ID XPP2_HUMAN Reviewed; 674 AA. AC O43895; A0AV16; O75994; DT 15-NOV-2002, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 15-NOV-2002, sequence version 3. DT 13-FEB-2019, entry version 156. DE RecName: Full=Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2; DE EC=3.4.11.9 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; DE AltName: Full=Aminoacylproline aminopeptidase; DE AltName: Full=Membrane-bound aminopeptidase P; DE Short=Membrane-bound APP; DE Short=Membrane-bound AmP; DE Short=mAmP; DE AltName: Full=X-Pro aminopeptidase 2; DE Flags: Precursor; GN Name=XPNPEP2; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RC TISSUE=Kidney, and Lung; RX PubMed=9375790; DOI=10.1016/S0167-4781(97)00126-7; RA Venema R.C., Ju H., Zou R., Venema V.J., Ryan J.W.; RT "Cloning and tissue distribution of human membrane-bound RT aminopeptidase P."; RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1354:45-48(1997). RN [2] RP SEQUENCE REVISION. RA Sprinkle T.J.C., Venema R.C., Ju H., Zou R., Venema V.J., Ryan J.W.; RL Submitted (SEP-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RA Ryan J.W., Jin L., Horvath I., Sprinkle T.J.C.; RT "Human membrane-bound aminopeptidase P genomic DNA."; RL Submitted (OCT-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=15772651; DOI=10.1038/nature03440; RA Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D., RA Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., RA Lovell F.L., Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., RA Jones M.C., Hurles M.E., Andrews T.D., Scott C.E., Searle S., RA Ramser J., Whittaker A., Deadman R., Carter N.P., Hunt S.E., Chen R., RA Cree A., Gunaratne P., Havlak P., Hodgson A., Metzker M.L., RA Richards S., Scott G., Steffen D., Sodergren E., Wheeler D.A., RA Worley K.C., Ainscough R., Ambrose K.D., Ansari-Lari M.A., Aradhya S., RA Ashwell R.I., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Ballabio A., Banerjee R., RA Barker G.E., Barlow K.F., Barrett I.P., Bates K.N., Beare D.M., RA Beasley H., Beasley O., Beck A., Bethel G., Blechschmidt K., Brady N., RA Bray-Allen S., Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J., Brown M.J., Bonnin D., RA Bruford E.A., Buhay C., Burch P., Burford D., Burgess J., Burrill W., RA Burton J., Bye J.M., Carder C., Carrel L., Chako J., Chapman J.C., RA Chavez D., Chen E., Chen G., Chen Y., Chen Z., Chinault C., RA Ciccodicola A., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., RA Clerc-Blankenburg K., Clifford K., Cobley V., Cole C.G., Conquer J.S., RA Corby N., Connor R.E., David R., Davies J., Davis C., Davis J., RA Delgado O., Deshazo D., Dhami P., Ding Y., Dinh H., Dodsworth S., RA Draper H., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunham A., Dunn M., Durbin K.J., Dutta I., RA Eades T., Ellwood M., Emery-Cohen A., Errington H., Evans K.L., RA Faulkner L., Francis F., Frankland J., Fraser A.E., Galgoczy P., RA Gilbert J., Gill R., Gloeckner G., Gregory S.G., Gribble S., RA Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gu Y., Gwilliam R., Hamilton C., Hart E.A., RA Hawes A., Heath P.D., Heitmann K., Hennig S., Hernandez J., RA Hinzmann B., Ho S., Hoffs M., Howden P.J., Huckle E.J., Hume J., RA Hunt P.J., Hunt A.R., Isherwood J., Jacob L., Johnson D., Jones S., RA de Jong P.J., Joseph S.S., Keenan S., Kelly S., Kershaw J.K., Khan Z., RA Kioschis P., Klages S., Knights A.J., Kosiura A., Kovar-Smith C., RA Laird G.K., Langford C., Lawlor S., Leversha M., Lewis L., Liu W., RA Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loulseged H., Loveland J.E., Lovell J.D., RA Lozado R., Lu J., Lyne R., Ma J., Maheshwari M., Matthews L.H., RA McDowall J., McLaren S., McMurray A., Meidl P., Meitinger T., RA Milne S., Miner G., Mistry S.L., Morgan M., Morris S., Mueller I., RA Mullikin J.C., Nguyen N., Nordsiek G., Nyakatura G., O'dell C.N., RA Okwuonu G., Palmer S., Pandian R., Parker D., Parrish J., RA Pasternak S., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Pearson D.M., Pelan S.E., RA Perez L., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., Reichwald K., Rhodes S., RA Ridler K.A., Schlessinger D., Schueler M.G., Sehra H.K., RA Shaw-Smith C., Shen H., Sheridan E.M., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., RA Smith M.L., Sotheran E.C., Steingruber H.E., Steward C.A., Storey R., RA Swann R.M., Swarbreck D., Tabor P.E., Taudien S., Taylor