PMID- 10398804
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990907
LR  - 20190831
IS  - 0093-7711 (Print)
IS  - 0093-7711 (Linking)
VI  - 49
IP  - 9
DP  - 1999 Aug
TI  - Origins of immunity: transcription factors and homologues of effector genes of
      the vertebrate immune system expressed in sea urchin coelomocytes.
PG  - 773-86
AB  - Echinoderms share common ancestry with the chordates within the deuterostome
      clade. Molecular features that are shared between their immune systems and that
      of mammals thus illuminate the basal genetic framework on which these immune
      systems have been constructed during evolution. The immune effector cells of sea 
      urchins are the coelomocytes, whose primary function is protection against
      invasive marine pathogens; here we identify six genes expressed in coelomocytes, 
      homologues of which are also expressed in cells of the mammalian immune system.
      Three coelomocyte genes reported here encode transcription factors. These are an 
      NFKB homologue (SpNFKB); a GATA-2/3 homologue (SpGATAc); and a runt domain factor
      (SpRunt-1). All three of these coelomocyte genes respond sharply to bacterial
      challenge: SpNFKB and SpRunt-1 genes are rapidly up-regulated, while transcripts 
      of SpGATAc factor disappear within hours of injection of bacteria. Sham injection
      also activates SpNFKB and SpRunt, though with slower kinetics, but does not
      affect SpGATAc levels. Another gene, SpHS, encodes a protein related to the
      signal transduction intermediate HS1 of lymphoid cells. Two other newly
      discovered genes, SpSRCR1 and SpSRCR5, encode proteins featuring SRCR repeats.
      These genes are members of a complex family of SRCR genes all expressed
      specifically in coelomocytes. The SRCR repeats most closely resemble those of
      mammalian macrophage scavenger receptors. Remarkably, each individual sea urchin 
      expresses a specific pattern of SRCR genes. Our results imply some shared immune 
      functions and more generally, a shared regulatory architecture which underlies
      immune system gene expression in all deuterostomes. We conclude that the
      vertebrate immune system has evolved by inserting new genes into old gene
      regulatory networks dedicated to immunity.
FAU - Pancer, Z
AU  - Pancer Z
AD  - Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
      91125, USA.
FAU - Rast, J P
AU  - Rast JP
FAU - Davidson, E H
AU  - Davidson EH
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF064258
SI  - GENBANK/AF064259
SI  - GENBANK/AF064260
SI  - GENBANK/AF076513
SI  - GENBANK/AF076514
SI  - GENBANK/AF076515
SI  - GENBANK/AF077674
SI  - GENBANK/AF077675
GR  - GM-18478/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD-07257/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K07-AG00608/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Immunogenetics
JT  - Immunogenetics
JID - 0420404
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Lipoprotein)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Scavenger)
RN  - 0 (Scarb1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Scavenger Receptors, Class B)
RN  - 0 (SpRunt-1 protein, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - EC 2.7.- (Phosphotransferases)
RN  - EC 2.7.3.- (SphS protein, Synechococcus sp.)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity/*physiology
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - *Membrane Proteins
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Phosphotransferases
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
MH  - *Receptors, Lipoprotein
MH  - Receptors, Scavenger
MH  - Scavenger Receptors, Class B
MH  - Sea Urchins/cytology/genetics/immunology
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Signal Transduction/genetics
MH  - Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics
EDAT- 1999/07/10 00:00
MHDA- 1999/07/10 00:01
CRDT- 1999/07/10 00:00
PHST- 1999/07/10 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/07/10 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/07/10 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 90490773.251 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s002510050551 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Immunogenetics. 1999 Aug;49(9):773-86. doi: 10.1007/s002510050551.