biomarker_id biomarker assessed_biomarker_entity assessed_biomarker_entity_id assessed_entity_type condition condition_id exposure_agent exposure_agent_id best_biomarker_role specimen specimen_id loinc_code evidence_source evidence tag AA4686-1 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:10914713 Univariate analysis of all patients demonstrated that an extent of disease (EOD) on bone scanning > or = 1, IL-6 > or = 7 pg/ml, PS > or = 1, PSA > 100 ng/ml, and ALP > 620 IU/liter were associated with a significantly lower survival rate than their respective counterparts. In multivariate analysis, however, the only two significant prognostic factors were EOD and IL-6. These results indicate that the serum IL-6 level is a significant prognostic factor for prostate cancer as well as EOD. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32479790 IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32259560 Serial measurement of circulating IL-6 levels may be important in identifying disease progression among COVID-19-infected patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32428990 The decrease of IL-6 was closely related to treatment effectiveness, while the increase of IL-6 indicated disease exacerbation. Collectively, the dynamic change of IL-6 level can be used as a marker for disease monitoring in patients with severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32677844 Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32438331 Clinical biomarkers for chronic inflammation, in particular Interleukin-6, predict the severity of COVID-19.;|A deep network analysis has suggested clinical biomarkers predicting the higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection: Hypertension, elevated serum Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, and low Lymphocytes count. In particular, patients with diabetes, but also those with prediabetic state, deserve special attention. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32475810 C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts.;|Since the proportionate rise of IL-6 is correlated with disease severity, this study can prove ground-breaking. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32234467 Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in cytokine release syndrome. If it is possible to block the signal transduction pathway of IL-6, it is expected to become a new method for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32442528 findings in this study include determining independent associations between biomarkers for inflammation (interleukin-6) and thrombosis (D-dimer) and mortality. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32161940 lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines. T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased. lower levels of regulatory T cells. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32425269 The maximal level of IL-6, followed by CRP level, was highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation. This suggests the possibility of using IL-6 or CRP level to guide escalation of treatment in patients with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32385523 Up-regulated IL-6 levels may serve as a potential marker for predicting progression of COVID19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32181911 IL-6 and d-D were closely related to the occurrence of severe COVID-19 in the adult patients, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 patients, which has important clinical value. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32344321 The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32286245 In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-2 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:32430456 The mean of glycemia during hospitalization was 10.65 0.84 mmol/L in the no insulin infusion group and 7.69 1.85 mmol/L in the insulin infusion group. At baseline, IL-6 and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group than in the normoglycemic group (P < 0.001). Even though all patients were on standard treatment for COVID-19 infection, IL-6 and D-dimer levels persisted higher in patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-13 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:28848164 Our study is suggestive of S100A8/A9 and IL-6 being related to a persistent diabetes status post-surgically and of different pathophysiological mechanisms being involved in the post-surgical changes in the three groups, despite similar decreases in BMI. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4686-16 increased IL6 level Interleukin-6 UPKB:P05231 protein autoimunne diabetes DOID:0080846 risk blood UBERON:0000178 26881-3 Pubmed:31772933 Significantly higher IL-15 and IL-6 concentrations, HOMAIR, and markedly lower eGDR in newly diagnosed AD patients and first-degree relatives with positive anti-islet antibodies might suggest the role of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. IL-15 and IL-6 might be used as biomarkers of the risk of autoimmune diabetes development. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26464-8 Pubmed:32286245 In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26464-8 Pubmed:33349241 With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >2252ug/L, WBC>9.5x10^9/L or NC >7.305x10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26464-8 Pubmed:32161940 Lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased lower levels of regulatory T cells. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26464-8 Pubmed:32281668 Patients with flu had higher WBC, granulocyte and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, compared with COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26464-8 Pubmed:32282949 A retrospective study including 187 patients with COVID-19 from another hospital in Wuhan showed that patients with high troponin-T levels had leukocytosis (P < .001), increased neutrophils (P < .001) and decreased lymphocytes (P = .01). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26464-8 Pubmed:32224151 The blood count results showed anaemia in 21 (75%) patients, leucopaenia in 9 (32.1%) patients, and lymphopaenia in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26464-8 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32286245 In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33349241 With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >2252ug/L, WBC>9.5x10^9/L or NC >7.305x10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32161940 Lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased lower levels of regulatory T cells. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32281668 Patients with flu had higher WBC, granulocyte and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, compared with COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32282949 A retrospective study including 187 patients with COVID-19 from another hospital in Wuhan showed that patients with high troponin-T levels had leukocytosis (P < .001), increased neutrophils (P < .001) and decreased lymphocytes (P = .01). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32224151 The blood count results showed anaemia in 21 (75%) patients, leucopaenia in 9 (32.1%) patients, and lymphopaenia in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-1 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4687-2 increased WBC count White blood cell CO:CL_0000738 cell head and neck cancer DOID:11934 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30073209 The strength of this study is the robust association between leukocytosis and poor prognosis in a homogenous cohort of HNSCC, treated with concurrent cisplatin. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-1 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-2 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:21448592 Lymphopenia was found in 49/260 (19%) of patients. Ten of these 49 patients had severe hematological toxicity. Lymphopenia was strongly associated with shorter progression-free survival (median 4 vs. 7 months; P = 0.033) and shorter overall survival (median 16 vs. 24 months, P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymphopenia had an independent effect on survival. Lymphopenia in conclusion is proven to be an independent predictive factor for chemotherapy and hematological toxicity in colorectal cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32277967 Patients with higher initial SAA are more likely to have poor CT imaging. Our study indicated that SAA/L. CRP, SAA, and l are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32475810 Lymphocytes and platelet count showed significantly lower levels in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32048163 the combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32438331 Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Clinical biomarkers predicting the higher risk: Hypertension, elevated serum Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, decreased Lymphocytes count. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32471703 We propose that a few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, L/N ratio, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32352397 In this study, the most important finding was that the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count were independent risk factors for predicting the development of severe illness in COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32377400 Lymphopenia is an effective and reliable indicator of the severity and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32286245 In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32277967 SAA and Lymphocytes are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32161940 Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased lower levels of regulatory T cells. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32220650 Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32077115 Detailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID-19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:32376308 Lymphopenia is a prominent part of severe COVID-19 and a lymphocyte count of less than 1.5 x 10^9/L may be useful in predicting the severity clinical outcomes. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32277967 Patients with higher initial SAA are more likely to have poor CT imaging. Our study indicated that SAA/L. CRP, SAA, and l are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32475810 Lymphocytes and platelet count showed significantly lower levels in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32048163 the combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32438331 Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Clinical biomarkers predicting the higher risk: Hypertension, elevated serum Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, decreased Lymphocytes count. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32471703 We propose that a few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, L/N ratio, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32352397 In this study, the most important finding was that the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count were independent risk factors for predicting the development of severe illness in COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32377400 Lymphopenia is an effective and reliable indicator of the severity and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32286245 In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32277967 SAA and Lymphocytes are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32161940 Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased lower levels of regulatory T cells. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32220650 Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32077115 Detailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID-19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-3 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32376308 Lymphopenia is a prominent part of severe COVID-19 and a lymphocyte count of less than 1.5 x 10^9/L may be useful in predicting the severity clinical outcomes. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-4 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19549917 In multivariate analysis (Cox model), lymphopenia was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in metastatic breast cancer (RR: 1.8; 95%CI 1.3-2.4) along with liver metastases and PS; in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (RR: 1.46; 95%CI 1.0-2.1) along with liver metastases, lung metastases and PS; and in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (RR: 1.48; 95%CI 1.03-2.1) along with IPI. Our findings demonstrate that lymphopenia is an independent prognostic factor for overall and progression-free survival in several cancers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4688-5 decreased LYMP count Lymphocyte CO:CL_0000542 cell diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26474-7 Pubmed:15225139 In the present study, the number of leukocytes was increased but that of lymphocytes was decreased in diabetic patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4689-1 decreased PLAT count Platelet CO:CL_0000233 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 11125-2 Pubmed:32178975 Low platelet count is associated with increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19, and thus should serve as clinical indicator of worsening illness during hospitalization. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4689-1 decreased PLAT count Platelet CO:CL_0000233 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 11125-2 Pubmed:32286245 In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4689-1 decreased PLAT count Platelet CO:CL_0000233 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 11125-2 Pubmed:32475810 Meta-analysis of 1799 patients reveal those with severe COVID-19 infections had significantly lower platelet counts. Despite the varying definitions of disease severity and thrombocytopenia having an influence on results analysis, platelet count could possibly be used clinically to indicate infection severity. Lymphocytes and platelet count showed significantly lower levels in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4690-1 increased SFER level Serum ferritin PRO:PR_000050342 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2276-4 Pubmed:32286245 In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4690-1 increased SFER level Serum ferritin PRO:PR_000050342 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2276-4 Pubmed:32282949 Higher serum ferritin levels were associated with higher odds of death at the univariate analysis (OR = 9.10, 95%CI: 2.04-40.58; P = .004). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4690-2 increased SFER level Serum ferritin PRO:PR_000050342 protein complex gastrointestinal system cancer DOID:3119 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 2276-4 Pubmed:29879960 These results indicate that serum ferritin is a valid clinical biochemical marker to predict survival of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-1 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32379887 Consequently, the counts of CD8+T and CD4+T cells can be used as diagnostic markers of COVID-19 and predictors of disease severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-1 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32283159 Lymphocyte subset (CD4+, CD8+) counts reflect the severity of infection and predict the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-2 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-3 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-4 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-5 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-6 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-7 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-8 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-9 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-10 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-11 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell hematologic cancer DOID:2531 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4691-12 decreased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32479790 Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4692-1 increased CD4+ T count CD4+ T cell CO:CL_0000624 cell head and neck cancer DOID:11934 prognostic oropharynx UBERON:0001729 40898-9 Pubmed:26879675 Higher CD4 and CD8 TIL levels were associated with improved overall (HR 0.77 [0.65 –0.93] p=.005 and HR 0.77 [0.64–0.94] p=.008 respectively), and relapse free survival (p=.03, and .05 respectively). Higher CD4 levels predicted improved overall and disease specific survival (p=.003 and .004 respectively). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4693-1 decreased CD8+ T count CD8+ T cell CO:CL_0000795 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32379887 Consequently, the counts of CD8+T and CD4+T cells can be used as diagnostic markers of COVID-19 and predictors of disease severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4693-1 decreased CD8+ T count CD8+ T cell CO:CL_0000795 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 65759-3 Pubmed:32283159 Lymphocyte subset (CD4+, CD8+) counts reflect the severity of infection and predict the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4694-1 increased CD8+ T count CD8+ T cell CO:CL_0000795 cell head and neck cancer DOID:11934 prognostic oropharynx UBERON:0001729 40899-7 Pubmed:26879675 Higher CD4 and CD8 TIL levels were associated with improved overall (HR 0.77 [0.65 –0.93] p=.005 and HR 0.77 [0.64–0.94] p=.008 respectively), and relapse free survival (p=.03, and .05 respectively). Higher CD4 levels predicted improved overall and disease specific survival (p=.003 and .004 respectively). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32277967 SAA/L, CRP, SAA, and L count are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32677844 Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32347972 The positive correlations between CRP and series cancer biomarkers we showed in this study demonstrate that these cancer biomarkers can present the diffuse and acute lung injuries in COVID-19. CRP increased in 95% of all cases; the increases were significant for all groups (mild: 13.5 ± 13.1; severe: 35.0 ± 39.2; critical: 66.1 ± 67.3; in mg/L; P = .002). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:33349241 Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >2252ug/L, WBC>9.5x10^9/L or NC >7.305x10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32161940 Surveillance of NLR and lymphocyte subsets is helpful in the early screening of critical illness, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32425269 The maximal level of IL-6, followed by CRP level, was highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation. This suggests the possibility of using IL-6 or CRP level to guide escalation of treatment in patients with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32566572 NLR and CRP are potential and reliable predictors of COVID-19 prognosis and can triage patients at the time of admission. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32243911 At the early stage of COVID-19, CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions. CRP levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32475810 C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32296824 We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32281668 CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613] CRP in severe COVID-19 patients increased significantly at the initial stage, before CT findings. Importantly, CRP, which was associated with disease development, predicted early severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32368728 The combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP can effectively triage suspected COVID-19 patients from other patients attending the fever clinic with COVID-19-like initial symptoms. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32277967 Patients with higher initial SAA are more likely to have poor CT imaging. Our study indicated that SAA/L. CRP, SAA, and l are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32475810 CRP is one of the first biomarkers within blood plasma that changes to reflect physiological complications; if accepted CRP will be the most effective biomarker to predict the progression of COVID-19 infection. CRP values are more reliable for earlier identification of case severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32281668 CRP which was associated with disease development, predicted early severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32511972 Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Concentrations of CRP remained high in patients who died of COVID-19 infection, and CRP could be a biomarker for assessing disease lethality. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32344321 The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32615866 The serum levels of CRP, PCT and ferritin are markedly increased in very severe compared with severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32471703 We propose that a few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, L/N ratio, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32414383 The plasma CRP level is positively correlated to the severity of COVID-19 on CT performance, and higher level of CRP showed a longer inpatient duration. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32048163 The combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32277967 SAA/L, CRP, SAA, and l are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-1 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32243911 Best baseline predictors of respiratory failure were suPAR with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.88 (0.80-0.95), EWS 0.84 (0.75-0.93), LDH 0.82 (0.71-0.93), and CRP 0.80 (0.70-0.89. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678] At the early stage of COVID-19, CRP levels were positively cor-related with lung lesions. CRP levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-2 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:24481866 An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-2 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-2 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32224151 Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-3 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:24481866 An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-3 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-3 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32224151 Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-3 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:19470939 Elevated SAA and CRP were associated with reduced overall survival, regardless of adjustment for age, tumor stage, race, and body mass index (SAA P trend < .0001; CRP P trend = .002). Elevated CRP (> 3.9 mg/L) showed a statistically significant association with reduced survival; however, HRs were somewhat lower than for SAA. CRP was associated with disease-free survival across all models in a dose-response fashion (P trend = .04 in model 4). Systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are measures of low-grade chronic inflammation and potential predictors of cancer survival biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-4 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:24481866 An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-4 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-4 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32224151 Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-5 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:24481866 An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-5 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-5 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32224151 Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-6 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:24481866 An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-6 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-6 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32224151 Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-7 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:24481866 An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-7 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-7 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:32224151 Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4695-8 increased CRP level C-reactive protein UPKB:P02741 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71426-1 Pubmed:31477553 Increased CRP may represent an extended biomarker of microvascular risk in men with T2DM. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4696-1 increased TG level Triglycerides CHEBI:17855 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 3043-7 Pubmed:32314799 Clinicians should consider monitoring for hypertriglyceridemia. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4696-1 increased TG level Triglycerides CHEBI:17855 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 3043-7 Pubmed:32376398 We measured an extended panel of circulating biomarkers and used a disease-specific scale (BCRSS) to quickly classify respiratory severity in patients with COVID-19, we found extremely high levels of CRP, ferritin, D-Dimer and triglycerides indicating that a HIS was present at the time when the respiratory condition was rapidly deteriorating. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4696-1 increased TG level Triglycerides CHEBI:17855 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 3043-7 Pubmed:32430154 Development of hypolipidemia begins in patients with mild symptoms. It progressively becomes worse in an association with the disease severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4696-2 increased TG level Triglycerides CHEBI:17855 metabolite lung cancer DOID:1324 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 3043-7 Pubmed:11196072 The significant difference in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and serum triglycerides between patients with metastatic and non-metastatic cancer was lost when lipoprotein cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were adjusted for nutritional variables. The lipid profile in cancer patients is characterized by low low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and relatively high serum triglycerides. The abnormality is a common feature of both hematological and solid tumors and is not entirely explained by poor nutrition. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4696-3 increased TG level Triglycerides CHEBI:17855 metabolite diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3043-7 Pubmed:30325950 The prevalence of dyslipidemia was relatively high among middle-aged and elderly T2DM person. There are different associations between multiple risk factors and dyslipidemia in different diabetic progression stages. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4697-1 increased CYP3A4 level Cytochrome P450 3A4 UPKB:P08684 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 response blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32758877 Together with the reported markers of liver injury, such hyperinflammatory state may trigger significant derangements in hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic machinery, and subsequent modulation of drug clearance that may result in unexpected therapeutic/toxic response. We hypothesize that COVID-19 patients are potentially vulnerable to a significant disease-drug interaction, and therefore, suitable dosing guidelines with therapeutic drug monitoring should be implemented to assure optimal clinical outcomes. