PMID- 10569786
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991220
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0019-9567 (Print)
IS  - 0019-9567 (Linking)
VI  - 67
IP  - 12
DP  - 1999 Dec
TI  - Peptide localization and gene structure of cryptdin 4, a differentially expressed
      mouse paneth cell alpha-defensin.
PG  - 6643-51
AB  - Paneth cells in crypts of the small intestine express antimicrobial peptides,
      including alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins in mice. Of the known Paneth cell
      alpha-defensins, the cryptdin 4 gene is unique, because it is inactive in the
      duodenum and expressed at maximal levels in the distal small bowel (D. Darmoul
      and A. J. Ouellette, Am. J. Physiol. 271:G68-G74, 1996). With a cryptdin
      4-specific antibody, immunohistochemical staining of ileal Paneth cells was
      strong and specific for cytoplasmic granules, demonstrating that this
      microbicidal peptide is a secretory product of Paneth cells in the distal small
      intestine. Consistent with the pattern of cryptdin 4 mRNA distribution along the 
      length of the gut, the cryptdin 4 peptide was not detected in duodenum.
      Structurally, the cryptdin 4 gene resembles other Paneth cell alpha-defensin
      genes. Its two exons, transcriptional start site, intron, splice sites, and 3'
      flanking sequences are characteristic of the highly conserved mouse
      alpha-defensin genes. However, in the region upstream of the transcriptional
      initiation site, the cryptdin 4 gene contains a repeated 130-bp element that is
      unique to this alpha-defensin gene. Every independent cryptdin 4 genomic clone
      examined carries the repeated element, which contains putative recognition
      sequences for TF-IID-EIIA, cMyc-RS-1, and IgHC.2/CuE1.1; the repeat proximal to
      the start of transcription replaces DNA at the corresponding position in other
      mouse alpha-defensin genes. We speculate that this unique duplicated element may 
      have a cis-acting regulatory role in the positional specificity of cryptdin 4
      gene expression.
FAU - Ouellette, A J
AU  - Ouellette AJ
AD  - Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine,
      California 92697, USA. aouellet@uci.edu
FAU - Darmoul, D
AU  - Darmoul D
FAU - Tran, D
AU  - Tran D
FAU - Huttner, K M
AU  - Huttner KM
FAU - Yuan, J
AU  - Yuan J
FAU - Selsted, M E
AU  - Selsted ME
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF178040
SI  - GENBANK/AF178041
SI  - GENBANK/AF178042
SI  - GENBANK/AF178043
SI  - GENBANK/AF178044
GR  - DK33506/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI022931/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI22931/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 DK033506/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK044632/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DK44632/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 AI022931/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Infect Immun
JT  - Infection and immunity
JID - 0246127
RN  - 0 (Protein Precursors)
RN  - 120668-29-3 (cryptdin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Intestine, Small/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Paneth Cells/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Precursors/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
PMC - PMC97078
EDAT- 1999/11/24 00:00
MHDA- 1999/11/24 00:01
CRDT- 1999/11/24 00:00
PHST- 1999/11/24 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/11/24 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/11/24 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Infect Immun. 1999 Dec;67(12):6643-51.