PMID- 10588656
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000214
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1059-1524 (Print)
IS  - 1059-1524 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 12
DP  - 1999 Dec
TI  - Initiation of assembly of the cell envelope barrier structure of stratified
      squamous epithelia.
PG  - 4247-61
AB  - The cell envelope (CE) is a specialized structure that is important for barrier
      function in terminally differentiated stratified squamous epithelia. The CE is
      formed inside the plasma membrane and becomes insoluble as a result of
      cross-linking of constituent proteins by isopeptide bonds formed by
      transglutaminases. To investigate the earliest stages of assembly of the CE, we
      have studied human epidermal keratinocytes induced to terminally differentiate in
      submerged liquid culture as a model system for epithelia in general. CEs were
      harvested from 2-, 3-, 5-, or 7-d cultured cells and examined by 1) immunogold
      electron microscopy using antibodies to known CE or other junctional proteins and
      2) amino acid sequencing of cross-linked peptides derived by proteolysis of CEs. 
      Our data document that CE assembly is initiated along the plasma membrane between
      desmosomes by head-to-tail and head-to-head cross-linking of involucrin to itself
      and to envoplakin and perhaps periplakin. Essentially only one lysine and two
      glutamine residues of involucrin and two glutamines of envoplakin were used
      initially. In CEs of 3-d cultured cells, involucrin, envoplakin, and small
      proline-rich proteins were physically located at desmosomes and had become
      cross-linked to desmoplakin, and in 5-d CEs, these three proteins had formed a
      continuous layer extending uniformly along the cell periphery. By this time >15
      residues of involucrin were used for cross-linking. The CEs of 7-d cells contain 
      significant amounts of the protein loricrin, typically expressed at a later stage
      of CE assembly. Together, these data stress the importance of juxtaposition of
      membranes, transglutaminases, and involucrin and envoplakin in the initiation of 
      CE assembly of stratified squamous epithelia.
FAU - Steinert, P M
AU  - Steinert PM
AD  - Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal
      and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2752, 
      USA. pemast@helix.nih.gov
FAU - Marekov, L N
AU  - Marekov LN
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JT  - Molecular biology of the cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DSP protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Desmoplakins)
RN  - 0 (Epitopes)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (PPL protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Plakins)
RN  - 0 (Protein Precursors)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (envoplakin)
RN  - 0 (loricrin)
RN  - 60108-77-2 (involucrin)
RN  - 68238-35-7 (Keratins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cell Differentiation/physiology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Membrane/metabolism
MH  - Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins
MH  - Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Desmoplakins
MH  - Desmosomes/*metabolism
MH  - Epithelium/physiology
MH  - Epitopes
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Keratinocytes/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Keratins/metabolism
MH  - Membrane Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Immunoelectron
MH  - Plakins
MH  - Protein Precursors/metabolism
MH  - Proteins/metabolism
PMC - PMC25756
EDAT- 1999/12/10 09:00
MHDA- 2000/02/19 09:00
CRDT- 1999/12/10 09:00
PHST- 1999/12/10 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/02/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 1999/12/10 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1091/mbc.10.12.4247 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Dec;10(12):4247-61. doi: 10.1091/mbc.10.12.4247.