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bioRxiv
BIORXIV
bioRxiv
2692-8205
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

10.1101/2024.09.03.611095
preprint
1
Article
Multiomic Insights into Human Health: Gut Microbiomes of Hunter-Gatherer, Agropastoral, and Western Urban Populations
Singh Harinder
Wiscovitch-Russo Rosana
Kuelbs Claire
Espinoza Josh
Appel Amanda E.
Lyons Ruth J.
Vashee Sanjay
Förtsch Hagen E.A.
Foster Jerome E.
Ramdath Dan
Hayes Vanessa M.
Nelson Karen E.
Gonzalez-Juarbe Norberto
04 9 2024
2024.09.03.611095https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2024.09.03.611095
nihpp-2024.09.03.611095.pdf
Abstract

Societies with exposure to preindustrial diets exhibit improved markers of health. Our study used a comprehensive multi-omic approach to reveal that the gut microbiome of the Ju/’hoansi hunter-gatherers, one of the most remote KhoeSan groups, exhibit a higher diversity and richness, with an abundance of microbial species lost in the western population. The Ju/’hoansi microbiome showed enhanced global transcription and enrichment of complex carbohydrate metabolic and energy generation pathways. The Ju/’hoansi also show high abundance of short-chain fatty acids that are associated with health and optimal immune function. In contrast, these pathways and their respective species were found in low abundance or completely absent in Western populations. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolism pathways were observed prevalent in the Western population, associated with biomarkers of chronic inflammation. Our study provides the first in-depth multi-omic characterization of the Ju/’hoansi microbiome, revealing uncharacterized species and functional pathways that are associated with health.
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pmc
