PMID- 10444326
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991130
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0888-7543 (Print)
IS  - 0888-7543 (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 3
DP  - 1999 Aug 1
TI  - Endogenous retroviruses provide the primary polyadenylation signal for two new
      human genes (HHLA2 and HHLA3).
PG  - 255-63
AB  - By screening the expressed sequence tag (EST) database, we identified transcripts
      of two new human genes that are polyadenylated within a long terminal repeat
      (LTR) of the HERV-H endogenous retrovirus family. The first gene, termed HHLA2,
      is represented by two EST clones and one cDNA clone, all of which have a
      polyadenylated LTR as their 3' end. The gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of
      414 amino acids with three immunoglobulin-like domains and is expressed primarily
      in intestinal tissues, kidney, and lung. Seven small EST clones from several
      different tissues were found for the second gene, termed HHLA3. As with HHLA2,
      all HHLA3 ESTs utilized a HERV-H LTR as the polyadenylation signal. Three types
      of alternatively spliced HHLA3 transcripts that could encode proteins of 76, 121,
      or 153 amino acids were detected. Interestingly, the ORF for two of these
      transcripts continues into the LTR. For both HHLA2 and 3, no major human
      transcripts that utilized a non-LTR polyadenylation signal were detected.
      Analysis of RNA from baboon, which lacks the LTRs at these genomic loci, showed
      that the baboon HHLA2 and 3 genes use other polyadenylation signals. This study
      demonstrates that ancient retroviral insertions have assumed gene regulatory
      functions during the course of human evolution.
CI  - Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
FAU - Mager, D L
AU  - Mager DL
AD  - British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Medical Genetics, University of 
      British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. dixie@interchange.ubc.ca
FAU - Hunter, D G
AU  - Hunter DG
FAU - Schertzer, M
AU  - Schertzer M
FAU - Freeman, J D
AU  - Freeman JD
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF126162
SI  - GENBANK/AF126163
SI  - GENBANK/AF126164
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Genomics
JT  - Genomics
JID - 8800135
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (HHLA2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (HHLA3 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulins)
RN  - 24937-83-5 (Poly A)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Line, Transformed
MH  - DNA, Complementary
MH  - Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics
MH  - Expressed Sequence Tags
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - *Genes, Immunoglobulin
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulins/*genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Papio
MH  - *Poly A
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Terminal Repeat Sequences
EDAT- 1999/08/13 00:00
MHDA- 1999/08/13 00:01
CRDT- 1999/08/13 00:00
PHST- 1999/08/13 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/08/13 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/08/13 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1006/geno.1999.5877 [doi]
AID - S0888-7543(99)95877-9 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genomics. 1999 Aug 1;59(3):255-63. doi: 10.1006/geno.1999.5877.