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4698-1 decreased CYP3A4 level Cytochrome P450 3A4 UPKB:P08684 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29109094 CYP3A4 was identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene related to a poor prognosis in HCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4699-1 increased SAA1 level Serum amyloid A protein UPKB:P0DJI8 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 48498-0 Pubmed:20502455 Study detected increased SAA level in the serum of lung cancer patients and also identified that elevated SAA level may be a non-invasive biomarker useful for the prediction of lung cancer prognosis. A differential protein with m/z 11.6 kDa was detected and identified as an isoform of human serum amyloid A (SAA). It was significantly increased by 1822% in lung cancer patients when compared with the healthy controls, which gave an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.88. In addition, the protein was also significantly elevated by 77% in lung cancer patients with survival <5 years when compared with patients with survival >/=5 years. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4699-2 increased SAA1 level Serum amyloid A protein UPKB:P0DJI8 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 48498-0 Pubmed:16211233 The level of SAA in plasma of pancreatic cancer patients correlated with clinical stage and was significantly higher than in normal volunteers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4700-1 increased SAA1 level Serum amyloid A protein NCBI: 6288 gene uterine cancer DOID:363 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 48498-0 Pubmed:19536090 SAA gene expression levels were significantly higher in USPC when compared with NEC (mean copy number by RT-PCR=162 vs 2.21; P=0.0002). IHC revealed diffuse cytoplasmic SAA protein staining in USPC tissues. High intracellular levels of SAA were identified in primary USPC cell lines evaluated by flow cytometry and SAA was found to be actively secreted in vitro. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4699-3 increased SAA1 level Serum amyloid A protein UPKB:P0DJI8 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32277967 Based on the study results, SAA alone or combined with L(SAA/L) could be used as a significant marker to indicate and track inflammation conditions in COVID-19 infected patients. Monitoring dynamic changes of SAA, combined with CT imaging could be a valuable strategy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. SAA and L are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4699-3 increased SAA1 level Serum amyloid A protein UPKB:P0DJI8 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32475810 The abnormal increase in serum amyloid protein (SAA) may be used as an auxiliary index for diagnosis and treatment. CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4699-3 increased SAA1 level Serum amyloid A protein UPKB:P0DJI8 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33735714 The serum SAA levels were found to be significantly correlated with impending course of the COVID-19, and may serve as a useful biomarker to monitor the complicated clinical course of the disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4699-4 increased SAA1 level Serum amyloid A protein UPKB:P0DJI8 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19470939 Elevated SAA and CRP were associated with reduced overall survival, regardless of adjustment for age, tumor stage, race, and body mass index (SAA P trend < .0001; CRP P trend = .002). Higher concentrations of SAA were associated with decreased overall survival (P trend < .0001 in all models; lnSAA, P < .01 in all models). Systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are measures of low-grade chronic inflammation and potential predictors of cancer survival biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4701-1 increased CXCL10 level IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 UPKB:P02778 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32360286 IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 were excellent predictors for the progression of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4701-1 increased CXCL10 level IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 UPKB:P02778 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31986264 We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Moreover, patients requiring ICU admission had higher concentrations of GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha than did those not requiring ICU admission, suggesting that the cytokine storm was associated with disease severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4701-1 increased CXCL10 level IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 UPKB:P02778 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32360286 IP-10 and MCP-3 were highly associated with disease severity and could be used as excellent predictors of COVID-19 progression. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4702-1 increased CCL7 level Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 UPKB:P80098 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31986264 We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Moreover, patients requiring ICU admission had higher concentrations of GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha than did those not requiring ICU admission, suggesting that the cytokine storm was associated with disease severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4702-1 increased CCL7 level Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 UPKB:P80098 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32360286 IP-10 and MCP-3 were highly associated with disease severity and could be used as excellent predictors of COVID-19 progression. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4703-1 increased CCL7 level Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 NCBI: 6354 gene colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:12439927 We detected MCP-3 mRNA expression in MCP-3 gene transfected CMT93 cells. In contrast, the wild type CMT93 cells and the mock transfected CMT93 cells did not express MCP-3. In the tumor tissue derived from CMT93/MCP-3, infiltrating immune cells increased. In addition, no tumor metastasis was found in all mice inoculated with CMT93/ MCP-3 tumor cells. But all mice had tumor metastasis in CMT93 controls. In our study, we found that after the transfecting of CMT93 colorectal cancer cell with MCP-3 gene, tumor growth was retarded and tumor metastasis was inhibited completely by promoting immune cells infiltration in tumor tissue. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4704-1 increased GRAN count Granulocyte CO:CL_0000094 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 30394-1 Pubmed:32281668 Patients with flu had higher WBC, granulocyte and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, compared with COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4704-2 increased GRAN count Granulocyte CO:CL_0000094 cell breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 30394-1 Pubmed:11406548 The chronic presence of the tumor and thus chronic activation of granulocytes with the accompanying production of H2O2 results, ironically, in the suppression of the adaptive immune functions. Here we show specifically that the release of reactive oxygen species during the oxidative burst of granulocytes, i.e., H2O2, is the major contributor to a systemic T-cell dysfunction. This is supported by the observation that cancer patients showed signs of extensive granulocyte activation with massive elevation of plasma levels of 8-isoprostane, a product of lipid oxidation and a marker for oxidative stress, that exceeded measurements found in other diseases with documented oxidative stress. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32677844 Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32475810 C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32442528 Findings in this study include determining independent associations between biomarkers for inflammation (interleukin-6) and thrombosis (D-dimer) and mortality. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32220650 Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32171076 Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32306492 Patients with D-dimer levels >/=2.0 µg/mL had a higher incidence of mortality when comparing with those who with D-dimer levels <2.0 µg/mL (12/67 vs 1/267, P < .001; hazard ratio, 51.5; 95% confidence interval, 12.9-206.7). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32665858 D-dimer is commonly elevated in patients with COVID-19. D-dimer levels correlate with disease severity and is a reliable prognostic marker for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32620118 The rising trend in D-Dimer and NLR, or the test results higher than the critical values may indicate a risk of death for participants with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32475810 This, along with the previous study, suggests that D-dimer levels can be used as a prognostic marker and help clinicians monitor those who are likely to deteriorate earlier. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32172226 D-dimer (10.36 vs. 0.26 ng/L; p<0.001) were higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 than those in controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32367765 The most important finding was that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors to predict the development of severe illness in COVID-19. Patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*10^9/L were unlikely to develop into severe disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32073213 Non-survivors revealed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-1 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32181911 IL-6 and D-dimer were closely related to the occurrence of severe COVID-19 in the adult patients, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 patients, which has important clinical value. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-2 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:17454757 We report changes in D-dimer levels that may indicate diabetes disease progression to macrovascular complications. Using D-dimer in conjunction with other biomarkers to identify stages of disease progression, commencing from pre-diabetes and continuing to development of asymptomatic and clinical cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus, is worthy of consideration. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-2 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32430456 The mean of glycemia during hospitalization was 10.65 ± 0.84 mmol/L in the no insulin infusion group and 7.69 ± 1.85 mmol/L in the insulin infusion group. At baseline, IL-6 and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group than in the normoglycemic group (P < 0.001). Even though all patients were on standard treatment for COVID-19 infection, IL-6 and D-dimer levels persisted higher in patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-2 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32623030 In COVID-19 patients with diabetes, poorly-controlled blood glucose (>11 mmol/L) may be associated with poor outcomes. Admission hyperglycemia, elevated d-dimer and high HRCT score are potential risk factors for adverse outcomes and death. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-3 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-3 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4705-3 increased D-D level D-dimer PRO:PR_000050369 protein complex lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71427-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-1 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32677844 Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-1 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32475810 Serum urea, CREA, CysC, DBIL, CHE and LDH could be used to distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from mild COVID-19 cases. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447] Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Since high levels of LDH continued in the ICU patients number of days post-admission, LDH may be a predictive biomarker of severe disease. There is increasing confidence in using LDH as a biomarker to measure severity of COVID-19 infection. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-1 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32296824 We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-1 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32161968 LDH and alpha-HBDH may be considerable markers for evaluation of NCOVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-1 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32475810 C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-1 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32311826 As would be anticipated, elevation is LDH is common in COVID-19 patients in the ICU setting and indicates a poor outcome. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-1 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32048163 Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] The combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-1 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32738466 Elevated LDH levels were associated with a ~6-fold increase in odds of developing severe disease and a ~16-fold increase in odds of mortality in patients with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-2 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-2 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-2 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-3 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-3 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-3 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-4 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-4 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-4 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-5 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-5 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-5 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-6 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-6 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-6 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-7 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-7 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-7 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-8 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-8 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-8 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-9 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-9 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-9 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-10 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-10 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-10 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-11 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex hematologic cancer DOID:2531 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-11 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex hematologic cancer DOID:2531 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-11 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex hematologic cancer DOID:2531 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-12 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-12 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4706-12 increased LDH level Lactate dehydrogenase PRO:PR_000050367 protein complex esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 14804-9 Pubmed:32369209 Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4707-1 decreased EOSI count Eosinophil CO:CL_0000771 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 26449-9 Pubmed:32077115 Detailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID-19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4707-1 decreased EOSI count Eosinophil CO:CL_0000771 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 26449-9 Pubmed:32368728 The combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP can effectively triage suspected COVID-19 patients from other patients attending the fever clinic with COVID-19-like initial symptoms. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4707-1 decreased EOSI count Eosinophil CO:CL_0000771 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 26449-9 Pubmed:32161940 Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4707-2 decreased EOSI count Eosinophil CO:CL_0000771 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26449-9 Pubmed:21742945 In age- and multivariate-adjusted models, eosinophil count was inversely associated with CRC incidence. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4708-1 increased PLAUR level Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor UPKB:Q03405 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 17204-9 Pubmed:32354367 A low suPAR level (<4.75 ng/ml) at baseline is a useful biomarker for aiding clinical decisions including discharge of patients presenting with symptoms of COVID-19. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678] Findings suggest that suPAR may early trace patients who need intensified management probably in need of anti-inflammatory treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4708-1 increased PLAUR level Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor UPKB:Q03405 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 17204-9 Pubmed:32613288 In conclusion, suPAR seems extremely promising as a COVID-19 prognostic marker and may assist in the early selection of patients who can stay at home or must be admitted to the hospital and/or intensive care unit. In this difficult outbreak, humanity must use all the available weapons, and suPAR may prove a powerful triage biomarker. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4708-1 increased PLAUR level Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor UPKB:Q03405 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 17204-9 Pubmed:32354367 A low suPAR level (<4.75 ng/ml) at baseline is a useful biomarker for aiding clinical decisions including discharge of patients presenting with symptoms of COVID-19. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678] Admission levels of suPAR were significantly higher among patients who eventually developed severe respiratory failure (SRF). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4708-2 increased PLAUR level Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor UPKB:Q03405 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 17204-9 Pubmed:9581823 The median suPAR levels found in each patient group were significantly higher than in the control group. Both ovarian and nonovarian malignant carcinoma subgroups showed a 2-fold increase of suPAR compared to controls. This study shows that the level of the soluble receptor for uPA, a proteinase that is considered to play a key role in physiological and malignant invasion, is increased in serum of a subgroup of ovarian carcinoma patients. Moreover, patients with high suPAR levels showed significantly worse prognosis in survival analysis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4709-1 increased P-SEP level Presepsin PRO:PR_000050392 peptide COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32530491 These findings suggest that P-SEP may correlate with lung damage caused by COVID-19 pneumonia and may be useful as a prognostic biomarker for severe COVID-19. Because P-SEP can predict aggravation of ARDS based on laboratory tests on admission, this enables clinicians to identify high-risk COVID-19 patients and determine treatment at an early stage. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4710-1 increased TNF level Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPKB:P01375 protein head and neck cancer DOID:11934 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3074-2 Pubmed:32479790 When comparing biochemical indexes of COVID-19 between patients with and without cancer, we found that pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-2R were higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4710-1 increased TNF level Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPKB:P01375 protein head and neck cancer DOID:11934 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3074-2 Pubmed:24481866 Elevated levels of TNF-alpha were found in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4710-2 increased TNF level Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPKB:P01375 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3074-2 Pubmed:32382744 The prevalence of severe and complicated cases of COVID-19 is lower in patients in treatment with anti-TNF-alpha than that reported for patients taking steroids. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4710-2 increased TNF level Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPKB:P01375 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3074-2 Pubmed:32511562 COVID-19 is associated with high levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8. Furthermore, elevated TNF-a, known to contribute to organ damage, was also a strong predictor of poor outcome. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4710-2 increased TNF level Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPKB:P01375 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3074-2 Pubmed:31986264 Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4710-2 increased TNF level Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPKB:P01375 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3074-2 Pubmed:32222466 IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4710-3 increased TNF level Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPKB:P01375 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3074-2 Pubmed:32479790 When comparing biochemical indexes of COVID-19 between patients with and without cancer, we found that pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-2R were higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4710-3 increased TNF level Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPKB:P01375 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3074-2 Pubmed:24481866 Elevated levels of TNF-alpha were found in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4711-1 increased TMPRSS2 level Transmembrane protease serine 2 UPKB:O15393 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32437018 The role of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as a contributing factor to the more severe outcomes noted for COVID-19. Validated TMPRSS2 SNPs that are confirmed to be predictive biomarkers can be incorporated in the CDCs current list of clinical biomarkers for disease severity as discussed above. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4711-2 increased TMPRSS2 level Transmembrane protease serine 2 UPKB:O15393 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32660890 TMPRSS2 expression is regulated in part by androgens and is a known biomarker of prostate cancer severity when fused with ERG. It is known that TMPRSS2 expression is upregulated by androgens in prostate cancer cell lines and in vivo. The authors analyzed data from 4,532 men who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of these patients, 430 (9.5%) had cancer and 118 (2.6%) had prostate cancer (28% of all cancers). Consistent with other publications, men with cancer have worse disease presentations than men without cancer, even when stratified for age. In the 5,273 prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); only four of these patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The authors stated that men positive for SARS-CoV-2 and on ADT not only had improved outcomes over other men with prostate cancer positive for SARS-CoV-2, but that ADT may have reduced the chance of infection. They concluded that ADT had a protective effect in men positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. ADT therapy provides the first evidence that reducing androgens or their effect on tissues may have a beneficial impact on outcomes in men infected with SARS-CoV-2. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4712-1 increased ACE2 level Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 UPKB:Q9BYF1 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic lung UBERON:0002048 Pubmed:32916258 Our study showed an increased rate of expression of ACE2 in an elderly male patient in the age group of 60-70 who has LAUD or LUSC. We also conducted a prognostic analysis of ACE2 in lung cancer, we found that ACE2 mRNA is highly expressed. High expression of ACE2 may lead to higher susceptibility of lung cancer patient towards COVID 19 and ACE2 can serve as the best potential biomarker for this disease compared to co-expressed genes. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4712-2 increased ACE2 level Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 UPKB:Q9BYF1 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32698840 sACE2 levels showed reliable associations with all individuals components of Metabolic Syndrome. This profile of associations was statistically significantly stronger in men, compared to women, and suggests that preexisting cardiometabolic conditions might confer increased severity of symptoms in some COVID-19 patients through increased expression of ACE2 in the liver. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4713-1 decreased ACE2 level Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 UPKB:Q9BYF1 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32339157 Expression of ACE2 decreased in vivo and in vitro after SARS-CoV infection. Tumor tissues may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients with UCEC (Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma) and KIRP (Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma), which may worsen the prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4714-1 decreased ACE2 level Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 NCBI: 59272 gene pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic pancreas UBERON:0001264 Pubmed:19212105 Expression of ACE2 is decreased in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. The reduction of ACE2 expression by RNA interference promoted the proliferation of cultured pancreatic cancer cells. It was found that ANGII (angiotensin II, a biologically active peptide that works as a regulator of cardiovasular homeostasist) contributes to the down-regulation of ACE2 in cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-1 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:21633297 Early diagnosis is the most important determinant of early survival for ovarian cancer, and increased levels of HE4, in combination with CA125, is used as a diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer. HE4 levels were found to be significantly higher in individuals with ovarian cancer. Combining both HE4 and CA125 yielded specificity for ovarian cancer of 100%. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-1 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:19732003 Preliminary data show that HE4 may have more potential than cancer antigen 125 in discriminating benign from cancerous ovarian masses, and has the strongest correlation with endometrial cancer of all markers tested to date. Utilizing risk stratification, a panel of biomarkers including HE4 may ultimately be useful for detecting ovarian and endometrial cancer at an early stage in patients at high risk. