PMID- 10318933
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990617
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0027-8424 (Print)
IS  - 0027-8424 (Linking)
VI  - 96
IP  - 10
DP  - 1999 May 11
TI  - An imprinted, mammalian bicistronic transcript encodes two independent proteins.
PG  - 5616-21
AB  - Polycistronic transcripts are common in prokaryotes but rare in eukaryotes.
      Phylogenetic analysis of the SNRPN (SmN) mRNA in five eutherian mammals reveals a
      second highly conserved coding sequence, termed SNURF (SNRPN upstream reading
      frame). The vast majority of nucleotide substitutions in SNURF occur in the
      wobble codon position, providing strong evolutionary evidence for selection for
      protein-coding function. Because SNURF-SNRPN maps to human chromosome 15q11-q13
      and is paternally expressed, each cistron is a candidate for a role in the
      imprinted Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and PWS mouse models. SNURF encodes a
      highly basic 71-aa protein that is nuclear-localized (as is SmN). Because SNURF
      is the only protein-coding sequence within the imprinting regulatory region in
      15q11-q13, it may have provided the original selection for imprinting in this
      domain. Whereas some human tissues express a minor SNURF-only transcript, mouse
      tissues express only the bicistronic Snurf-Snrpn transcript. We show that both
      SNURF and SNRPN are translated in normal, but not PWS, human, and mouse tissues
      and cell lines. These findings identify SNURF as a protein that is produced along
      with SmN from a bicistronic transcript; polycistronic mRNAs therefore are encoded
      in mammalian genomes where they may form functional operons.
FAU - Gray, T A
AU  - Gray TA
AD  - Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and
      Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
FAU - Saitoh, S
AU  - Saitoh S
FAU - Nicholls, R D
AU  - Nicholls RD
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF101040
SI  - GENBANK/AF101041
SI  - GENBANK/AF101042
SI  - GENBANK/AF101043
SI  - GENBANK/AF101044
GR  - GM18306/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD36079/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD31491/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - F32 GM018306/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HD031491/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (Autoantigens)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (SNRPN protein, human)
RN  - 0 (SNURF protein, human)
RN  - 0 (SNURF protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (SNURF protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (snRNP Core Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.3.2.27 (Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases)
SB  - IM
SB  - S
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autoantigens/genetics
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Conserved Sequence
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Genes/*genetics
MH  - Genomic Imprinting/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Nuclear Proteins
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Prader-Willi Syndrome/genetics
MH  - Proteins/*genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics
MH  - *Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
MH  - snRNP Core Proteins
PMC - PMC21909
EDAT- 1999/05/13 00:00
MHDA- 1999/05/13 00:01
CRDT- 1999/05/13 00:00
PHST- 1999/05/13 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/05/13 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/05/13 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5616 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 11;96(10):5616-21. doi:
      10.1073/pnas.96.10.5616.