PMID- 10473623
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991007
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0021-9258 (Print)
IS  - 0021-9258 (Linking)
VI  - 274
IP  - 37
DP  - 1999 Sep 10
TI  - The role of FAST-1 and Smads in transcriptional regulation by activin during
      early Xenopus embryogenesis.
PG  - 26584-90
AB  - Smads are signal transducers for the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily 
      of factors. In early Xenopus embryos, the transforming growth factor-beta member 
      activin induces the gene Mix.2 by stimulating the formation of a multiprotein
      complex, activin-responsive factor (ARF). This complex contains Smad2 or Smad3,
      Smad4, and a novel forkhead transcription factor, FAST-1, and binds to an
      enhancer (activin-responsive element; ARE) that confers activin regulation of
      Mix.2 transcription. Both FAST-1 and Smads can bind directly to the ARE; we have 
      investigated 1) the role of FAST-1 and Smad DNA binding sites in ARF recognition 
      of the ARE, 2) the contributions of FAST-1 and Smad binding to ARF binding in
      vitro and to ARE regulation in early Xenopus embryos, 3) the extent to which
      different Smads can replace Smad4 in regulation of the ARE. We find that ARF
      binds to ARE through both FAST-1 and Smad binding sites. FAST-1 recognition of
      the ARE is essential both for ARF binding in vitro and activin regulation in
      vivo. In contrast, Smad binding of ARE is unnecessary for ARF binding or activin 
      regulation but does enhance the binding and regulatory activity of ARF. Also,
      Smad3 can partially substitute for Smad4 in the regulation of the ARE. These
      observations elucidate how broadly expressed signal transducers (Smads) regulate 
      a developmentally specific transcriptional response in conjunction with a
      temporally restricted transcription factor, FAST-1.
FAU - Yeo, C Y
AU  - Yeo CY
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical
      Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
FAU - Chen, X
AU  - Chen X
FAU - Whitman, M
AU  - Whitman M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Biol Chem
JT  - The Journal of biological chemistry
JID - 2985121R
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (FOXH1 protein, Xenopus)
RN  - 0 (Forkhead Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Foxh1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Growth Factors)
RN  - 0 (Smad Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Smad2 Protein)
RN  - 0 (Smad2 protein, Xenopus)
RN  - 0 (Smad3 Protein)
RN  - 0 (Smad4 Protein)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Xenopus Proteins)
RN  - 0 (madh3 protein, Xenopus)
RN  - 0 (smad4.1 protein, Xenopus)
RN  - 0 (smad4.2 protein, Xenopus)
RN  - 104625-48-1 (Activins)
RN  - 57285-09-3 (Inhibins)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Activins
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - DNA/metabolism
MH  - DNA Methylation
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
MH  - Embryonic Development
MH  - Forkhead Transcription Factors
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*physiology
MH  - Inhibins/*physiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nerve Growth Factors
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Smad Proteins
MH  - Smad2 Protein
MH  - Smad3 Protein
MH  - Smad4 Protein
MH  - Trans-Activators/*metabolism
MH  - Transcription Factors/*metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/physiology
MH  - Xenopus/embryology
MH  - *Xenopus Proteins
EDAT- 1999/09/03 00:00
MHDA- 1999/09/03 00:01
CRDT- 1999/09/03 00:00
PHST- 1999/09/03 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/09/03 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/09/03 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1074/jbc.274.37.26584 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 10;274(37):26584-90. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.37.26584.