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-1 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-2 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:27446579 There was a significant difference in the median serum levels of HE4 in breast cancer patients, ovarian cancer patients and healthy volunteers (14.63, 16.47 and 11.52 pmol/l, respectively; P=0.013). No significant differences between the breast cancer and ovarian cancer patient groups was observed, the median serum levels of HE4 in these groups were significantly higher than those in the healthy volunteer group (P=0.006 and P=0.017, respectively).The cutoff value for the prediction of breast cancer was determined at >13.24 pmol/l for HE4 with a sensitivity of 61.11%, specificity of 68.75%, positive predictive value of 81.48%, negative predictive value of 44.0% and accuracy of 63.46% [AUC, 0.740 (95% CI, 0.604–0.875), P=0.006] A significant elevation of serum HE4 levels in patients with breast cancer compared with that in healthy controls was identified. HE4 may serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-3 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:32347972 Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1 (R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-3 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-3 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:32347972 Presence of elevated HE4 levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-4 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4715-5 increased WFDC2 level WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 UPKB:Q14508 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 55180-4 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-1 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:16033098 Tumor marker serum levels were related to histological type and tumor extension, with ProGRP being the most sensitive marker in SCLC, CEA in adenocarcinomas and CYFRA 21-1 in squamous tumors. The most sensitive combinations of tumor markers were ProGRP and NSE in SCLC (88%), and CEA plus CYFRA in NSCLC (82%). In summary, ProGRP is the tumor marker of choice in SCLC and NSE is a complementary tumor marker in this histological type. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-1 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-1 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:7541742 Cyfra 21-1 levels were significantly higher in advanced NSCLC than in early-stage disease. All 29 patients with serum concentrations > 32 ng/mL had stage IIIB-IV and only one of 14 patients with stage I-II disease had Cyfra 21-1 level > 18 ng/mL. In the multivariate analysis of survival, Cyfra 21-1 was an independent prognostic factor along with performance status and disease stage in NSCLC. Cyfra 21-1 is a sensitive and specific tumor marker of NSCLC, especially of squamous cell subtype. It also reflects the extent of the disease and has an independent prognostic role along with performance status and disease stage in NSCLC. Cyfra 21-1 was an independent prognostic factor along with performance status and disease stage in NSCLC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-2 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:25966163 In all studies considered, patients with bladder cancer had a higher CYFRA21-1 level than healthy subjects. Based on our results, CYFRA21-1 level may be a diagnostic biomarker for diagnosing bladder cancer as well as a possible biomarker for differentiation between local and metastatic bladder cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-3 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1 (R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-3 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32504736 In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predict the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-3 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-3 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Presence of elevated CYFRA21 levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4716-3 increased KRT19 level Cytokeratin-19 fragment UPKB:P08727 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32504736 Increased levels of CYFRA21-1 were observed in COVID-19 patients, and could predict the clinical outcome of patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4717-1 decreased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:11953875 In those patients where marker levels of carcinoembryonic antigen decreased more than 33%, a significantly higher risk for relapse and death from disease (both P=0.0001) in univariate analyses was observed. In multivariate analysis this decrease of carcinoembryonic antigen proved to be an independent prognostic factor. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-1 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:12174919 In patients with colorectal cancer, CEA was most frequently elevated (54%), followed by CA 242 (46%), CA 19-9 (36%) and CA 72-4 (25%). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-2 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 96044-3 Pubmed:21683503 Our results demonstrated that an elevated serum HE4 level was related to the advanced stage of epithelial ovarian cancer. An elevated serum level of HE4 is a poor prognostic factor for PFS in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who were treated with debulking surgery and adjuvant taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-3 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32347972 Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1 (R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-3 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32333071 On laboratory work-up, mildly elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA = 9.8 ng/mL, normal range up to 5 ng/mL) was detected. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-3 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32540459 In conclusion, the serum CEA levels were found to be increased in patients with severe or critically severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-3 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32504736 In addition, the significant differences of plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21- 1 and SCCA were observed among the subgroups of severity of disease and clinical outcome (Table 1) and plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA were significantly increased with the advance serverity of disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-3 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32504736 Additional cancer biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) increased significantly in many critical cases. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854] In addition, the significant differences of plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21- 1 and SCCA were observed among the subgroups of severity of disease and clinical outcome (Table 1) and plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA were significantly increased with the advance serverity of disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-3 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32504736 In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predict the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-3 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-4 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:16033098 Tumor marker serum levels were related to histological type and tumor extension, CEA in adenocarcinomas. The most sensitive combinations of tumor markers were ProGRP and NSE in SCLC (88%), and CEA plus CYFRA in NSCLC (82%). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-4 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32504736 Tumor biomarkers, such as carcino embryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and Pro-Gastrin Releasing Peptide (ProGRP), were elevated. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4718-4 increased CEACAM5 level Carcinoembryonic antigen UPKB:P06731 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19166-8 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4719-1 increased MUC16 level Mucin-16 UPKB:Q8WXI7 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 predictive uterus UBERON:0000995 10334-1 Pubmed:29958235 The median levels of CA-125 were 9 to 14 times higher for each parameter that demonstrated extrauterine metastasis (all with P < 0.001). Levels of CA-125 were significantly associated with positive cytology (P < 0.0001), omental disease (P < 0.0001), pelvic or para-aortic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), and adnexal involvement (P < 0.0001). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4719-2 increased MUC16 level Mucin-16 UPKB:Q8WXI7 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 10334-1 Pubmed:32347972 Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4719-2 increased MUC16 level Mucin-16 UPKB:Q8WXI7 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 10334-1 Pubmed:32347972 Presence of elevated CA125 levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4719-2 increased MUC16 level Mucin-16 UPKB:Q8WXI7 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 10334-1 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4719-3 increased MUC16 level Mucin-16 UPKB:Q8WXI7 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 10334-1 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4719-4 increased MUC16 level Mucin-16 UPKB:Q8WXI7 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 10334-1 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4719-5 increased MUC16 level Mucin-16 UPKB:Q8WXI7 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 10334-1 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4720-1 increased MUC1 level Mucin-1 UPKB:P15941 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2007-3 Pubmed:24674678 The results indicate an increased level of CA15-3 in breast cancer patients (29.02+/-1.79 IU/ml) as compared to both women with benign tumor and healthy controls (13.78+/-1.24 and 8.92+/-0.48 IU/ml, respectively), and that this increase is associated to advanced stages. Patients with HER2/neu positive malignancies show elevated serum CA15-3 (37.09+/-2.55 IU/ml), as well as patients who developed recurrence (40.75+/-2.11 IU/ml). Study suggests that higher levels of CA 15-3 would be a reliable prognostic marker as they were directly related to advanced stages and recurrence. In addition, persistent elevation of CA 15-3 was associated to HER2/neu positivity in breast cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4720-2 increased MUC1 level Mucin-1 UPKB:P15941 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 KL-6 was also signicantly higher in severe-cases, but its mean was below the cut-off level for ILDs. [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-29567/v1] Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4720-2 increased MUC1 level Mucin-1 UPKB:P15941 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32470148 Increased KL-6 serum concentrations were observed in patients with severe pulmonary involvement, suggesting potential usefulness of KL-6 measurement to evaluate COVID-19 patients prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4720-2 increased MUC1 level Mucin-1 UPKB:P15941 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32470148 Irregular levels of KL-6 present maybe helpful for phenotyping patients according to disease severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4720-2 increased MUC1 level Mucin-1 UPKB:P15941 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4720-3 increased MUC1 level Mucin-1 UPKB:P15941 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4, cytokeratin-19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153 in COVID-19 mild cases as compared to normal control subjects; their levels showed continuous and significant increases in severe and critical cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4720-4 increased MUC1 level Mucin-1 UPKB:P15941 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4, cytokeratin-19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153 in COVID-19 mild cases as compared to normal control subjects; their levels showed continuous and significant increases in severe and critical cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4720-5 increased MUC1 level Mucin-1 UPKB:P15941 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4, cytokeratin-19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153 in COVID-19 mild cases as compared to normal control subjects; their levels showed continuous and significant increases in severe and critical cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-1 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32504736 In addition, the significant differences of plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21- 1 and SCCA were observed among the subgroups of severity of disease and clinical outcome (Table 1) and plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA were significantly increased with the advance serverity of disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-1 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32347972 Additional cancer biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) increased significantly in many critical cases. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854] Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-1 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32504736 In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predict the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-1 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-1 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32347972 Presence of elevated CYFRA21 levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-1 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32504736 Increased levels of CYFRA21-1 were observed in COVID-19 patients, and could predict the clinical outcome of patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-1 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32347972 Presence of elevated SCC levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-2 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein cervical cancer DOID:4362 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:30479085 Pre-treatment SCC-Ag level higher than 4 ng/mL may be a useful predictor of tumor recurrence in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of uterine cervix treated with definitive CRT and ICR. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-3 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32347972 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-4 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32347972 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4721-5 increased SART3 level Squamous cell carcinoma antigen UPKB:Q15020 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19207-0 Pubmed:32347972 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4722-1 increased CA199 level Carbohydrate antigen 199 CHEBI:61793 carbohydrate COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4722-1 increased CA199 level Carbohydrate antigen 199 CHEBI:61793 carbohydrate COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4723-1 increased CA199 level Carbohydrate antigen 199 PCCID:643993 glycan lung cancer DOID:1324 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4723-2 increased CA199 level Carbohydrate antigen 199 PCCID:643993 glycan ovarian cancer DOID:2394 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4723-3 increased CA199 level Carbohydrate antigen 199 PCCID:643993 glycan pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32347972 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4724-1 presence of polymorphism in IL1B Interleukin-1 beta gene NCBI: 3553 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 risk stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:25117345 Three genotypes - CT, TT, and CC - of IL-1B-31 were found in the Meizhou Hakka population. This risk was more apparent in male subjects. IL-1B-31 locus polymorphism may be associated with gastric cancer susceptibility in this population, but additional studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the conclusions. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4725-1 increased IFNG level Interferon gamma UPKB:P01579 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 12729-0 Pubmed:31986264 We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Initial plasma IL1B concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4725-2 increased IFNG level Interferon gamma UPKB:P01579 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 12729-0 Pubmed:15296648 IFN gamma level in patients from group 1 (T2DM) was 3.13 ± 0.92 pg/ml, group 2 (CC) 2.73 ± 0.91 pg/ ml, group 3 (T2DM and CC) 2.46 ± 0.98 pg/ml and group 4 (control) 5.02 ± 1.43 pg/ml; p < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of IFN gamma in patients with T2DM and CC compared to other subjects. However, it has been demonstrated that level of IFN gamma in the control group and the group of patients with T2DM without CC was higher than in the other two groups. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4726-1 increased CCL2 level Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 UPKB:P13500 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33303843 Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were present in patients with severe COVID19. IL-6 and MCP-1 were inversely correlated with P/F with the largest AUC in ROC analyses and should be further explored as biomarkers to identify patients at risk for severe RF and as targets for improved treatment strategies. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4726-1 increased CCL2 level Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 UPKB:P13500 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31986264 We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Initial plasma IL1B concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4726-2 increased CCL2 level Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 UPKB:P13500 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 predictive liver UBERON:0002107 Pubmed:19287949 Univariate analysis demonstrated that the timing of metastases, tumor size, number of metastases, and MCP-1 expression were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that MCP-1 expression was a significant prognostic factor in hepatic disease-free survival. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4726-3 increased CCL2 level Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 UPKB:P13500 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:25143907 Glycemic status influences serum MCP-1, and lack of glycemic control contributes to increased serum MCP-1 levels. Serum MCP-1 may thus serve as a biomarker of inflammation and disease progression in diabetes with periodontitis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4727-1 increased CSF3 level Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor UPKB:P09919 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 54458-5 Pubmed:21431281 It was found that 12 patients had a white blood cell count increased beyond normal as well as a high G-CSF plasma level and the survival of these patients was shorter as compared to the rest of the patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4727-2 increased CSF3 level Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor UPKB:P09919 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 54458-5 Pubmed:31986264 Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4727-2 increased CSF3 level Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor UPKB:P09919 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 54458-5 Pubmed:32222466 IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4728-1 increased CCL3 level Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha UPKB:P10147 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31986264 Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4728-1 increased CCL3 level Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha UPKB:P10147 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32222466 IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4729-1 increased IL4 level Interleukin-4 UPKB:P05112 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 27161-9 Pubmed:32222466 2019-nCoV infection also initiated increased secretion of T-helper-2 (Th2) cytokines (eg, IL4 and IL10) that suppress inflammation, which differs from SARS-CoV infection. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4729-2 increased IL4 level Interleukin-4 UPKB:P05112 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 27161-9 Pubmed:24213139 Serum IL-4 increased proportionately with disease progression. Our data are consistent with those reported in two smaller series both of which found that IL-4 levels increases as prostate cancer progresses to castrate resistant status. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4730-1 increased IL10 level Interleukin-10 UPKB:P22301 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26848-2 Pubmed:30304975 IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 showed significant positive correlations with each other. Moreover, high levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were independently strongly associated with poor survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Patients with high IL-6, IL-8, or IL-10 expression (greater than median expression levels) exhibited a significantly shorter survival time, compared with patients with low expression (less than median expression levels) (p<0.001 for IL-6, p<0.01 for IL-8, and p<0.05 for IL-10) Univariate Cox analysis revealed that a high expression level of either IL-6, IL-8, or IL-10 was associated with poor survival (IL-6: HR = 0.204, 95% CI: 0.107-0.410, p<0.001; IL-8: HR = 0.303, 95% CI: 0.135-0.683, p<0.01; IL-10: HR = 0.336, 95% CI: 0.125-0.900, p<0.05). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4730-2 increased IL10 level Interleukin-10 UPKB:P22301 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26848-2 Pubmed:31986264 Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4730-2 increased IL10 level Interleukin-10 UPKB:P22301 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26848-2 Pubmed:32222466 IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4731-1 decreased IL10 level Interleukin-10 UPKB:P22301 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 26848-2 Pubmed:28420440 A reduction of plasma interleukin-10 levels significantly correlated with an increase in the mean number of metabolic risk factors such as increased waist circumference, BMI, dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure and glucose intolerance. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4732-1 increased CREA level Creatinine CHEBI:16737 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 38483-4 Pubmed:32475810 A larger study of 701 patients revealed that elevated serum creatinine levels on admission correlated with severity due to significant abnormalities in the coagulation pathway. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4732-1 increased CREA level Creatinine CHEBI:16737 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 38483-4 Pubmed:32247631 We found that patients with elevated baseline serum creatinine were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit and to undergo mechanical ventilation. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4733-1 increased UREA level Urea CHEBI:16199 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 22664-7 Pubmed:32475810 Univariate Cox regression analysis found elevated creatinine levels was also associated with in-hospital mortality (HR 2.99, 95% CI: 2.00, 4.47). Proteinuria, haematuria and elevated urea levels had similar, if not larger, hazard ratios. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4733-1 increased UREA level Urea CHEBI:16199 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 22664-7 Pubmed:32505227 Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4733-1 increased UREA level Urea CHEBI:16199 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 22664-7 Pubmed:32296824 We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4733-1 increased UREA level Urea CHEBI:16199 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 22664-7 Pubmed:32259132 Urea has very good accuracy in predicting cases with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4733-2 increased UREA level Urea CHEBI:16199 metabolite lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 22664-7 Pubmed:18845424 A raised serum urea above the upper limit of normal (ULN) significantly predicted for increased risk of early death. We have identified raised serum urea as a significant contributory factor that is predictive of an increased risk of early death in SCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4734-1 increased CST3 level Cystatin C UPKB:P01034 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 33863-2 Pubmed:32505227 Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4734-2 increased CST3 level Cystatin C UPKB:P01034 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 33863-2 Pubmed:23986888 Cystatin C was greatly increased in patients with ovarian cancer compared to patients with benign tumors. Results could be used as to differentiate between malignant and benign gynaecological tumors. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AN4558-1 increased DBIL level Direct bilirubin CHEBI:16990 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 35672-5 Pubmed:32296824 We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AN4558-1 increased DBIL level Direct bilirubin CHEBI:16990 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 35672-5 Pubmed:32311826 Increased levels of total bilirubin have been shown to distinguish between COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU vs those with less severe disease. condition;best_biomarker_role AN4558-1 increased DBIL level Direct bilirubin CHEBI:16990 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 35672-5 Pubmed:32505227 Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. condition;best_biomarker_role AN4558-1 increased BIL level Bilirubin CHEBI:16990 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 33898-8 Pubmed:32311826 Increased levels of total bilirubin have been shown to distinguish between COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU vs those with less severe disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AN4558-1 increased BIL level Bilirubin CHEBI:16990 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 33898-8 Pubmed:32505227 Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AN4558-1 increased BIL level Bilirubin CHEBI:16990 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 33898-8 Pubmed:32296824 We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. condition;best_biomarker_role AA4735-2 increased DBIL level Direct bilirubin CHEBI:16990 metabolite colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35672-5 Pubmed:29168585 Elevated TBIL, DBIL, and CEA were significantly associated with poor 5-year OS in stage IV CRC patients. Moreover, DBIL could be considered as an independent prognostic biomarker for OS. