PMID- 10493779
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991004
LR  - 20071114
IS  - 1090-0535 (Electronic)
IS  - 1090-0535 (Linking)
VI  - 5
DP  - 1999 Sep 15
TI  - Mouse fundus photography and angiography: a catalogue of normal and mutant
      phenotypes.
PG  - 22
AB  - PURPOSE: Mice are an increasingly important tool in ophthalmic research. As a
      result of studying spontaneous and induced mutations, many new ocular diseases
      have been described in mice in recent years, including several degenerative
      retinal diseases that demonstrate progression with age. Clearly, documentation of
      progressive changes in clinical phenotype is an important facet of characterizing
      new mutations and for comparing them with human diseases. Despite these facts,
      there are few published photographs of mouse fundi. The small size of the mouse
      eye and the steep curvature of its structures have made it difficult to obtain
      high quality fundus photographs. The purpose of this work was to develop
      procedures for mouse fundus photography and angiography and to use these
      techniques to examine several new mouse strains with ocular abnormalities.
      METHODS: We have used a small animal fundus camera and condensing lens to develop
      a reliable technique for producing high quality fundus images of conscious albino
      and pigmented mice. The fundus camera also was utilized to develop a method for
      fluorescein angiography, which demonstrated the normal retinal vascular bed as
      well as abnormal vascular leakage. In addition, several mouse strains with
      previously unreported ocular abnormalities (including two with inherited optic
      nerve colobomas) and a catalogue of previously unpublished clinical images for
      various mutant mice are presented. RESULTS: Altogether, we provide clinical
      images for C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ, retinal degeneration 1 (rd1), Rd2, rd3, rd7,
      achondroplasia, nervous, motor neuron degeneration, Purkinje cell degeneration,
      kidney and retinal defects, optic nerve coloboma 1, and two apparently multigenic
      optic nerve colobomas in a strain of mixed derivation (ONC) and the inbred
      CALB/Rk strain. CONCLUSIONS: Our photography procedure reliably produces high
      quality images of the mouse fundus. This permitted us to record progressive
      retinal changes over time in the same animal, allowed us to compare the
      phenotypes of newly discovered retinal mutants to existing mutants at other
      institutions and to potentially similar human conditions, and finally, permitted 
      us to produce a catalogue of previously unpublished clinical phenotypes for
      various mutant mice.
FAU - Hawes, N L
AU  - Hawes NL
AD  - The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
FAU - Smith, R S
AU  - Smith RS
FAU - Chang, B
AU  - Chang B
FAU - Davisson, M
AU  - Davisson M
FAU - Heckenlively, J R
AU  - Heckenlively JR
FAU - John, S W
AU  - John SW
LA  - eng
GR  - CA34196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EY07758/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 19990915
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Vis
JT  - Molecular vision
JID - 9605351
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Fluorescein Angiography/*methods
MH  - *Fundus Oculi
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Inbred Strains
MH  - *Ophthalmoscopes
MH  - Photography/*methods
MH  - Retinal Vessels/*anatomy & histology
EDAT- 1999/09/24 00:00
MHDA- 1999/09/24 00:01
CRDT- 1999/09/24 00:00
PHST- 1999/09/24 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/09/24 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/09/24 00:00 [entrez]
PST - epublish
SO  - Mol Vis. 1999 Sep 15;5:22.