T., RA Teague B., Thomas K., Thorpe A., Timms K., Tracey A., Trevanion S., RA Tromans A.C., d'Urso M., Verduzco D., Villasana D., Waldron L., RA Wall M., Wang Q., Warren J., Warry G.L., Wei X., West A., RA Whitehead S.L., Whiteley M.N., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., RA Williams G., Williams L., Williamson A., Williamson H., Wilming L., RA Woodmansey R.L., Wray P.W., Yen J., Zhang J., Zhou J., Zoghbi H., RA Zorilla S., Buck D., Reinhardt R., Poustka A., Rosenthal A., RA Lehrach H., Meindl A., Minx P.J., Hillier L.W., Willard H.F., RA Wilson R.K., Waterston R.H., Rice C.M., Vaudin M., Coulson A., RA Nelson D.L., Weinstock G., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., RA Gibbs R.A., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R.; RT "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome."; RL Nature 434:325-337(2005). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Colon; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA RT project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [6] RP INVOLVEMENT IN AEACEI. RX PubMed=16175507; DOI=10.1086/496899; RA Duan Q.L., Nikpoor B., Dube M.P., Molinaro G., Meijer I.A., Dion P., RA Rochefort D., Saint-Onge J., Flury L., Brown N.J., Gainer J.V., RA Rouleau J.L., Agostoni A., Cugno M., Simon P., Clavel P., Potier J., RA Wehbe B., Benarbia S., Marc-Aurele J., Chanard J., Foroud T., Adam A., RA Rouleau G.A.; RT "A variant in XPNPEP2 is associated with angioedema induced by RT angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors."; RL Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77:617-626(2005). RN [7] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, ACTIVITY REGULATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL RP PROPERTIES, AND GLYCOSYLATION. RX PubMed=15361070; DOI=10.1042/BJ20040849; RA Molinaro G., Carmona A.K., Juliano M.A., Juliano L., Malitskaya E., RA Yessine M.A., Chagnon M., Lepage Y., Simmons W.H., Boileau G., RA Adam A.; RT "Human recombinant membrane-bound aminopeptidase P: production of a RT soluble form and characterization using novel, internally quenched RT fluorescent substrates."; RL Biochem. J. 385:389-397(2005). RN [8] RP INVOLVEMENT IN AEACEI. RX PubMed=20625347; DOI=10.1097/FPC.0b013e32833d3acb; RA Woodard-Grice A.V., Lucisano A.C., Byrd J.B., Stone E.R., RA Simmons W.H., Brown N.J.; RT "Sex-dependent and race-dependent association of XPNPEP2 C-2399A RT polymorphism with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated RT angioedema."; RL Pharmacogenet. Genomics 20:532-536(2010). RN [9] RP INVOLVEMENT IN AEACEI, AND VARIANTS ILE-215; ILE-223 AND ASN-232. RX PubMed=21898657; DOI=10.1002/humu.21579; RA Cilia La Corte A.L., Carter A.M., Rice G.I., Duan Q.L., Rouleau G.A., RA Adam A., Grant P.J., Hooper N.M.; RT "A functional XPNPEP2 promoter haplotype leads to reduced plasma RT aminopeptidase P and increased risk of ACE inhibitor-induced RT angioedema."; RL Hum. Mutat. 32:1326-1331(2011). CC -!- FUNCTION: Membrane-bound metalloprotease which catalyzes the CC removal of a penultimate prolyl residue from the N-termini of CC peptides, such as Arg-Pro-Pro. May play a role in the metabolism CC of the vasodilator bradykinin. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=Release of any N-terminal amino acid, including proline, CC that is linked to proline, even from a dipeptide or tripeptide.; CC EC=3.4.11.9; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q95333}; CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Inhibited by apstatin and the chelating agent CC 1,10-phenanthroline. Also inhibited by high concentrations of CC Zn(2+). Not significantly inhibited by bestatin or phosphoramidon. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}. CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=0.837 mM for Arg-Pro-Pro {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; CC KM=75 uM for Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg (bradykinin) CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; CC KM=56 uM for Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe (bradykinin[1-8]) CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; CC KM=18 uM for synthetic fluorescent substrate Lys(Dnp)-Pro-Pro- CC Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Lys(Abz)NH(2) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; CC KM=20 uM for synthetic fluorescent substrate Lys(Dnp)-Pro-Pro- CC Gly-Lys(Abz)NH(2) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; CC KM=19 uM for synthetic fluorescent substrate Lys(Dnp)-Pro-Pro- CC Lys(Abz)NH(2) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; CC pH dependence: CC Optimum pH is 7.4. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}; CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q95333}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q95333}; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q95333}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in kidney, lung, heart, placenta, CC liver, small intestine and colon. No expression in brain, skeletal CC muscle, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis and ovary. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9375790}. CC -!- PTM: N-glycosylated. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15361070}. CC -!- DISEASE: Angioedema induced by ACE inhibitors (AEACEI) CC [MIM:300909]: A potentially life-threatening side effect of ACE CC inhibitors that appears in a subset of patients taking these drugs CC for hypertension and cardiovascular disease treatment. AEACEI is CC characterized by swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and airway CC that can lead to suffocation and death if severe. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16175507, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20625347, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21898657}. Note=Disease susceptibility is CC associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this CC entry. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M24B family. {ECO:0000305}. CC ----------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; U90724; AAB96394.2; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AF195953; AAG28480.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AL023653; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC126174; AAI26175.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS14613.1; -. DR RefSeq; NP_003390.4; NM_003399.5. DR UniGene; Hs.170499; -. DR ProteinModelPortal; O43895; -. DR SMR; O43895; -. DR IntAct; O43895; 1. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000360147; -. DR BindingDB; O43895; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL4610; -. DR GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY; 1579; -. DR MEROPS; M24.005; -. DR iPTMnet; O43895; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; O43895; -. DR BioMuta; XPNPEP2; -. DR EPD; O43895; -. DR jPOST; O43895; -. DR PaxDb; O43895; -. DR PeptideAtlas; O43895; -. DR PRIDE; O43895; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 49219; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000371106; ENSP00000360147; ENSG00000122121. DR GeneID; 7512; -. DR KEGG; hsa:7512; -. DR UCSC; uc004eut.2; human. DR CTD; 7512; -. DR DisGeNET; 7512; -. DR EuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000122121.10; -. DR GeneCards; XPNPEP2; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:12823; XPNPEP2. DR HPA; CAB025136; -. DR HPA; CAB025269; -. DR HPA; HPA000339; -. DR MalaCards; XPNPEP2; -. DR MIM; 300145; gene. DR MIM; 300909; phenotype. DR neXtProt; NX_O43895; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000122121; -. DR Orphanet; 100057; Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-blocker-induced angioedema. DR PharmGKB; PA37416; -. DR eggNOG; KOG2413; Eukaryota. DR eggNOG; COG0006; LUCA. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000157196; -. DR HOGENOM; HOG000255713; -. DR HOVERGEN; HBG002934; -. DR InParanoid; O43895; -. DR KO; K14208; -. DR OMA; PVMVTKA; -. DR OrthoDB; 1247045at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; O43895; -. DR TreeFam; TF314183; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-163125; Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins. DR GeneWiki; XPNPEP2; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 7512; -. DR PRO; PR:O43895; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome X. DR Bgee; ENSG00000122121; Expressed in 98 organ(s), highest expression level in jejunal mucosa. DR ExpressionAtlas; O43895; baseline and differential. DR Genevisible; O43895; HS. DR GO; GO:0031225; C:anchored component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0070062; C:extracellular