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4736-1 increased BCHE level Cholinesterase UPKB:P06276 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 11154-2 Pubmed:32505227 Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4736-2 increased BCHE level Cholinesterase UPKB:P06276 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 11154-2 Pubmed:30711999 Serum concentrations of albumin, cholinesterase and total cholesterol, and total peripheral lymphocyte count (TLC) were used as nutrition related markers. Results: In multivariate analysis of nutrition related markers, serum albumin and cholinesterase levels were found to be independent prognostic indicators. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4736-3 increased BCHE level Cholinesterase UPKB:P06276 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 11154-2 Pubmed:16233931 Serum cholinesterase activity was measured in diabetes, hypertensive and diabetic/hypertensive patients. The sample consisted of volunteer patients and was divided in a control group (n = 26), type 2 diabetic group (n = 16), hypertensive group (n = 12) and type 2 diabetic/hypertensive group (n = 26). In addition, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined. Serum cholinesterase activity in the control group was significantly lower in relation to the other groups (p < 0.001). Blood glucose levels were elevated in type 2 diabetic and type 2 diabetic/hypertensive groups. In vitro studies showed increased cholinesterase activity in the presence of glucose 5100 mM or insulin 0.525 UI (p < 0.001). Cholesterol and triglycerides were at normal levels only in the control group. Possibly, a relationship exists between the increase in serum cholinesterase and the vascular complications in the diabetic patients, potentially stimulated by the levels of glycemia and dyslipidemia. Although patients were receiving different medicines, the increase in enzyme activity was similar in all groups. This enzymatic profile suggests a possible interference of the diseases in the catalytic mechanism of the serum cholinesterase enzyme. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-1 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32048163 The combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-1 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32304745 Decreased albumin (p <0.001), and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p <0.001) at admission were significantly associated with severe and critical disease conditions (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-1 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32296824 We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-1 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32490680 Albumin levels could be used as an independent predictor of the risk of nonsurvivors in critically ill patients with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-2 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-3 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-4 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-5 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein thyroid cancer DOID:1781 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-6 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-7 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-8 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-9 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-10 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-11 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein lymphoma DOID:8584 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4737-12 decreased ALB level Albumin UPKB:P02768 protein esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 35706-1 Pubmed:32479790 Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin–globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4738-1 increased IL-2R level Interleukin-2 receptor UPKB:P01589 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 76039-7 Pubmed:33349241 With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >ug/L, WBC>9.5*10^9/L or NC >7.305*10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4738-2 increased IL-2R level Interleukin-2 receptor UPKB:P01589 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 76039-7 Pubmed:11961349 In 6 cases with lymph node metastasis, serum soluble IL-2R levels were significantly higher than in those without lymph node metastasis. Five of these 6 cases demonstrated statistically significantly increased levels of serum soluble IL-2R suggesting serum soluble IL-2R as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-1 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:33349241 With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >ug/L, WBC>9.5*10^9/L or NC >7.305*10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-1 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32352397 In this study, the most important finding was that the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count were independent risk factors for predicting the development of severe illness in COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-2 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-2 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-3 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-3 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-4 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-4 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-5 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-5 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-6 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-6 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-7 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-7 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-8 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-8 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-9 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-9 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-10 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-10 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-11 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell hematologic cancer DOID:2531 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-11 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell hematologic cancer DOID:2531 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-12 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32479790 Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4739-12 increased NEUT count Neutrophil CO:CL_0000775 cell esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 21418-9 Pubmed:32357994 Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4740-1 increased MONO count Monocyte CO:CL_0000576 cell prostate cancer DOID:10283 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:27823973 Serum monocyte fraction were significantly associated with high Gleason score prostate cancer. The number of white blood cell count was a lot higher in patients with a Gleason score higher than 7 prostate cancer than in patients without it. Suggesting an interaction of monocytes with the progression of prostate cancer. Serum monocyte fraction was also significantly higher in men with Gleason score prostate cancer than in men with negative biopsy and Gleason score prostate cancer in the cohort of men. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4741-1 decreased MONO count Monocyte CO:CL_0000576 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26484-6 Pubmed:32161940 Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4740-2 increased MONO count Monocyte CO:CL_0000576 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 26484-6 Pubmed:25814648 This monocyte signature was expressed at early disease onset, remained robust over the course of disease progression, and was specific for the monocytic fraction of mononuclear cells. The identified distinct signature in tumour-educated monocytes might be used as a candidate biomarker in CRC diagnosis and harbours the potential for disease follow-up and therapeutic monitoring. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4741-2 decreased MONO count Monocyte CO:CL_0000576 cell diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26484-6 Pubmed:32810439 We performed high dimensional flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing of COVID-19 patient peripheral blood cells and detected the disappearance of non-classical CD14LowCD16High monocytes, the accumulation of HLA-DRLow classical monocytes, and the release of massive amounts of calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) in severe cases. Immature CD10LowCD101-CXCR4+/- neutrophils with an immuno-suppressive profile accumulated as well in blood and lungs, suggesting emergency myelopoiesis. We finally showed that calprotectin plasma level and a routine flow cytometry assay detecting decreased frequencies of non-classical monocytes could discriminate patients who develop a severe COVID-19 form, suggesting a predictive value that deserves prospective evaluation. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4742-1 decreased BASO count Basophil CO:CL_0000767 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 26444-0 Pubmed:32161940 Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4742-2 decreased BASO count Basophil CO:CL_0000767 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 26444-0 Pubmed:32037496 As a common immune/inflammation-related biomarker available from the blood routine examination, low level of preoperative serum basophil count was associated with aggressive biology and indicated evidently poor survival. Preoperative serum basophil count would be a useful and simple marker for the management of CRC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4743-1 decreased TH count Helper T cell CO:CL_0000912 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 65758-5 Pubmed:32161940 Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4744-1 increased TH count Helper T cell CO:CL_0000912 cell diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 65758-5 Pubmed:31270583 Our results demonstrate that circulating CXCR5-PD-1hi Tph cells are associated with progression to clinical type 1 diabetes. Consequently, Tph cells could have potential both as a biomarker of disease progression and as a target for immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4745-1 increased NTH count Naive Th cell CO:CL_0000898 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 80720-6 Pubmed:32161940 Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4746-1 decreased NTH count Naive Th cell CO:CL_0000898 cell lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 80720-6 Pubmed:30246868 The frequency of Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as the ratios of CD4/HLA-DRlow monocytes and HLA-DRlow monocytes/pDC correlated with patient's overall survival. Next to Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive T cells represent prognostic markers for NSCLC patients and might be useful for monitoring of patients' responses to immunotherapies in future studies. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4747-1 decreased MTH count Memory Th cell CO:CL_0000813 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32161940 Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4748-1 increased MTH count Memory Th cell CO:CL_0000813 cell diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30574794 Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus had elevated percentages of effector memory T cells ((CD4+CD45RO+CD62L–; 21.8% ± 11.2% vs 17.0% ± 9.2% in non-type 2 diabetes mellitus, p < 0.01) and central memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+CD62L+; 38.0% ± 10.7% vs 36.0% ± 9.5% in non-type 2 diabetes mellitus, p < 0.01). The proportion of effector memory T cells was increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with cardiovascular disease as compared to those without (26.4% ± 11.5% vs 18.4% ± 10.2%, p < 0.05), while no difference in regulatory T cells was observed between these two patient groups. This study identifies effector memory T cells as a potential cellular biomarker for cardiovascular disease among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting a state of exacerbated immune activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cardiovascular disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4749-1 decreased TREG count Regulatory T cell CO:CL_0000815 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 90413-6 Pubmed:32161940 Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4749-1 decreased TREG count Regulatory T cell CO:CL_0000815 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 14135-8 Pubmed:32161940 Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4750-1 increased TREG count Regulatory T cell CO:CL_0000815 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 90413-6 Pubmed:27976733 The percentages of naive Treg were found elevated in NSCLC patients compared to HD and were associated with poor clinical outcome, whereas the percentage of terminal effector Treg was lower compared to HD and higher levels were correlated with improved clinical response. At baseline, normal levels of naive and effector Treg were associated with longer overall survival (OS) compared to high levels, while the high frequency of the terminal effector Treg was correlated with longer Progression-Free Survival and OS. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4751-1 increased ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate NCIt:C74611 cell skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 30341-2 Pubmed:29285390 Elevated ESR was found to be associated with metastatic disease and was also found to be a prognostic factor adversely affecting survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4751-2 increased ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate NCIt:C74611 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 30341-2 Pubmed:32503382 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (R=0.55, p < .01) was positively associated with CT severity scores. To sum up, we can conclude from the analysis of published studies that hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, and NLR), inflammatory (CRP, ESR, IL-6), and especially biochemical (D-dimer, Troponins, CK) parameters correlate with severe prognosis or exitus in COVID-19 patients and can therefore be used as predictive biomarkers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4751-2 increased ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate NCIt:C74611 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 30341-2 Pubmed:32324595 Inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4752-1 increased IL8 level Interleukin-8 UPKB:P10145 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 33211-4 Pubmed:32511562 COVID-19 is associated with high levels of [IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8]. We found that high serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF alpha levels at the time of hospitalization were strong and independent predictors of patient survival. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4752-2 increased IL8 level Interleukin-8 UPKB:P10145 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 33211-4 Pubmed:28791816 The study showed that IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels correlated with clinical disease stage and lymph node metastasis as well as with ER and HER2 antigen expression. Specifically, IL-6 and IL-8 seem to have significant potential as prognostic cancer biomarkers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4752-3 increased IL8 level Interleukin-8 UPKB:P10145 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 33211-4 Pubmed:28836077 Patients with T2D exhibited significantly higher serum IL-8 levels than non-diabetic subjects (69.27 ± 112.83 vs. 16.03 ± 24.27 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Patients with T2D display a marked elevation of circulating IL-8 levels which identify subjects with worse inflammatory, glycometabolic and lipid profile and lower vitamin D levels. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4753-1 increased TNNI3 level Cardiac troponin I UPKB:P19429 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 10839-9 Pubmed:32169400 cTnI values are significantly increased in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those with milder forms of disease. It is hence reasonable to hypothesize that initial measurement of cardiac damage biomarkers immediately after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as longitudinal monitoring during hospital stay, may help identifying a subset of patients with possible cardiac injury and thereby predict the progression of COVID-19 towards a worse clinical picture. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4753-1 increased TNNI3 level Cardiac troponin I UPKB:P19429 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 10839-9 Pubmed:32530509 High troponin I levels with either advanced age more than 60 years or elevated AST levels was the best model to predict poor outcomes. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4753-1 increased TNNI3 level Cardiac troponin I UPKB:P19429 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 10839-9 Pubmed:32171076 Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4753-1 increased TNNI3 level Cardiac troponin I UPKB:P19429 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 10839-9 Pubmed:32475810 A retrospective study performed in China of patients with confirmed COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, revealed a univariable odds ratio for death at 80.1 (95% CI 10.3-620.4, p<0.0001) for hs-TnI. Another study of 416 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 reported that hs-TnI was elevated in 1 in 5 patients on presentation. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4753-1 increased TNNI3 level Cardiac troponin I UPKB:P19429 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 10839-9 Pubmed:32251612 In a cohort of 191 patients with confirmed COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, the univariable odds ratio for death when high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations were above the 99th percentile upper reference limit was 80.1 (95% CI, 10.3-620.4; P<0.0001). This was higher than the odds ratios observed for all other biomarkers tested, including D-dimer and lymphocyte count. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4754-1 decreased K+ level Potassium PCCID:5462222 chemical element diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 51720-1 Pubmed:25325058 Diabetic patients frequently develop a constellation of electrolyte disorders. These disturbances are particularly common in decompensated diabetics, especially in the context of diabetic ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. These patients are markedly potassium, magnesium and phosphate-depleted. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4755-1 decreased SERPINC1 level Antithrombin UPKB:P01008 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 20991-6 Pubmed:32172226 Compared with healthy controls, the AT values were found to be lower in COVID-19 patients (85% vs. 99%; p<0.001). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4755-1 decreased SERPINC1 level Antithrombin UPKB:P01008 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 20991-6 Pubmed:32829961 The correlation between AT reduction to clinical outcomes can be extrapolated from studies in sepsis where this association has already been well established. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4756-1 increased SERPINC1 level Antithrombin UPKB:P01008 protein brain cancer DOID:1319 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 20991-6 Pubmed:19227008 Our results pointed antithrombin (down) and fibrinogen (up) regulated after a four months treatment deserving to be further verified as prognostic markers for this treatment. Possible links between tumor progression and anti-thrombin expression level are also discussed. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4757-1 increased FIB level Fibrinogen UPKB:P02671 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 30009-5 Pubmed:32172226 FIB values in SARS-CoV-2 patients were also higher than those in the control group (5.02 vs. 2.90 g/L; p<0.001). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4757-1 increased FIB level Fibrinogen UPKB:P02671 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 30009-5 Pubmed:32367765 Fibrinogen levels were shown to be much higher in patients with severe COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4758-1 increased NET level Neutrophil extracellular trap NCIt:C180931 DNA COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32511633 We now report that sera from patients with COVID-19 (n=50 patients, n=84 samples) have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3); the latter two are highly specific markers of NETs. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4758-1 increased NET level Neutrophil extracellular trap NCIt:C180931 DNA COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32302401 Indeed, we posit here that excess NETs may elicit the severe multi-organ consequences of COVID-19 via their known effects on tissues and the immune, vascular, and coagulation systems. There are multiple individual or combinatorial - and likely safe - therapeutic strategies available to antagonize NETs in COVID-19 patients today, and NETs themselves may be an appropriate biomarker to follow studies to test their efficacy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4758-1 increased NET level Neutrophil extracellular trap NCIt:C180931 DNA COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32511633 In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4758-2 increased NET level Neutrophil extracellular trap NCIt:C180931 DNA diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30671057 The results showed that NETs formation was obviously elevated in T2DM patients. An increased NETs formation was observed in DWR, NPDR, and PDR groups when compared with healthy controls. NE expression was also elevated in T2DM patients when compared with healthy controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-1 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32511633 We now report that sera from patients with COVID-19 (n=50 patients, n=84 samples) have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3); the latter two are highly specific markers of NETs. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-1 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32511633 Cit-H3 associated strongly with platelet levels. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-2 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29324871 Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-3 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29324871 Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-4 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29324871 Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-5 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein cervical cancer DOID:4362 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29324871 Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-6 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29324871 Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-7 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29324871 Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4759-8 increased CIT-H3 level Citrullinated histone H3 UPKB:P68431 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30992036 In T2DM, NETosis markers in circulating plasma, such as H3Cit and cfDNA, are related to glycemia control, systemic low-grade inflammation markers and previous MI. Enhanced NETosis detectable in circulating blood is associated with a prothrombotic state, especially hypofibrinolysis in T2DM patients. The present study shows that NETosis might contribute to thrombotic and cardiovascular risk in that disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4760-1 increased ALT level Alanine aminotransferase UPKB:P24298 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 76625-3 Pubmed:32311826 Alanine aminotransferase is present at increased level in COVID-19 patients with severe disease and as such may be useful to monitor in patients admitted to the ICU. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4760-1 increased ALT level Alanine aminotransferase UPKB:P24298 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 76625-3 Pubmed:32669866 Liver enzymes including ALT and AST are useful biomarkers of hepatic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Most liver diseases initially cause mild symptoms, but they must be detected early. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4760-1 increased ALT level Alanine aminotransferase UPKB:P24298 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 76625-3 Pubmed:32438331 Liver dysfunction with chronically increased serum Alanine aminotransferase indicates adverse outcome of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4760-1 increased ALT level Alanine aminotransferase UPKB:P24298 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 76625-3 Pubmed:32234718 Increase in alanine aminotransferase can be used to predict COVID-19 severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4760-1 increased ALT level Alanine aminotransferase UPKB:P24298 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 76625-3 Pubmed:32171076 Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4760-1 increased ALT level Alanine aminotransferase UPKB:P24298 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 76625-3 Pubmed:32259132 Our findings suggest that level of LDH, CRP, ALT and NEU can be used to predict the result of COVID-19 test. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4760-2 increased ALT level Alanine aminotransferase UPKB:P24298 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 76625-3 Pubmed:25043373 Several prospective studies have demonstrated associations between GGT or ALT and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, vascular and nonvascular mortality, and all cause mortality outcomes. Emerging evidence indicates that increasing levels of GGT and ALT may each be linked to cancer risk. A number of prospective studies have been published reporting on the associations between baseline levels of these enzymes and risk of cancer, but their results have been inconsistent, particularly for ALT. Whereas some studies have observed positive associations of circulating levels of these enzymes with risk of cancer, others have shown inverse associations, with some studies showing no associations at all. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4761-1 increased HGF level Hepatocyte growth factor UPKB:P14210 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 79394-3 Pubmed:16759302 Serum HGF concentration may be a new marker of atherosclerotic complications in patients with Type 2 DM. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4762-1 increased GOT1 level Aspartate aminotransferase UPKB:P17174 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32503382 AST is strongly associated with mortality risk compared to other parameters. Significant elevation in liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) is associated with critical changes in renal function parameters (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) and coagulation markers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4762-1 increased GOT1 level Aspartate aminotransferase UPKB:P17174 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32530509 High troponin I levels with either advanced age more than 60 years or elevated AST levels was the best model to predict poor outcomes. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4762-1 increased GOT1 level Aspartate aminotransferase UPKB:P17174 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32492406 Compared to non-severe patients, severe patients showed significant suppression of lymphocyte count and monocyte count, as well as increase of CRP and AST. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4762-1 increased GOT1 level Aspartate aminotransferase UPKB:P17174 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32286245 Combined with significant elevations in liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), renal biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine), and coagulation measures, a picture of MOF becomes very apparent in patients who develop the severe form of the disease, even with laboratory parameters measured primarily at admission. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4762-1 increased GOT1 level Aspartate aminotransferase UPKB:P17174 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32293098 Impending hyperinflammation can manifest as cytopenias (thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia), coagulopathy (low platelet and fibrinogen levels, and elevated d -dimer levels), tissue damage/hepatitis (elevated LDH, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels), and macrophage/hepatocyte activation (elevated ferritin levels). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4762-2 increased GOT1 level Aspartate aminotransferase UPKB:P17174 protein esophageal cancer DOID:5041 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:20376881 Increased levels of AST had a higher risk for esophageal cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4763-1 increased CK level Creatine kinase PRO:PR_000050361 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2157-6 Pubmed:32589600 COVID-19 patients typically present increased levels of biomarkers of muscle injury, namely creatine-kinase (CK) and myoglobin. However, the alterations of such biomarkers could be the result of several clinical conditions, including kidney dysfunction and cardiac injury, or a direct effect of the SARS-CoV-2, which can also infect cells of the muscle tissue due to the expression of the ACE2 receptor. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4763-1 increased CK level Creatine kinase PRO:PR_000050361 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2157-6 Pubmed:32503382 To sum up, we can conclude from the analysis of published studies that hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, and NLR), inflammatory (CRP, ESR, IL-6), and especially biochemical (D-dimer, Troponins, CK) parameters correlate with severe prognosis or exitus in COVID-19 patients and can therefore be used as predictive biomarkers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4763-1 increased CK level Creatine kinase PRO:PR_000050361 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2157-6 Pubmed:32247631 In keeping with this observation, 138 patients with COVID-19, who were admitted to an intensive care unit, showed a tendency toward increased creatine kinase levels. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4763-1 increased CK level Creatine kinase PRO:PR_000050361 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2157-6 Pubmed:32171076 Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4764-1 decreased Na+ level Sodium PCCID:5360545 chemical element esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33552948 Lower levels of sodium can indicate poorer results of esophageal carcinoma, but higher survival benefits of adjuvant therapy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4765-1 decreased Na+ level Sodium CHEBI:29101 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 2947-0 Pubmed:32766546 Interestingly, a large proportion of patients had sodium and calcium levels below the reference range on admission (28.7% and 20.6%, respectively). Hong et al. [15] recently reported similar findings, where 50% of COVID-19 patients they examined had hyponatremia and hypokalemia and they suggested there was a correlation with the degree of renal injury in those patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4766-1 increased Na+ level Sodium PCCID:5360545 chemical element lung cancer DOID:1324 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 2947-0 Pubmed:32219933 The influx of sodium (Na+ ) ions into a resting cell is regulated by Na+ channels and by Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, whereas Na+ ion efflux is mediated by the activity of Na+ /K+ -ATPase to maintain a high transmembrane Na+ ion gradient. Dysfunction of this system leads to changes in the intracellular sodium concentration that promotes cancer metastasis by mediating invasion and migration. Alterations in the Na+ ion concentration may potentially be used as a biomarker for malignant tumor diagnosis and prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4766-2 increased Na+ level Sodium PCCID:5360545 chemical element diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 2947-0 Pubmed:18488152 The results of this study showed that Na level were higher in blood and scalp hair samples of hypertensive diabetic (HD) patients and nonhypertensive diabetic (NHD) patients as compared to control subjects of both genders (p < 0.05). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4767-1 decreased CIT level Plasma citrulline CHEBI:18211 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 2129-5 Pubmed:32646736 In our cohort study, we showed that a majority of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 had decreased levels of plasma citrulline, which correlated with digestive symptoms and systemic inflammation. Low citrulline is likely involved in SARS-CoV-2-associated diarrhea by causing alteration of intestinal permeability and enterocyte malabsorption. It could also participate in the significant weight loss that is observed in patients with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4767-2 decreased CIT level Plasma citrulline CHEBI:18211 metabolite colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2129-5 Pubmed:25473654 Plasma citrulline (Cit) is an amino acid that is produced by small bowel enterocytes. The plasma citrulline level is a reliable and objective biochemical marker of enterocyte mass and function in humans, and therefore can be used to monitor enterocyte toxicity resulting from chemotherapy and radiotherapy during anticancer therapy in patients with severely disturbed gut integrity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4768-1 increased CK-MB level Creatine kinase MB PRO:PR_000050356 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 20569-0 Pubmed:32220650 Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4768-1 increased CK-MB level Creatine kinase MB PRO:PR_000050356 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 20569-0 Pubmed:32596365 A meta-analysis which included 4189 confirmed patients of COVID-19 from 28 studies pointed out that cardiac injury biomarkers rose above normal by the midpoint of hospitalization and spiked immediately before death, which seemed to be the most seen in severe cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4769-1 increased ALDH5A1 level Alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase UPKB:P51649 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 1677-4 Pubmed:32161968 LDH and alpha-HBDH may be considerable markers for evaluation of NCOVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4769-1 increased ALDH5A1 level Alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase UPKB:P51649 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 1677-4 Pubmed:32209382 This study reveals that the heart is also a major target of COVID-19 infection, and myocardial enzyme spectrum assays could help the diagnosis, prognosis and guide the treatments to prevent heart failure in COVID-19 patients. [DOI:https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-23849/v1] We noted significantly increased cTnI, CK, HBDB and LDH levels in very severe group as compare to severe. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4770-1 increased CSF1 level Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 UPKB:P09603 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:23688065 Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) regulates growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and functionally activates the maturation of macrophages. The M-CSF in breast cancer patients were investigated and compared with control groups. The medians of M-CSF, which was 464.28 pg/ml in its levels similarly to the level of the commonly accepted tumor marker, which is CA 15-3 at 25.00 U/ml in the total group of breast cancer patients were significantly higher when compared to the healthy subjects, which is 298.55 pg/ml (p < 0.001). In other words, the median levels of M-CSF in breast cancer total group were statistically higher than in benign breast tumor patients group (p = 0.0004). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4771-1 increased KITLG level Stem cell factor UPKB:P21583 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32561706 SCF were significantly higher in fatal than severe and/or mild COVID-19 patients. The temporal changes of the identified CCGFs may serve as biomarkers for prognosis of COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4771-1 increased KITLG level Stem cell factor UPKB:P21583 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32292113 Regulatory DCs (regDCs) play an important role in controlling immune homeostasis and can possess an immunosuppressive ability to induce specific immune tolerance and dampen Th2 type inflammation. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4771-1 increased KITLG level Stem cell factor UPKB:P21583 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32257537 Therefore, the fact that the transplantation of MSCs improved the outcome of COVID-2019 patients may be due to regulating inflammatory response and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4772-1 increase KITLG level Stem cell factor UPKB:P21583 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31254605 Increase in SCF causes a downregulation of certain proteins which induces and activates metastasis in breast cancer patients after surgery. SCF triggers the activation of transcription factors involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, which are frequently associated with tumor progression or metastasis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4735-3 increased BIL level Bilirubin CHEBI:16990 metabolite ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 33898-8 Pubmed:32509218 This study found that the increased level of serum bilirubin correlates with better prognosis in patients with EOC. In this study, patients with higher preoperative serum TBIL and IBL levels showed prolonged OS and PFS compared with those with lower preoperative TBIL and IBL levels. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4773-1 decreased PF4 level Platelet factor 4 UPKB:P02776 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 6002-0 Pubmed:32492406 In a proteomic investigation of sera in SARS patients, decreasing PF4 was found to be associated with poor prognosis which is in consistent with our findings in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4774-1 presence of rs12674822 in ANGP2 Angiopoietin-2 gene NCBI: 285 gene colorectal cancer DOID:9256 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31929743 Genetic variants of the Angpt2 rs12674822 polymorphism appears to be correlated with the risk of CRC and PFS in CRC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4775-1 increased ENO2 level Neuron-specific enolase UPKB:P09104 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19193-2 Pubmed:32347972 This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4775-1 increased ENO2 level Neuron-specific enolase UPKB:P09104 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19193-2 Pubmed:16033098 Tumor marker serum levels were related to histological type and tumor extension, with ProGRP being the most sensitive marker in SCLC, CEA in adenocarcinomas and CYFRA 21-1 in squamous tumors. The most sensitive combinations of tumor markers were ProGRP and NSE in SCLC (88%), and CEA plus CYFRA in NSCLC (82%). In summary, ProGRP is the tumor marker of choice in SCLC and NSE is a complementary tumor marker in this histological type. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4775-1 increased ENO2 level Neuron-specific enolase UPKB:P09104 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19193-2 Pubmed:32504736 Tumor biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and Pro-Gastrin Releasing Peptide (ProGRP), were elevated. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4775-1 increased ENO2 level Neuron-specific enolase UPKB:P09104 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19193-2 Pubmed:16062024 Alteration of serum tumor markers cytokeratin 19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase is associated with particular tumor histology, smoking habit, more advanced disease and poor prognosis. The number of patients with elevated levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment and neuron-specific enolase was higher in more advanced disease than in early lung cancer (p=0.036 and p=0.036, respectively). Preoperative levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment (p=0.017 and p=0.016, respectively) and neuron-specific enolase (p=0.03 and p=0.006, respectively) were significantly associated with more advanced disease and tumor size, as well as tumor histology in non-small cell lung cancer (p=0.03 and p=0.016, respectively). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4775-1 increased ENO2 level Neuron-specific enolase UPKB:P09104 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19193-2 Pubmed:30994045 Our results confirm that patients with lung cancer have increased serum levels of CEA, CYFRA 21-1, ProGRP, and NSE compared to patients with benign disease. Moreover, we found a strong association among the SCLC patients and high levels of ProGRP and NSE. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4775-2 increased ENO2 level Neuron-specific enolase UPKB:P09104 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19193-2 Pubmed:32504736 In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predicte the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4775-2 increased ENO2 level Neuron-specific enolase UPKB:P09104 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 19193-2 Pubmed:32347972 Presence of elevated NSE levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4776-1 increased PROGRP level Progastrin releasing peptide PRO:PR_000050383 peptide lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:16033098 Tumor marker serum levels were related to histological type and tumor extension, with ProGRP being the most sensitive marker in SCLC. The most sensitive combinations of tumor markers were ProGRP and NSE in SCLC (88%), and CEA plus CYFRA in NSCLC (82%). In summary, ProGRP is the tumor marker of choice in SCLC and NSE is a complementary tumor marker in this histological type. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4776-1 increased PROGRP level Progastrin releasing peptide PRO:PR_000050383 peptide lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32504736 Tumor biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and Pro-Gastrin Releasing Peptide (ProGRP), were elevated in cases than those in controls (pall<0.01. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4776-1 increased PROGRP level Progastrin releasing peptide PRO:PR_000050383 peptide lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:27747005 Plasma proGRP level could be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring biomarker for patients with SCLC and the initial level may help with SCLC tumor staging. At cutoff level of 63 pg/mL, proGRP shows 85.7% sensitivity, 90.2% specificity, 72.5% positive predictive value and 95.4% negative predictive value in patients with SCLC. Median proGRP level was higher in extensive disease (1,055.2 pg/mL) than limited disease (253.8 pg/mL, P=0.005). Median OS was significantly shorter in patients with extensive disease (6.0±0.7 months) than limited disease (12.7±4.5 months, P<0.01). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4776-2 increased PROGRP level Progastrin releasing peptide PRO:PR_000050383 peptide COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32504736 In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predicte the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4777-1 decreased SaO2 level Oxygen saturation NCIt:C60832 chemical element COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2713-6 Pubmed:32471703 Oxygen saturation (SaO2) was found as another candidate marker of progressive severity. The fact that it was so tightly associated to hospitalization or even death in our model is unsurprising, because a low SaO2 is one of the main criteria for the definition of a severe case. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4778-1 increased VEGF-D level Vascular endothelial growth factor D UPKB:O43915 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 82911-9 Pubmed:32576222 VEGF-D was identified as the most important indicator related to the severity of COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4778-1 increased VEGF-D level Vascular endothelial growth factor D UPKB:O43915 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 82911-9 Pubmed:31986264 Initial plasma VEGF concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4778-2 increased VEGF-D level Vascular endothelial growth factor D UPKB:O43915 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 82911-9 Pubmed:12576440 VEGF-D expression may play a crucial role for lymph node metastasis of breast cancers. Our data identifying VEGF-D expression in tumors of patients with a poor survival prognosis provides, to our knowledge, a first analysis of this VEGF as prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4779-1 increased BTK level Bruton tyrosine kinase UPKB:Q06187 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 75708-8 Pubmed:32503877 Analysis revealed significantly elevated BTK activity, as evidenced by autophosphorylation, and increased IL-6 production. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4779-1 increased BTK level Bruton tyrosine kinase UPKB:Q06187 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 75708-8 Pubmed:32388230 In contrast, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib, may actually have some protective effect. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4780-1 increased MB level Myoglobin UPKB:P02144 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2639-3 Pubmed:32450473 An increased concentration of myoglobin was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization mortality in non-survivors with NCIP. In conclusion, our study provides important documentation that in this single-center, an elevated serum concentration of myoglobin (>/=306.5 ug/L) is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization mortality in non-survivor with NCIP, independent of elevation in CK-MB and Troponin I levels. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4780-1 increased MB level Myoglobin UPKB:P02144 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2639-3 Pubmed:32305557 The severity of COVID-19 is associated with acute cardiac injury, and acute cardiac injury is associated with death. Cardiac injury biomarkers mainly increase in non-survivors. This highlights the need to effectively monitor heart health to prevent myocarditis in patients infected with COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4781-1 increased HBA1C level Glycosylated hemoglobin PDB:3B75 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 4548-4 Pubmed:32416121 High HbA1c level is associated with inflammation, hypercoagulability, and low SaO2 in COVID-19 patients, and the mortality rate (27.7%) is higher in patients with diabetes. Determining HbA1c level after hospital admission is thus helpful assessing inflammation, hypercoagulability, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4781-2 increased HBA1C level Glycosylated hemoglobin PDB:3B75 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 4548-4 Pubmed:32189971 Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c Is associated with Anthropometric Measurements and Tumor Characteristics in Breast Cancer Patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4781-3 increased HBA1C level Glycosylated hemoglobin PDB:3B75 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 4548-4 Pubmed:32403389 HbA1c measurements may be useful not only in optimizing glycemic control but also as a tool for managing overall vascular risk in patients with diabetes. The degree of glycemic control (HbA1c levels) provide valuable information on the vascular status of patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4782-1 increased LILRB4 level Leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B4 UPKB:Q8NHJ6 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33737684 Increased expression of LILRB4 was associated with increased disease severity in this study, suggesting a possible decrease in monocyte activation leading to an immune suppressive microenvironment. LILRB4 represents a compelling target to investigate COVID343 19 treatment. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4783-1 increased IGG level Immunoglobulin G PRO:PR_000050252 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 2465-3 Pubmed:33372199 IgM and IgG immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were profiled in the serum of ten COVID-19 patients. Such epitope biomarkers provide insight into the immune response to COVID-19 and are potential targets for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine development. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4784-1 increased IGM level Immunoglobulin M PRO:PR_000050257 protein complex COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 2472-9 Pubmed:33372199 IgM and IgG immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were profiled in the serum of ten COVID-19 patients. Such epitope biomarkers provide insight into the immune response to COVID-19 and are potential targets for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine development. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4785-1 increased EB level Ethyl butanoate CHEBI:88764 metabolite colorectal cancer DOID:9256 diagnostic feces UBERON:0001988 Pubmed:30828825 Volatile organic compound analysis may have a superior diagnostic ability for the identification of colorectal adenocarcinoma, when compared to other faecal biomarkers, including those currently employed in UK. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4786-1 decreased IP level Isopropanol CHEBI:17824 metabolite colorectal cancer DOID:9256 diagnostic feces UBERON:0001988 32084-6 Pubmed:30828825 Volatile organic compound analysis may have a superior diagnostic ability for the identification of colorectal adenocarcinoma, when compared to other faecal biomarkers, including those currently employed in UK. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4787-1 increased SIGLEC1 level Sialoadhesin UPKB:Q9BZZ2 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33206973 mCD169 could predict SARS-CoV-2 infection at hospital admission during the outbreak. This biomarker could be relevant for triage and rapid therapeutic decision in patients suspected of acute viral infections since mCD169 can be overexpressed in other infections responsible of outbreaks such as influenza or dengue fever. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4787-2 increased SIGLEC1 level Sialoadhesin UPKB:Q9BZZ2 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:26509874 Quantitative analysis revealed that the percentages of circulating CD14+CD169+ monocytes from the patients were significantly higher than from HC (18.21% vs. 1.42%, P<0.0001; Fig 1C). Hence, significantly increased percentages of circulating CD14+CD169+ monocytes existed in CRC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4788-1 increased VWF level von Willebrand factor UPKB:P04275 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 41867-3 Pubmed:32619411 We also show that critical illness is associated with further elevations in VWF, as well as increases in soluble P-selectin and sCD40L when compared with controls. Together, these results provide biochemical evidence that endotheliopathy and platelet activation are ubiquitous in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and might play key roles in the progression of disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4788-2 increased VWF level von Willebrand factor UPKB:P04275 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 41867-3 Pubmed:30386613 The VWF: Ag levels were higher in patients with severe liver fibrosis stage and/or HCC development than in those without. The area under the curve of VWF: Ag for diagnosis of severe liver fibrosis stage was 0.721. Multivariable analysis showed that only VWF: Ag was a predictive biomarker for HCC development. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4789-1 increased SELP level P-selectin UPKB:P16109 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 17181-9 Pubmed:32757722 Biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. P-selectin and sCD40L contribute to thrombosis by supporting platelet-myeloid heteroaggregate formation and thrombi stability by interaction with PSGL-1 and alpha IIb beta3, respectively. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4789-1 increased SELP level P-selectin UPKB:P16109 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 17181-9 Pubmed:32619411 We also show that critical illness is associated with further elevations in VWF, as well as increases in soluble P-selectin and sCD40L when compared with controls. Together, these results provide biochemical evidence that endotheliopathy and platelet activation are ubiquitous in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and might play key roles in the progression of disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4790-1 increased CD40LG level CD40 ligand UPKB:P29965 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:14760083 Patients with lung cancer had median sCD40L levels higher than in control subjects (0.46 versus 0.13 ng/ml; P < 0.0001), although correlation with the stage of disease was not evident. Nonetheless, sCD40L levels were significantly higher in squamous cancer compared with adenocarcinoma (0.75 versus 0.27 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Moreover, median sCD40L levels were higher in stage IV compared with nonmetastatic squamous lung cancer (1.02 versus 0.61 ng/ml; P < 0.05). sCD40L levels significantly correlated with sP-selectin (P < 0.001), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (P < 0.001), or thrombin-antithrombin III complex (P < 0.05) in squamous lung cancer, but only sP-selectin (P = 0.011) was independently related to sCD40L. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4790-2 increased CD40LG level CD40 ligand UPKB:P29965 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:24745825 Serum sCD40L levels were significantly higher in PDAC group compared with non-cancer groups in both training (p < 0.05) and validation (p < 0.05 datasets. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated patients with high-serum sCD40L (> 35,000 ng/ml) had a poorer prognosis than those with low serum sCD40L (log-rank, p = 0.015). Serum sCD40L is correlated with immunosuppression and angiogenesis in PDAC carcinogenesis/progression, and is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PDAC superior to CA19-9 and CEA. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4790-3 increased CD40LG level CD40 ligand UPKB:P29965 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32619411 We also show that critical illness is associated with further elevations in VWF, as well as increases in soluble P-selectin and sCD40L when compared with controls. Together, these results provide biochemical evidence that endotheliopathy and platelet activation are ubiquitous in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and might play key roles in the progression of disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4790-3 increased CD40LG level CD40 ligand UPKB:P29965 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32757722 Biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. P-selectin and sCD40L contribute to thrombosis by supporting platelet-myeloid heteroaggregate formation and thrombi stability by interaction with PSGL-1 and alpha IIb beta3, respectively. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4791-1 increased THBD level Thrombomodulin UPKB:P07204 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:11570577 The preoperative plasma TM level of patients with HCC (10.2+/-5.7 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of those patients with benign liver-occupying lesion (6.1+/-2.2 ng/ml) and that of normal controls (5.7+/-1.0 ng/ml), respectively (P<0.05). Plasma TM increases in patients with HCC and can be a biomarker of the formation of PVTT. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4792-1 decreased THBD level Thrombomodulin NCBI: 7056 gene ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:23918310 The migratory ability of ovarian cancer cells was enhanced dramatically after TM silencing. TM overexpression in ovarian cells suppressed the proliferation and migration capability. Furthermore, we found that skov-3 cells treated with TM shRNA expressed high levels of fibronectin and vimentin and that the expression of these markers correlated positively with their migratory ability. Our results demonstrate that TM expression may regulate cell growth and migration in ovarian cancer cells. This finding suggests that TM may be a novel prognostic and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4791-2 increased THBD level Thrombomodulin UPKB:P07204 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32619411 In all patients, soluble thrombomodulin concentrations greater than 3.26 ng/mL were associated with lower rates of hospital discharge (22 [88%] of 25 patients with low concentrations vs 13 [52%] of 25 patients with high concentrations; p=0.0050) and lower likelihood of survival on Kaplan-Meier analysis (hazard ratio 5.9, 95% CI 1.9-18.4; p=0.0087). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4793-1 increased EDN1 level Endothelin-1 UPKB:P05305 protein head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:26537720 Serum big ET-1 levels may be useful as a diagnostic tool in OSCC and as an adjunct to OSCC staging. By comparing the mean of the big ET-1 concentrations of cases and controls, the independent t-test revealed significant higher big ET-1 concentration of OSCC cases when compared to controls (p<0.0001). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4794-1 increased CFDNA level Cell-free DNA NCIt:C128274 DNA skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 75605-6 Pubmed:29175734 Baseline cfDNA concentration correlated with pre-treatment tumour burden (p = 0.52, P < 0.001). Baseline cfDNA levels correlated significantly with hazard of death and overall survival, and a cut off value of 89 pg/ul identified two distinct prognostic groups (HR = 2.22 for high cfDNA, P = 0.004). Patients with cfDNA 89 pg/ul had shorter OS (10.0 versus 22.7 months, P = 0.009; HR = 2.22 for high cfDNA, P = 0.004) In addition, the ratio between baseline cfDNA and tumour burden was prognostic (HR = 2.7 for cfDNA/tumour volume 8 pg/(l*cm3), P = 0.024). Plasma cfDNA level correlates to tumour volume and is a surrogate biomarker for tumour burden and a prognostic marker for survival in metastatic melanoma patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4794-2 increased CFDNA level Cell-free DNA NCIt:C128274 DNA COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32511633 Cell-free DNA strongly correlated with absolute neutrophil count. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4795-1 increased OXLDL level Oxidized low-density lipoprotein CHEBI:39026 lipoprotein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 risk blood UBERON:0000178 54238-1 Pubmed:15533907 Higher levels of serum oxLDL may increase risk of colorectal cancer. Cases included both colon and rectal cancers. Risk for colon cancer only was increased with high serum oxLDL levels after adjusting for gender, age, study area, and potential confounders. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4796-1 increased NPPB level N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide UPKB:P16860 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 risk blood UBERON:0000178 71425-3 Pubmed:20837460 Among 35 patients with lung cancer, 26 (74%) had elevated NT-proBNP (>/= 125 pg/mL), versus 9 (26%) with NT-proBNP < 125 pg/mL (P < .0001). By multivariate analysis, the presence of lung cancer was an independent risk factor for a level of NT-proBNP >/= 125 pg/mL (odds ratio, 7; 95% CI, 2.9-17; P < .0001). In our study, patients with lung cancer were 7 times more likely to have elevated NT-proBNP (>/= 125 pg/mL). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4796-2 increased NPPB level N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide UPKB:P16860 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 71425-3 Pubmed:32434874 This meta-analysis showed elevated NT-proBNP level was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4797-1 increased RDW Coefficient of RBC distribution width NCIt:C64800 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32296824 We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4798-1 increased MMP8 level Matrix metalloproteinase-8 UPKB:P22894 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic saliva UBERON:0001836 Pubmed:33254580 Periodontitis could be associated with severe COVID-19 infections. According to several studies, the excessive elevation and activation of MMP-8 (aMMP-8) is linked to the progression of periodontitis, which is also reflected in oral fluids. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4798-2 increased MMP8 level Matrix metalloproteinase-8 UPKB:P22894 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29808017 The patients with high-serum MMP-8 levels (>100 ng/mL) had poor cancer-specific survival, independent of tumour stage, grade, lymphatic invasion, patient age, BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry, mismatch repair deficiency, Immunoscore and mGPS. High-serum MMP-8 levels are associated with systemic inflammation and adverse outcome in CRC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4799-1 increased TGFBI level Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein UPKB:Q15582 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32937590 We report a highly reliable severity diagnostic biomarker, acetylated 676th lysine transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp K676Ac). TGFBIp K676Ac was consistently elevated in the blood of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (n = 113), especially in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared to non-ICU patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4800-1 increased TNNT2 level High-sensitivity troponin-T UPKB:P45379 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 89575-5 Pubmed:33003961 In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, hs-TnT identifies patients at high risk for adverse in-hospital events, and trends of hs-TnT over time, particularly during the first day, provide additional prognostic information. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4801-1 increased LGALS3 level Galectin-3 UPKB:P17931 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32973815 GAL3 could be a good prognostic marker for severe COVID-19 and that elevated plasma levels of GAL3 can participate in triggering the cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4801-2 increased LGALS3 level Galectin-3 UPKB:P17931 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic colon UBERON:0001155 Pubmed:28085015 High expression of tumoral gal-3 was associated with tumor size, poor differentiation and negatively related to low E-cadherin expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumoral gal-3 expression was the only independent predictor of both tumor recurrence and overall survival after resection. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4801-3 increased LGALS3 level Galectin-3 UPKB:P17931 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:25501605 Gal-3 is a promising biomarker for detecting prediabetes and diabetes. Sixty-one patients had prediabetes (Group 1), 57 had diabetes (Group 2), and 56 had neither diabetes nor prediabetes (Group 3) Gal-3 levels were higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3. [1,053.9 (358.1) and 744.1 (119.3) vs. 481.7 (175.4) pg/mL; P < 0.001. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4802-1 increased S100A9 level Protein S100A9 UPKB:P06702 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32989935 Among the most highly increased inflammatory mediators in severe/critically ill patients, S100A9, an alarmin and TLR4 ligand, was found as a noteworthy biomarker, because it inversely correlated with the serum albumin levels. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4802-2 increased S100A9 level Protein S100A9 UPKB:P06702 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:25673070 Serum and mRNA expression levels of S100A8 and S100A9 were found to be upregulated in patients with RCC. The overexpression of S100A8 and S100A9 in cancer cells was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4802-3 Increased S100A9 level Protein S100A9 UPKB:P06702 protein diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31262951 S100A9 and Galectin-3 are overexpressed in PCDM tumors and mediate insulin resistance. Galectin-3 and S100A9 distinguish PCDM from type 2 diabetes in subjects with new-onset diabetes. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4803-1 increased NEFL level Neurofilament light chain UPKB:P07196 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33875374 COVID-19 patients who later developed intensive care unit acquired weakness had significantly higher NfL and GFAp in the early phase of ICU care. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4803-2 increased NEFL level Neurofilament light chain UPKB:P07196 protein brain cancer DOID:1319 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33023150 The median NfL level was significantly higher in patients with brain metastases than in patients without (35 versus 16 pg/mL, p = 0.001) and separated patients with an area under the curve of 0.77 (0.66-0.89). An increase in NfL could be measured median 3 months (range: 1-5) before the brain metastasis diagnosis. Further, a high level of NfL at time of brain metastasis diagnosis correlated with an inferior survival (hazard ratio: 2.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.11-3.98)). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4804-1 increased TXB2 level Thromboxane B2 CHEBI:28728 metabolite COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 3012-2 Pubmed:32757722 Biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Increased plasma TxB2 levels indicate the activation of platelets via COX-1. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4804-2 increased TXB2 level Thromboxane B2 CHEBI:28728 metabolite urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic urine UBERON:0001088 3012-2 Pubmed:21983220 We found increased levels of thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) the major metabolite of TXAS and increased levels of the TP beta receptor. These results raised the possibility that patients with bladder cancer may be followed for progression or remission of their disease by quantitation of these substances in their urine. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4805-1 increased MPV level Mean platelet volume NCIt:C74730 cell COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 28542-9 Pubmed:32757722 Biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MPV is a biomarker of platelet hyperactivity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4806-1 decreased MPV Mean platelet volume NCIt:C74730 cell colorectal cancer DOID:9256 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 28542-9 Pubmed:30800188 NRL, PLR, and MPV may be useful markers in diagnostic and early recognition of different stages of CRC; additionally combined all together have stronger diagnostic efficacy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4807-1 increased C5 level Complement C5A UPKB:P01031 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 4505-4 Pubmed:33123364 We identified elevated levels of plasma C3a and C5a in HD patients with severe COVID-19 compared with controls. Serial sampling identified that C5a levels were elevated prior to clinical deterioration in patients who developed severe disease. C3a more closely mirrored both clinical and biochemical disease severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4807-2 increased C5 level Complement C5A UPKB:P01031 protein head and neck cancer DOID:11934 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 4505-4 Pubmed:29423024 Higher C5a concentrations correlated with tumor differentiation and OSCC extension state. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4808-1 increased C3 level Complement 3A UPKB:P01024 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33123364 We identified elevated levels of plasma C3a and C5a in HD patients with severe COVID-19 compared with controls. Serial sampling identified that C5a levels were elevated prior to clinical deterioration in patients who developed severe disease. C3a more closely mirrored both clinical and biochemical disease severity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4808-2 increased C3 level Complement 3A UPKB:P01024 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:20012107 C3a fragment is a potential marker for the early detection of HCV-related HCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4809-1 increased CX3CL1 level Fractalkine UPKB:P78423 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32582936 Serum levels of fractalkine, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were elevated in patients with mild disease, dramatically elevated in severe cases, and decreased in the convalescence phase. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4809-2 increased CX3CL1 level Fractalkine UPKB:P78423 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:28845524 Fractalkine/CX3CR1 could serve as a diagnostic marker and as a potential target for chemotherapy in early stage pancreatic cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4810-1 increased VCAM-1 level Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 UPKB:P19320 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 75627-0 Pubmed:32582936 Serum levels of fractalkine, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were elevated in patients with mild disease, dramatically elevated in severe cases, and decreased in the convalescence phase. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4810-2 increased VCAM-1 level Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 UPKB:P19320 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 75627-0 Pubmed:24771582 The current findings demonstrate that VCAM1 promotes tumor progression in CRC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4811-1 increased ICAM-1 level Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 UPKB:P05362 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 17174-4 Pubmed:32582936 Serum levels of fractalkine, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were elevated in patients with mild disease, dramatically elevated in severe cases, and decreased in the convalescence phase. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4812-1 decreased ICAM-1 level Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 UPKB:P05362 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 17174-4 Pubmed:32195055 Improved prognosis was associated with … decreased Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) mRNA expression in lung cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4813-1 increased AOC3 level Vascular adhesion protein-1 UPKB:Q16853 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32582936 Serum levels of fractalkine, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were elevated in patients with mild disease, dramatically elevated in severe cases, and decreased in the convalescence phase. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4813-2 increased AOC3 level Vascular adhesion protein-1 UPKB:Q16853 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30160019 VAP-1 is shown to be a biomarker that can predict invasive potential and clinical outcome in breast cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4814-1 decreased SELENOP level Selenoprotein P UPKB:P49908 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32708526 The Se status was significantly higher in samples from surviving COVID patients as compared with non-survivors (Se; 53.3 ± 16.2 vs. 40.8 ± 8.1 µg/L, SELENOP; 3.3 ± 1.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.9 mg/L), recovering with time in survivors while remaining low or even declining in non-survivors. We conclude that Se status analysis in COVID patients provides diagnostic information patients suffering from COVID-19 display a deficiency in the essential trace element Se in blood, along with low concentrations of the Se transporter SELENOP and low enzymatic activity of the secreted GPx3. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4815-1 increased IL17A level Interleukin-17A UPKB:Q16552 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 82334-4 Pubmed:32576222 Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4816-1 increased IL18 level Interleukin-18 UPKB:Q14116 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 33823-6 Pubmed:32576222 Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4817-1 increased IL15 level Interleukin-15 UPKB:P40933 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32576222 Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4818-1 presence of L858R mutaion in EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor gene NCBI: 1956 gene lung cancer DOID:1324 diagnostic lung UBERON:0002048 13659-8 Pubmed:23599147 EGFR mutation-specific (E746-A750del and L858R) antibodies could be an additional tool distinguishing primary versus metastatic carcinomas in the lung. EGFR mutation-specific antibodies are negative in other tumors that overexpress wild-type EGFR protein. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4819-1 increased HP level Haptoglobin UPKB:P00738 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 4542-7 Pubmed:27648369 HP may be a potential serological biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma diagnostics, especially in male subjects. We found that HP levels were significantly higher and APOA1 levels were significantly lower in lung cancer patients. However, after the participants were stratified by gender, the expression trends of HP and APOA1 in lung cancer patients existed only in men, which is gender specific phenomenon. HP, APOA1 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), used for distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma, had a sensitivity of 64%, 64% and 79%, respectively. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of HP, APOA1 and CEA were 0.768, 0.761 and 0.884, respectively. When restricted to male subjects, HP, APOA1 and CEA showed sensitivity of 89%, 73% and 100%, respectively. AUC of HP, APOA1 and CEA were 0.929, 0.840 and 0.877, respectively. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4820-1 increased ALCAM level Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule UPKB:Q13740 protein skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Pubmed:26134500 High ALCAM expression in primary melanoma cells (IRS >/=8) is strongly correlated with unfavorable prognosis as compared with patients with lower ALCAM immunoreactivity in tumor compartment as regards cancer specific overall survival (CSOS) (P = 0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001). High ALCAM expression in melanoma cells of the primary tumor can be used as a marker of negative outcome and may indicate a more invasive phenotype of cancer cells, which would require a more intensive therapeutic strategy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4821-1 decreased BRMS1 level Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 UPKB:Q9HCU9 protein skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Pubmed:20935672 BRMS1 expression was significantly correlated with disease-specific 5-year survival of melanoma patients (P=0.007, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that BRMS1 staining was an independent prognostic factor for melanoma patients (relative risk=0.51; confidence interval=0.29-0.91; P=0.022). BRMS1 expression was significantly decreased in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma or dysplastic nevi (P=0.021 and 0.001, respectively, chi(2) test). BRMS1 may serve an important prognostic marker and therapeutic target for melanoma patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4822-1 presence of methylation in DCC DCC netrin receptor 1 NCBI: 1630 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4823-1 decreased EDNRB level Endothelin receptor type B UPKB:P24530 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic breast UBERON:0000310 Pubmed:32934717 EDNRB expression was low in TNBC samples (P<0.01). In conclusion, EDNRB was associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with TNBC, and may be used as a novel prognostic biomarker. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4824-1 presence of promoter methylation in EDNRB Endothelin receptor type B gene NCBI: 1910 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4825-1 decreased GATA-4 level Transcription factor GATA-4 UPKB:P43694 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic breast UBERON:0000310 Pubmed:30187949 GATA4 overexpression decreased viability, invasion, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of MB-231 and BT549 cells, and markedly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that GATA4 is a potential prognostic biomarker and gene therapeutic target for human BrCa. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4826-1 increased GATA-4 level Transcription factor GATA-4 UPKB:P43694 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic liver UBERON:0002107 Pubmed:27788486 This GATA4/miR125b/DKK3 axis may be a major regulator of growth, migration, invasion, and survival in hepatoma cells, and is therefore a potential therapeutic target or biomarker for progression in HB patients. GATA4 expression and activity were high in liver tumors in children, but not in adults. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4827-1 presence of promoter methylation in GATA4 Transcription factor GATA-4 gene NCBI: 2626 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4827-1 presence of promoter methylation in GATA4 Transcription factor GATA-4 gene NCBI: 2626 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. best_biomarker_role;condition AA4827-1 methylation in GATA4 Transcription factor GATA-4 gene NCBI: 2626 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;best_biomarker_role;condition AA4827-1 methylation in GATA4 Transcription factor GATA-4 gene NCBI: 2626 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. condition;best_biomarker_role AA4828-1 increased HOXA9 meth-ctDNA level Homeobox protein Hox-A9 gene NCBI: 3205 gene ovarian cancer DOID:2394 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31865042 Detection of HOXA9 meth-ctDNA during treatment with a PARP inhibitor was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Longitudinal monitoring of HOXA9 meth-ctDNA is clinically feasible and is strongly correlated to clinical outcomes (PFS, OS), suggesting that it may serve as a valuable predictive biomarker to inform clinical decision-making in the setting of platinum-resistant BRCA-mutated OC treated with a PARP inhibitor. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4829-1 presence of promoter methylation HOXA9 Homeobox HoxA9 gene NCBI: 3205 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4830-1 presence of promoter methylationKIF1A Kinesin-like protein KIF1A gene NCBI: 547 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4831-1 increased NID2 level Nidogen-2 UPKB:Q14112 protein esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29278876 The serum NID2 levels in ESCC patients (median 24.4 ug/L) are significantly higher (p= 4.3e-09) than that of the healthy controls (median 15.85 ug/L). In conclusion, we show that detecting the elevation of serum NID2 levels has potential diagnostic and prognostic value for ESCC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4832-1 presence of promoter methylation NID2 Nidogen-2 gene NCBI: 22795 gene head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic oral cavity UBERON:0000167 Pubmed:21558411 EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4833-1 decreased MIR-498-5P level miRNA-498-5p MRB:MI0003142 RNA liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic liver UBERON:0002107 Pubmed:30592286 The miR-498 expression level was significantly lower in liver cancer patient tissues than that in healthy control tissues. Furthermore, ZEB2 knockdown recapitulated the inhibitory effects of miR-498 overexpression in liver cancer cells. Thus, we demonstrated that miR-498 suppresses the growth and metastasis of liver cancer cells, partly at least, by directly targeting ZEB2, suggesting that miR-498 may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy of liver cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4834-1 decreased OGDHL level Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like NCBI: 4967 gene liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic liver UBERON:0002107 Pubmed:31781311 OGDHL had lower expression in cancerous liver tissues than noncancerous adjacent tissues, and low expression correlated with more advanced patient age, histologic grade, stage, T classification, and poor survival. Survival analysis showed that patients with lower OGDHL levels had shorter overall survival (OS), and subgroup analysis indicated this relationship also held for patients with grade G1/G2, stage I/II, T3, N0, and M0 cancers. In addition, patients with lower OGDHL levels had shorter relapse-free survival, and subgroup analysis indicated this relationship also held for patients with grade G1/G2, stage III/IV, T1, T3, N0, and M1 cancers. Patients with lower OGDHL expression had shorter OS and relapse-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that low OGDHL expression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4835-1 increased HSP90AA1 level Heat shock protein 90 alpha UPKB:P07900 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:28939487 Diagnostic performance of plasma Hsp90a was evaluated by the calculated sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). ROC curve showed plasma Hsp90a can discriminating liver cancer with a sensitivity of 92.7% and specificity of 91.3% from non-liver cancer control. