (duration, efficiency, and timing), and biological aging, offering potential pathways for mitigating long-term health risks associated with childhood adversity.
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