exosome; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0016020; C:membrane; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0004177; F:aminopeptidase activity; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0070006; F:metalloaminopeptidase activity; IEA:InterPro. DR CDD; cd01085; APP; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.40.350.10; -; 2. DR InterPro; IPR029149; Creatin/AminoP/Spt16_NTD. DR InterPro; IPR036005; Creatinase/aminopeptidase-like. DR InterPro; IPR000587; Creatinase_N. DR InterPro; IPR000994; Pept_M24. DR InterPro; IPR033740; Pept_M24B. DR InterPro; IPR032416; Peptidase_M24_C. DR InterPro; IPR001131; Peptidase_M24B_aminopep-P_CS. DR Pfam; PF01321; Creatinase_N; 1. DR Pfam; PF00557; Peptidase_M24; 1. DR Pfam; PF16188; Peptidase_M24_C; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF53092; SSF53092; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF55920; SSF55920; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00491; PROLINE_PEPTIDASE; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Aminopeptidase; Cell membrane; Complete proteome; Glycoprotein; KW GPI-anchor; Hydrolase; Lipoprotein; Membrane; Metal-binding; KW Metalloprotease; Polymorphism; Protease; Reference proteome; Signal; KW Zinc. FT SIGNAL 1 21 {ECO:0000255}. FT CHAIN 22 649 Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2. FT /FTId=PRO_0000026829. FT PROPEP 650 674 Removed in mature form. {ECO:0000305}. FT /FTId=PRO_0000026830. FT METAL 450 450 Zinc 1. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT METAL 461 461 Zinc 1. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT METAL 461 461 Zinc 2. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT METAL 524 524 Zinc 2; via tele nitrogen. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT METAL 555 555 Zinc 2. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT METAL 569 569 Zinc 1. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT METAL 569 569 Zinc 2. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT BINDING 116 116 Substrate. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT BINDING 430 430 Substrate; via tele nitrogen. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT BINDING 524 524 Substrate; via tele nitrogen. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT BINDING 533 533 Substrate; via tele nitrogen. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT BINDING 555 555 Substrate. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O44750}. FT LIPID 649 649 GPI-anchor amidated alanine. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q95333}. FT CARBOHYD 35 35 N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine. FT {ECO:0000255}. FT CARBOHYD 49 49 N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine. FT {ECO:0000255}. FT CARBOHYD 65 65 N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine. FT {ECO:0000255}. FT CARBOHYD 278 278 N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine. FT {ECO:0000255}. FT CARBOHYD 291 291 N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine. FT {ECO:0000255}. FT VARIANT 215 215 T -> I (in dbSNP:rs138365897). FT {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21898657}. FT /FTId=VAR_071310. FT VARIANT 223 223 V -> I (in dbSNP:rs61733030). FT {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21898657}. FT /FTId=VAR_071311. FT VARIANT 232 232 K -> N (in dbSNP:rs41311662). FT {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21898657}. FT /FTId=VAR_071312. FT CONFLICT 26 26 V -> L (in Ref. 1; AAB96394). FT {ECO:0000305}. FT CONFLICT 339 339 K -> R (in Ref. 1; AAB96394). FT {ECO:0000305}. SQ SEQUENCE 674 AA; 75625 MW; 75949336EDD0F3B4 CRC64; MARAHWGCCP WLVLLCACAW GHTKPVDLGG QDVRNCSTNP PYLPVTVVNT TMSLTALRQQ MQTQNLSAYI IPGTDAHMNE YIGQHDERRA WITGFTGSAG TAVVTMKKAA VWTDSRYWTQ AERQMDCNWE LHKEVGTTPI VTWLLTEIPA GGRVGFDPFL LSIDTWESYD LALQGSNRQL VSITTNLVDL VWGSERPPVP NQPIYALQEA FTGSTWQEKV SGVRSQMQKH QKVPTAVLLS ALEETAWLFN LRASDIPYNP FFYSYTLLTD SSIRLFANKS RFSSETLSYL NSSCTGPMCV QIEDYSQVRD SIQAYSLGDV RIWIGTSYTM YGIYEMIPKE KLVTDTYSPV MMTKAVKNSK EQALLKASHV RDAVAVIRYL VWLEKNVPKG TVDEFSGAEI VDKFRGEEQF SSGPSFETIS ASGLNAALAH YSPTKELNRK LSSDEMYLLD SGGQYWDGTT DITRTVHWGT PSAFQKEAYT RVLIGNIDLS RLIFPAATSG RMVEAFARRA LWDAGLNYGH GTGHGIGNFL CVHEWPVGFQ SNNIAMAKGM FTSIEPGYYK DGEFGIRLED VALVVEAKTK YPGSYLTFEV VSFVPYDRNL IDVSLLSPEH LQYLNRYYQT IREKVGPELQ RRQLLEEFEW LQQHTEPLAA RAPDTASWAS VLVVSTLAIL GWSV //