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4836-1 decreased SLC25A11 level Mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein NCBI: 8402 gene liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic liver UBERON:0002107 Pubmed:32555317 Liver cancer patients with low SLC25A11 expression had shorter OS and RFS than patients with high SLC25A11 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of SLC25A11 was an independent predictor of RFS and OS. In conclusion, this study identified that SLC25A11 serves as a new prognostic marker for liver cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4837-1 increased DCK level Deoxycytidine kinase NCBI: 1633 gene liver cancer DOID:3571 prognostic liver UBERON:0002107 Pubmed:32588770 The deoxycytidine kinase messenger RNA level significantly upregulated in patients with liver cancer compared to normal liver samples. All the above findings suggested that increased expression of deoxycytidine kinase was significantly related to unfavorable prognosis in patients with liver cancer. Deoxycytidine kinase is correlated with immune infiltrating levels, including those of B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in patients with liver cancer. The survival curves revealed that in patients with liver cancer, the high expression level of DCK (RNA-SeqID:1633) indicated worse prognosis. high expression of DCK resulted in shorter OS (HR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.32-2.72, P value = .00043) and RFS (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.10-2.13, P value = .011). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4838-1 increased H2AX level Histone H2AX UPKB:P16104 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic breast UBERON:0000310 Pubmed:31552812 Greater tumor size, higher grade, and the number of affected lymph nodes are significantly associated with greater values of gamma-H2AX. Higher values of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor are significantly associated with lower gamma-H2AX values. In conclusion, a positive association between gamma-H2AX expression and infaust histopathological parameters was observed. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4839-1 increased CTDNA level Circulating tumor-derived DNA NCIt:C113243 DNA colorectal cancer DOID:9256 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31070691 During surveillance after definitive therapy, ctDNA-positive patients were more than 40 times more likely to experience disease recurrence than ctDNA negative patients (HR, 43.5; 95% CI, 9.8-193.5 P < .001). In all multivariate analyses, ctDNA status was independently associated with relapse after adjusting for known clinicopathologic risk factors. Circulating tumor DNA analysis can potentially change the postoperative management of CRC by enabling risk stratification, ACT monitoring, and early relapse detection. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4840-1 increased of TRAF2 level Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 UPKB:Q12933 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:28855498 We found that TRAF2 was significantly upregulated in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate samples (P<0.001). TRAF2 high expression was associated with poorer recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients (P=0.013). TRAF2 was found to be a valuable independent prognostic factor for predicting recurrence-free survival (P=0.026). TRAF2 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting recurrence-free survival in patients with prostate cancer, which might be associated with the effects of TRAF2 in regulating TRAIL-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via c-Flip/Caspase-8 signaling. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4841-1 decreased MIR-214 level miRNA-214 MRB:MI0000290 RNA urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:25975233 Underexpressed extracellular miR-214 in urine was significantly associated with higher tumor stage, higher lymph node status, higher grade, age and history of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Urinary cell-free miR-214 is a hopeful biomarker for tumor stratification, early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of bladder cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4842-1 decreased NDRG2 level N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 UPKB:Q9UN36 protein urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:28953854 The relative NDRG2 expression were significantly downregulated both at mRNA and protein levels in urine of patients with bladder cancer and in cell lines, and its low expression was distinctively correlated with tumor grade and stage. NDRG2 was decreased in patients with bladder cancer and might be involved in the progression of this malignancy. Moreover, NDRG2 could be a potential independent diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4843-1 increased FCN3 level Ficolin-3 UPKB:O75636 protein esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31373851 The serum ficolin-3 level in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) group was significantly higher than in the esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) group (19.59 ± 4.35 ng/mL vs. 18.39 ± 5.42 ng/mL, p < 0.01). Serum ficolin-3 levels were identified as an independent prognostic biomarker for DSS and OS in Chinese patients with EC, especially EAC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4844-1 increased CHI3L1 level Chitinase-3-like protein 1 UPKB:P36222 protein esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32162865 Plasma YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than those that were non-metastatic (p = 0.005). This study indicated that YKL-40 may be a biomarker for esophageal cancer and potential biomarker for identification of invasive esophageal cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4844-2 increased CHI3L1 level Chitinase-3-like protein 1 UPKB:P36222 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:32613636 Here, we investigated the prognostic significance of CHI3L1 expression in thyroid neoplasms and examined the potential oncogenic roles. Compared with normal thyroid tissue and benign thyroid lesions that had low or no detectable CHI3L1 expression, CHI3L1 was overexpressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4845-1 decreased P4HA1 level Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 NCBI: 5033 gene skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Pubmed:32053263 We studied further the significance of one of the genes, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1), in melanoma progression. P4HA1 depletion in melanoma cells reduced cell adhesion, invasion, and viability in vitro. Taken together, P4HA1 is an interesting potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in primary melanomas, influencing many aspects of melanoma tumor progression. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4846-1 increased GDF15 level Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 UPKB:Q99988 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:16428484 Ninety percent of patients with pancreatic cancer had MIC-1 levels >2 SD above age-matched controls. By logistic regression analysis, MIC-1 and CA19-9 were significant independent predictors of diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that MIC-1 was significantly better than CA19-9 in differentiating patients with pancreatic cancer from healthy controls (area under the curve is 0.99 and 0.78, respectively; P = 0.003), but not in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis (area under the curve of 0.81 and 0.74, respectively; P = 0.63). In the differentiation of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer from controls, serum MIC-1 outperforms other markers including CA19-9. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4847-1 increased BNIP3L level BCL2/Adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like UPKB:O60238 protein skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32620611 A specific antibody response was raised against an antigen identified as BNIP3L, which correlated with a good prognosis. Medium and high expression of BNIP3L was also linked with longer overall survival. BNIP3L is a candidate prognostic marker of clinical outcome of melanoma patients treated with AGI-101H, and may be considered as a prediction marker for patient survival. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4848-1 increased GPC6 level Glypican 6 NCBI: 10082 gene skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Pubmed:31199813 GPC6 expression was up-regulated in a melanoma cell line compared to normal melanocytes and in metastatic melanoma compared to primary melanoma. Together, our findings identified GPC6 as an early biomarker for melanoma metastatic progression, one that can be regulated by miR-509-3p. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4849-1 decreased MIR-125A-5P level miRNA-125a-5p MRB:MIMAT0000443 RNA head and neck cancer DOID:11934 prognostic skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Pubmed:31325708 miR-125a-5p downregulation was associated with recurrent disease in a panel of high-risk HNSCC and then confirmed poor survival associated with low expression in HNSCC via the Cancer Genome Atlas, suggesting that miR-125a-5p acts as a tumor suppressor miRNA. results reveal that in patients who developed a local recurrence, there was an associated decreased in miR-125a-5p expression, compared to patients who did not have evidence of disease (P = .0036), out of a total of 77 evaluable patient samples analyzed. patients with low levels of miR-125a-5p is associated with a worse overall survival than patients with high levels of miR-125a-5p (P = .006). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4850-1 increased GLT8D1 level Glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1 NCBI: 55830 gene skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Pubmed:31305325 The GEO data analysis exhibited that the GLT8D1 mRNA expression was upregulated in the melanoma samples compared with the benign nevus samples. Furthermore, the GLT8D1 protein expression in cutaneous melanoma was higher than that in mucosal melanoma (P = 0.001). The high GLT8D1 protein expression was remarkably correlated with Clark level (P = 0.027), AJCC stage (P = 0.003), ulceration status (P = 0.041) Ki-67 expression (P = 0.030) and especially with histopathological type (P = 0.001). The results of the Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses revealed that cutaneous melanoma patients with high GLT8D1 expression (P = 0.036), Clark level (P = 0.018) and advanced AJCC stage (P = 0.003) encountered poor overall survival. Overall survival (P = 0.040) and progression free survival (P = 0.019) were worse for the patients with high GLT8D1 expression than for the patients with low expression. These data implied that GLT8D1 could be an independent prognostic factor for an unfavorable prognosis in cutaneous malignant melanoma patients and that GLT8D1 overexpression might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4851-1 decreased MIR-1231 level miRNA-1231 MRB:MI0006321 RNA prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:31822000 miR-1231 expression was downregulated in both prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of miR-1231 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, higher TNM stage, higher clinical stage, and shorter overall survival. The expression of miR-1231 was predicted as a prognostic factor for prostate cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4852-1 increased YAP1 level Yes-associated protein 1 UPKB:P46937 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic pancreas UBERON:0001264 Pubmed:32054505 Mass spectrometry based proteomics showed that YAP1 is the top upregulated protein in pancreatic cancer tissue when compared to normal controls (log2 fold change 6.4; p = 5E-06). Prognostic analysis of YAP1 demonstrated a significant correlation between mRNA expression level data and reduced overall survival (p = 0.001). In addition, TMA and immunohistochemistry analysis suggested that YAP1 protein expression is an independent predictor of poor overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.870, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.224–2.855, p = 0.004], as well as reduced disease-free survival (HR 1.950, 95% CI 1.299–2.927, p = 0.001). Bioinformatic analyses coupled with in vitro assays indicated that YAP1 is involved in the transcriptional control of target genes, associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, which could be modified by selected substances disrupting the YAP1-TEAD interaction. We demonstrate that YAP1 is an independent prognostic marker associated with recurrence and unfavorable survival in pancreatic cancer. We also show that inhibition of YAP1/TEAD interaction interferes with the expression of AREG, CTGF, CYR61, and MSLN suggesting that YAP1 transcriptional activity may affect the development and persistence of a fibrotic tumor microenvironment. YAP1 is thus considered as a clinically and biologically relevant biomarker derived from pancreatic cancer tissue. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4853-1 increased ASPM level Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein NCBI: 259266 gene urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic urinary bladder UBERON:0001255 Pubmed:32274607 The upregulation of ASPM expression and the downregulation of TEF expression were observed in bladder cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and these levels were correlated with high-grade tumors, advanced stage disease and the presence of metastasis. Both genes had the ability to predict metastatic association with sensitivity (84.62%) and specificity (68.42%; *P < 0.001) for the ASPM gene and for the TEF gene with sensitivity (80.77%) and specificity (78.95%; *P < 0.001). Additionally, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that elevated ASPM expression levels and reduced TEF expression levels significantly correlated with decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. The current analysis concludes that ASPM and TEF expressions might be used as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4854-1 decreased TEF level Thyrotroph embryonic factor NCBI: 7008 gene urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic urinary bladder UBERON:0001255 Pubmed:32274607 The upregulation of ASPM expression and the downregulation of TEF expression were observed in bladder cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and these levels were correlated with high-grade tumors, advanced stage disease and the presence of metastasis. Both genes had the ability to predict metastatic association with sensitivity (84.62%) and specificity (68.42%; *P < 0.001) for the ASPM gene and for the TEF gene with sensitivity (80.77%) and specificity (78.95%; *P < 0.001). Additionally, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that elevated ASPM expression levels and reduced TEF expression levels significantly correlated with decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. The current analysis concludes that ASPM and TEF expressions might be used as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4855-1 increased A1AT level Alpha-1-antitrypsin UPKB:P01009 protein urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:21459797 Increased levels of urinary A1AT glycoprotein were indicative of the presence of bladder cancer (P < 0.0001) and augmented voided urine cytology results. Application of glycoprotein enrichment provided novel candidates for further investigation as biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4856-1 increased OPN level Osteopontin UPKB:P10451 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:15006928 Serum OPN levels, as measured by ELISA, were elevated in the sera of 50 patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared to 22 healthy control individuals (mean +/- SD for OPN was 482 +/- 170 ng/ml and 204 +/- 65 ng/ml, respectively; P < 0.001). Serum OPN may have utility as a diagnostic marker in patients with pancreatic cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4856-2 increased OPN level Osteopontin UPKB:P10451 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:11926891 Osteopontin levels in plasma were significantly higher (P<.001) in 51 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (486.5 ng/mL) compared with those of 107 healthy controls (147.1 ng/mL), 46 patients with benign ovarian disease (254.4 ng/mL), and 47 patients with other gynecologic cancers (260.9 ng/mL). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4857-1 increased TNFSF9 level Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9 NCBI: 8744 gene pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic pancreas UBERON:0001264 Pubmed:32077004 TNFSF9 mRNA expression level was remarkably increased in pancreatic cancer than that in normal tissues (both P < 0.05). In addition, high TNFSF9 expression was significantly related to poor overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in pancreatic cancer (OS HR = 2.02, P = 0.0012; RFS HR = 2.63, P = 0.022). These findings indicate that TNFSF9 can be serves as a prognostic biomarker in determining the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and is associated with different types of phenotypes of immune cell infiltration. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4858-1 increased NCEH1 level Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 NCBI: 57552 gene pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic pancreas UBERON:0001264 Pubmed:33284889 Elevated ether lipid metabolism is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. NCEH1 is involved in ether lipid metabolism and is robustly expressed in macrophages. We also found that the expression level of NCEH1 in patients with pancreatic cancer is related to the N classification (P = 0.039), indicating that patients with local lymph node involvement express higher levels of NCEH1. From the differential analysis, the expression level of NCEH1 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in healthy tissues (P = 1.732 e-50) Wilcoxon test indicated that the expression level of NCEH1 is related to the N classification in patients with pancreatic cancer (P = 0.039). Further, NCEH1 expression was higher in patients with regional lymph node involvement than in the control group. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4859-1 increased PSMD11 level 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 UPKB:O00231 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32663515 This exploratory study, using SWATH-MS analysis, identified potential prognostic biomarkers for PDAC in plasma (PTPRM and PTPRB) and plasma derived microparticles (PSMD11). Protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTPRM and PTPRB, were decreased in plasma of patients with poor PDAC prognosis, while proteasomal subunit PSMD11 was increased in microparticles of patients with poor prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4860-1 decreased PTPRM level Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu UPKB:P28827 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32663515 This exploratory study, using SWATH-MS analysis, identified potential prognostic biomarkers for PDAC in plasma (PTPRM and PTPRB) and plasma derived microparticles (PSMD11). Protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTPRM and PTPRB, were decreased in plasma of patients with poor PDAC prognosis, while proteasomal subunit PSMD11 was increased in microparticles of patients with poor prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4861-1 decreased PTPRB level Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta UPKB:P23467 protein pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32663515 This exploratory study, using SWATH-MS analysis, identified potential prognostic biomarkers for PDAC in plasma (PTPRM and PTPRB) and plasma derived microparticles (PSMD11). Protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTPRM and PTPRB, were decreased in plasma of patients with poor PDAC prognosis, while proteasomal subunit PSMD11 was increased in microparticles of patients with poor prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4862-1 increased TYMS level Thymidylate synthase NCBI: 7298 gene pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 prognostic pancreas UBERON:0001264 Pubmed:31861032 Upregulation of TYMS was associated with poor RFS in patients with pancreatic cancer (P = .021). Subgroup analysis revealed that TYMS upregulation was associated with poor RFS in clinical stage I/II (P = .0038). Higher TYMS expression was associated with worse OS (P = .014) (Fig. 3). Subgroup analysis further indicated that high TYMS expression significantly affected the OS of patients in histologic grades G1/G2 (P = .025) and clinical stages I/II (P = .023). patients with pancreatic cancer, higher TYMS expression is associated with advanced clinical stages and undesirable prognosis, and that TYMS could be used as a biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in patients with pancreatic cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4863-1 increased ST6GALNAC6 level Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6 NCBI: 30815 gene pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30131287 In patients with pancreatic cancer, 8.4% of subjects were Lewis (-), but only 41.9% of Lewis (-) subjects had CA19-9 values 37 U/mL) in 27.4% of Lewis (-) patients. CA19-9 can retain its utility as a biomarker in these patients in spite of Lewis (-) genotype. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for CA19-9 as a diagnostic biomarker was 0.842 in Lewis (-) patients with pancreatic cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4864-1 increased ARHGDIB level Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor protein UPKB:P52566 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic breast UBERON:0000310 Pubmed:32176626 We observed the expression of ARHGDIB is significantly higher in human breast cancer tissues compared with the benign tissues. ARHGDIB expression was positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in breast cancer patients. Hence, our results suggested the significance and predictive role of ARHGDIB in breast cancer. High expression of ARHGDIB indicated the poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4865-1 decreased SMPD1 level Acid sphingomyelinase UPKB:P17405 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 diagnostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:26125272 The levels of ASM were reducing with the development of ovarian cancer. ASM is higher expressed in normal cell than that in ovarian cancer, and can be a negative biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. ASM can be developed a new drug for the ovarian cancer therapy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4866-1 increased NFE2L2 level Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 NCBI: 4780 gene colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic colon UBERON:0001155 Pubmed:32871287 High NRF2 was associated with worse disease free survival (DFS) and/or overall survival (OS) in all datasets. NRF2 is shown to be a consistent, robust prognostic biomarker across all stages of colorectal cancer with additional clinical value to current known prognostic biomarkers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4867-1 increased KRT15 level Keratin-15 NCBI: 3866 gene colorectal cancer DOID:9256 prognostic colon UBERON:0001155 Pubmed:31884802 QRT-PCR results revealed that the mRNA levels of KRT15 in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher compared with those in normal tissues (p<0.0001). The rates of KRT15 high-expression in colorectal cancer and normal tissues were 57.1% and 8.9%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). KRT15 high-expression correlated with differentiation, T stage, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in colorectal cancer (p<0.05). KRT15 overexpression predicted poor prognosis and could be used as an independent prognostic factor. These data indicate KRT15 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and may serve as a prognostic biomarker. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4868-1 increased MIR-135A-5P level miRNA-135a-5p MRB:MIMAT0000428 RNA colorectal cancer DOID:9256 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:27126269 Serum miR-135a-5p expression in colorectal cancer patients was higher than that in patients with colorectal polyps and healthy controls, suggesting that serum miR-135a-5p may prove to be an important biomarker for auxiliary diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The relative expression level of serum miR-135a-5p in colorectal cancer patients, colorectal polyps patients and healthy controls was 2.451 (1.107, 4.413), 0.946 (0.401, 1.942) and 0.949 (0.194, 1.415), respectively, indicating that it was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than that in the other two groups (U = 351.0, 313.0, both P < 0.001). Additionally, it was significantly correlated with different degrees of tumour differentiation (U = 215.0, P = 0.029) and different tumour stages (U = 202.0, P = 0.013). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4869-1 decreased B3GALT5-AS1 level Putative uncharacterized protein B3GALT5-AS1 UPKB:P59052 protein colorectal cancer DOID:9256 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32207329 The level of B3GALT5-AS1 in CRC patients was significantly lower than that of healthy patients (p < 0.0001). B3GALT5-AS1 may be served as a diagnostic marker for distinguishing CRC patients from healthy people. Further exploration validated that high serum B3GALT5-AS1 level was related to tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.008) and histological differentiation (p = 0.027). Compared with the healthy control group, AUCROC of serum B3GALT5-AS1 in the CRC group was 0.762 with 95% CI: 0.698–0.826 (p < 0.0001). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4870-1 increased MIR-10B level miRNA-10b MRB:MI0000267 RNA esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic saliva UBERON:0001836 Pubmed:23560033 miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4871-1 increased MIR-144 level miRNA-144 MRB:MI0000460 RNA esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic saliva UBERON:0001836 Pubmed:23560033 miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4872-1 increased MIR-451 level miRNA-451 MRB:MI0001729 RNA esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic saliva UBERON:0001836 Pubmed:23560033 miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4873-1 increased MIR-21 level miRNA-21 MRB:MI0000077 RNA esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic saliva UBERON:0001836 Pubmed:23560033 miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4873-2 increased MIR-21 level miRNA-21 MRB:MI0000077 RNA breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31030498 Expression of circulating miR-21 was significantly elevated in breast cancer patients compared to healthy women (median miR-21 expression levels were 7.67±2.2 and 1.28±0.16, respectively; p<0.0001) Patients with upregulation of circulating miR-21 were associated with poor progression-free survival (median survival 72 vs 86 weeks, respectively; log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, p=0.049). MiR-21 expression was upregulated in breast cancer patients and might serve as a therapeutic monitoring marker. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4873-3 increased MIR-21 level miRNA-21 MRB:MI0000077 RNA thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:25316501 At enrollment, high miR-21 levels were associated with high calcitonin levels (P = .0003), lymph node metastases (P = .001), and advanced stages (P = .0003). At the end of follow-up, high miR-21 levels were associated with biochemically persistent disease (P = .0076). This study showed, in MTCs, that miR-21 regulates PDCD4 expression and also that the miR-21/PDCD4 pathway correlates with clinicopathological variables and prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4874-1 increased NAS level N1-acetylspermidine CHEBI:17927 metabolite breast cancer DOID:1612 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:17668437 Serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy female controls were tested using the procedure described in the notes section. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of N-acetylspermidine in their blood. The serum polyamines can be a helpful method in assessing the polyamine status of breast cancer patients, as well as a strong index for studying both polyamine synthesis and metabolism. The method was used for monitoring the polyamine concentration range in urine and serum samples obtained in 30 breast cancer patients and 30 age- and gender-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference between the urine of breast cancer patients and the controls in urinary polyamine levels. In contrast, the concentrations of 1,3-Dap, Put, Sp, and N-actSpd levels in serum were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4875-1 increased DAP level 1,3-Diaminopropane CHEBI:15725 metabolite breast cancer DOID:1612 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:17668437 Serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy female controls were tested using the procedure described in the notes section. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of N-acetylspermidine in their blood. The serum polyamines can be a helpful method in assessing the polyamine status of breast cancer patients, as well as a strong index for studying both polyamine synthesis and metabolism. The method was used for monitoring the polyamine concentration range in urine and serum samples obtained in 30 breast cancer patients and 30 age- and gender-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference between the urine of breast cancer patients and the controls in urinary polyamine levels. In contrast, the concentrations of 1,3-Dap, Put, Sp, and N-actSpd levels in serum were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4876-1 increased PUT level Putrescine CHEBI:17148 metabolite breast cancer DOID:1612 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:17668437 Serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy female controls were tested using the procedure described in the notes section. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of N-acetylspermidine in their blood. The serum polyamines can be a helpful method in assessing the polyamine status of breast cancer patients, as well as a strong index for studying both polyamine synthesis and metabolism. The method was used for monitoring the polyamine concentration range in urine and serum samples obtained in 30 breast cancer patients and 30 age- and gender-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference between the urine of breast cancer patients and the controls in urinary polyamine levels. In contrast, the concentrations of 1,3-Dap, Put, Sp, and N-actSpd levels in serum were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4877-1 increased SPE level Spermine CHEBI:15746 metabolite breast cancer DOID:1612 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:17668437 Serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy female controls were tested using the procedure described in the notes section. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of N-acetylspermidine in their blood. The serum polyamines can be a helpful method in assessing the polyamine status of breast cancer patients, as well as a strong index for studying both polyamine synthesis and metabolism. The method was used for monitoring the polyamine concentration range in urine and serum samples obtained in 30 breast cancer patients and 30 age- and gender-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference between the urine of breast cancer patients and the controls in urinary polyamine levels. In contrast, the concentrations of 1,3-Dap, Put, Sp, and N-actSpd levels in serum were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4878-1 increased GOLM1 level Golgi membrane protein 1 UPKB:Q8NBJ4 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 predictive urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:18953438 Our data indicating the up-regulation of GOLM1 expression and its appearance in patients' urine suggest GOLM1 as a potential novel biomarker for clinically localized prostate cancer. our group has shown that increased GOLM1 transcript in urine, along with SPINK1 and PCA3 transcript expression, and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status were able to predict prostate cancer outcome. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4879-1 increased AFP level Alpha-fetoprotein UPKB:P02771 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18422961 Levels of DCP, AFP and AFP L-3 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC. High levels of AFP correlated with diffuse type of HCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4879-1 increased AFP level Alpha-fetoprotein UPKB:P02771 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:17522429 DCP was significantly better than total AFP and AFP-L3 in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. All 3 markers had a lower area under the ROC curve and lower sensitivity in the group with high versus that with low risk for HCC. DCP has the best performance characteristics of all 3 serum markers for the diagnosis of HCC. Performance of all 3 biomarkers is lower in patients with high risk for HCC. each marker had higher levels in patients with HCC compared to cirrhotic controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4879-1 increased AFP level Alpha-fetoprotein UPKB:P02771 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19362088 AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4879-1 increased AFP level Alpha-fetoprotein UPKB:P02771 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:12717392 DCP was more sensitive and specific than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. Four groups were studied: G1, normal healthy subjects; G2, patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis; G3, patients with compensated cirrhosis; and G4, patients with histologically proven HCC. AFP levels increased progressively from G1 to G4. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4879-1 increased AFP level Alpha-fetoprotein UPKB:P02771 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:25382443 This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Subjects were 1,153 individuals had serum levels of AFP that were measured and clinicopathological features were determined for all subjects. Results showed that the levels of AFP were significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma group (550 patients, 74.18% with HBV infection) than that in other four groups (P < 0.001). Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicated the optimal cut-off value was 21 ng/mL for AFP with a sensitivity of 68.00% and specificity of 93.20%. The area under ROC curve was 0.832 for AFP. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4880-1 increased C1GALT1 level Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 UPKB:Q9NS00 protein head and neck cancer DOID:11934 prognostic squamous epithelium UBERON:0006914 Pubmed:29930379 C1GALT1 expression is upregulated in HNSCC tumors and is associated with adverse clinicopathologic features. Moreover, high C1GALT1 expression predicts poor disease-free and overall survivals. For Kaplan–Meier analysis, we further classified C1GALT1 scores 0–1 and scores 2–3 as low and high expression, respectively. Results showed that high C1GALT1 expression was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4881-1 increased LRAG1 level Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 UPKB:P02750 protein esophageal cancer DOID:5041 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:31582665 Among them, the serum levels of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) were significantly different (p < 0.01) and well discriminated (area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve >0.8) between responder and non-responder groups. The present results suggest that LRG1 and its combination with CRP and sIL-6R are promising biomarker candidates to predict response to PCRT in esophageal cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4882-1 increased KIF20A level Kinesin family member 20A UPKB:O95235 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic breast UBERON:0000310 Pubmed:32467984 Moreover, KIF20A expression was significantly associated with the poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. A multivariate analysis indicated that KIF20A expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4883-1 increased KLK4 level Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 UPKB:Q9Y5K2 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:20180634 Distinct KLK4 immunostaining was observed with both antibodies in cancerous glandular epithelial cells, but not in surrounding stromal cells. KLK4 expression was lower in stage pT3q4 than in pT1q2 tumors, which was highly significant when employing pAb 617A. Thus, the results indicate that KLK4, which is expressed in the healthy prostate, is upregulated in early-stage but not late-stage prostate cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4884-1 increased CDH1 level E-cadherin UPKB:P12830 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 29540-2 Pubmed:15870707 There is a significant difference in the expression level of the 80 kDa fragment in the serum of healthy individuals vs patients with BPH and between BPH vs Loc PCA and Met PCA (P<0.001). Highest expression levels are observed in advanced metastatic disease. High expression at the time of diagnosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of biochemical failure. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4885-1 increased CDH1 level E-cadherin NCBI: 999 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 21652-3 Pubmed:23341533 CDH1 somatic alterations were found in approximately 30% of all patients with GC. CDH1 somatic alterations exist in all clinical settings and histotypes of GC and associate with different survival rates. Their screening at GC diagnosis may predict patient prognosis and is likely to improve management of patients with this disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4886-1 decreased 5HMC level 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine CHEBI:76792 metabolite prostate cancer DOID:10283 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:29156615 When the measured levels of 5hmC2 in white blood cells were lower the patients showed significantly different distributions of prostate cancer conditions. Patients with low and elevated 5hmC content showed significantly different distributions across different prostate conditions. The distribution of these patients in prostate cancer was similar to that observed in healthy subjects, while for atypical small acinar proliferation, most patients had increased 5hmC levels. This 5hmC-based biomarker had a lower performance in the detection of prostate cancer in comparison with blood levels of prostate-specific antigen when using a cut-off point of 2.5 nanograms per milliliter. Above this threshold value, however, this biomarker allowed us to distinguish almost three-quarters of patients with prostate cancer from controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4887-1 increased ATOX1 level Copper chaperone ATOX1 NCBI: 475 gene breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic breast UBERON:0000310 Pubmed:31898157 Since most cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, we hypothesized that ATOX1 mRNA expression may be associated with breast cancer disease progression and thus, a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Our results indicate ATOX1 expression levels as a potential prognostic biomarker for ER-positive subtypes and early stages of breast cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4888-1 decreased MIR-193B level miRNA-193b MRB:MI0003137 RNA ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:26675282 Reduction of miR-193b was found in ovarian cancer and its lower expression was associated with poorer prognosis. Tissue miR-193b showed potential as novel biomarker for ovarian cancer. The results showed that the miR-193b expression was significantly down-regulated in ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor tissues compared with normal controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4889-1 increased AFP-L3 level Lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein NCIt:C96564 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:17522429 DCP was significantly better than total AFP and AFP-L3 in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. All 3 markers had a lower area under the ROC curve and lower sensitivity in the group with high versus that with low risk for HCC. DCP has the best performance characteristics of all 3 serum markers for the diagnosis of HCC. Performance of all 3 biomarkers is lower in patients with high risk for HCC. Each marker had higher levels in patients with HCC compared to cirrhotic controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4889-1 increased AFP-L3 level Lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein NCIt:C96564 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19362088 AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4889-1 increased AFP-L3 level Lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein NCIt:C96564 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:16534867 AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4889-1 increased AFP-L3 level Lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein NCIt:C96564 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18422961 Levels of DCP, AFP and AFP L-3 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4889-1 increased AFP-L3 level Lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein NCIt:C96564 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:12717392 DCP was more sensitive and specific than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4890-1 increased DCP1A level Des-gamma carboxy-prothrombin UPKB:Q9NPI6 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:17522429 DCP was significantly better than total AFP and AFP-L3 in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. All 3 markers had a lower area under the ROC curve and lower sensitivity in the group with high versus that with low risk for HCC. DCP has the best performance characteristics of all 3 serum markers for the diagnosis of HCC. Performance of all 3 biomarkers is lower in patients with high risk for HCC. Each marker had higher levels in patients with HCC compared to cirrhotic controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4890-1 increased DCP1A level Des-gamma carboxy-prothrombin UPKB:Q9NPI6 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19362088 AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4890-1 increased DCP1A level Des-gamma carboxy-prothrombin UPKB:Q9NPI6 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:16534867 AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4890-1 increased DCP1A level Des-gamma carboxy-prothrombin UPKB:Q9NPI6 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18422961 Levels of DCP, AFP and AFP L-3 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4890-1 increased DCP1A level Des-gamma carboxy-prothrombin UPKB:Q9NPI6 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:12717392 DCP was more sensitive and specific than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4890-1 increased DCP1A level Des-gamma carboxy-prothrombin UPKB:Q9NPI6 protein liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:25382443 This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Subjects were 1,153 individuals had serum levels of DCP that were measured and clinicopathological features were determined for all subjects. Results showed that the levels of DCP and AFP were significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma group (550 patients, 74.18% with HBV infection) than that in other four groups (P < 0.001). Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicated the optimal cut-off value was 86 mAU/mL for DCP with a sensitivity of 71.50% and specificity of 86.30%. The area under ROC curve was 0.846 for AFP. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4891-1 increased mutation TP53 Tumor protein gene mutation NCBI: 7157 gene ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:21720365 Here we report that high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumours (96%). Mutations in TP53 predominated, occurring in at least 96% of HGS-OvCa samples. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4892-1 increased VEGF level Vascular endothelial growth factor NCIt:C92514 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19623180 The most potent stimulator of angiogenesis, an important mechanism in tumor development, proliferation, and metastasis, is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4892-1 increased VEGF level Vascular endothelial growth factor NCIt:C92514 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:23688065 The plasma levels of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast cancer patients were investigated and compared with control groups. The medians of VEGF, which was 134.96 pg/ml, levels similarly to the level of the commonly accepted tumor marker (CA 15-3 – 25.00 U/ml) in the total group of breast cancer patients were significantly higher when compared to the healthy subjects, which is 43.40 pg/ml (p < 0.001). In other words, the median levels of VEGF in breast cancer total group were statistically higher than in benign breast tumor patients group (p = 0.054). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4893-1 increased VSIG4 level Protein V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 UPKB:Q9Y279 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:28498255 VSIG4 messenger RNA and protein expression levels in ovarian cancer tissues were higher than those in benign ovarian tumors (P = 0.0013 and 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, soluble VSIG4 levels are associated with the progression and recurrence of ovarian cancer, indicating that soluble VSIG4 may be used as a potential biomarker for predicting tumor prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4894-1 decreased MIR-613 level miRNA-613 MRB:MI0003626 RNA ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:27010138 miR-613 expression in ovarian cancer tissue specimens was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that in matched normal adjacent tissue specimens. miR-613 expression levels are low in ovarian cancer tissue and correlate with progression-free and overall survival. Thus, miR-613 may be useful as a prognostic marker in ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4895-1 increased MIR-375-3P level miRNA-375-3p MRB:MI0000783 RNA esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic esophagus UBERON:0001043 Pubmed:30638952 We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify the top three gene sets that significantly altered between the patients with miR-375 low expression and high expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-375 serves as a promising independent prognostic factor for ESCC and function as a tumor suppressor. patients with high miR-375 expression in ESCC had a well prognosis due to down-regulated activity of RNA polymerase I and III. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4896-1 increased AZGP1 level Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein UPKB:P25311 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 predictive urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:23020913 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a significant predictive ability of ZAG for prostate cancer. The area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of prostate cancer was 0.68 (95% CI 0.59-0.78) ... The optimal cut-off was 1.13 for ZAG, which corresponded to 6.88 times greater odds for prostate cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4897-1 decreased AZGP1 level Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein UPKB:P25311 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:28486686 In the phase II cohort, with a median follow-up of 15.8 years, low/absent AZGP1 expression was an independent predictor of poor BRFS (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9; P = 0.03), MFS (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.6; P = 0.02) and PCSS (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.5-9.5; P = 0.005). These results were validated in our prospective phase III cohort. Low/absent AZGP1 expression independently predicted for BRFS (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3; P = 0.02), with shorter MFS (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4; P = 0.02). AZGP1 improved the discriminatory value when incorporated into existing prognostic risk models. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4896-2 increased Th17 level T Helper cytokine 17 UPKB:P25311 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic breast UBERON:0000310 Pubmed:31428522 Greater varieties of helper t cell can infiltrate a breast cancer microenvironment. We found that Th17, was the most favorable prognostic signature in a subset of TN breast cancer with low T cell infiltrate. We provide evidence that a Th17 signature is associated with good prognosis in TN breast cancer specifically in T-low tumors. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4898-1 increased LMNB1 level Lamin B1 NCBI: 4001 gene liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19522540 Lamin B1 (LMNB1) mRNA was detected in 16 of 21 (76%) plasma from patients with early stage HCC and 12 of 14 (86%) from patients with late stage HCC, whereas only 19% and 17% in cirrhosis and normal subjects demonstrated LMNB1, respectively. The positivity rate of circulating LMNB1 mRNA gradually increased with tumor stages progression and it was significantly higher in HCC than in cirrhosis and normal individuals (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The overall detection sensitivity of LMNB1 mRNA for Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC was 80 and the specificity was 82%, where in particular for the detection of early stage and late stage HCCs the sensitivity is 76% and 86%, respectively. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4899-1 increased MKI67 level KI67 antigen UPKB:P46013 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 predictive breast UBERON:0000310 Pubmed:23645542 The data indicated that patients whose tumors contained high levels of Ki67 effectively responded to anthracycline and taxane-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ki67 LI was a predictive marker for pCR, and all patients whose tumors achieved pathologic Complete Response (pCR) are currently disease-free. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4900-1 increased AQP1 level Aquaporin-1 UPKB:P29972 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:20375178 The AQP1 concentrations in patients with either clear cell or papillary carcinoma were significantly greater and clearly separated from those in the nonnephrectomy surgical control patients and the healthy individuals. High concentration of AQP1 in urine demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in detecting renal cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4901-1 increased ADFP level Adipophilin UPKB:Q99541 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:20375178 The ADFP concentrations in patients with either clear cell or papillary carcinoma were significantly greater and clearly separated from those in the nonnephrectomy surgical control patients and the healthy individuals. High ADFP concentration in the urine demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in detecting renal cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4902-1 increased LACCER level Lactosylceramide CHEBI:89446 metabolite prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:27914242 In terms of lipid classes, it was noted that HexCer species were in general more abundant in urinary exosomes from prostate cancer patients than from healthy controls, and that LacCer species were increased or unchanged. This is an interesting result since antibodies against LacCer and GlcCer are available, opening the alternative of analyzing these lipids by antibody-based methods, which are widely used in clinical laboratories. LacCer also showed the highest patient-to-control ratio. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4903-1 increased HEXCER level Hexosylceramide CHEBI:77462 metabolite prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:27914242 It was noted that HexCer species were in general more abundant in urinary exosomes from prostate cancer patients than from healthy controls, and that LacCer species were increased or unchanged. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4904-1 decreased PS level Phosphatidylserine CHEBI:90437 metabolite prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:27914242 PS 18:1/18:1 alone demonstrated lower expression in urine in patients as compared to the controls. Also, the author calculated that in urinary exosomes, PS 18:0e18:1 in the inner leaflet could occupy 72 18% (mean SD; n Z 13) and 66 22% (mean SD; n Z 15) of the area occupied by long-chain sphingolipids (N amidated C22 and C24) in urinary exosomes from controls and prostate cancer patients, respectively. The highest significance was shown for phosphatidylserine (PS) 18:1/18:1 and lactosylceramide (d18:1/16:0), the latter also showed the highest patient-to-control ratio. Furthermore, combinations of these lipid species and PS 18:0-18:2 distinguished the two groups with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4905-1 increased TM256 level Transmembrane protein 256 UPKB:Q8N2U0 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:26196085 The most interesting potential prostate cancer biomarker identified in our study (both at 100% specificity and combined specificity and sensitivity) is TM256/C17orf61, a protein that has been predicted to be located at the plasma membrane and in exosomes. TM256 showed the highest sensitivity (94%) and level of enrichment (140-fold) of all the detected proteins. The fact that TM256 is also relatively abundant in patient exosomes further increases the interest for this protein as a promising biomarker. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4906-1 increased FKBP4 level Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase UPKB:Q02790 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:17722004 FKBP4 was increased in PCa specimen. It was also interesting that FKBP4 (also known as FKBP52) was up-regulated in Pca. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4907-1 decreased FLNA level Filamin-A UPKB:P21333 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:17722004 2-DE protein profile of FLNA(7–15) clearly reveals a decrease in this protein in PNBX specimens from PCa patients. FLNA(7–15) levels were notably reduced in AMACR-positive PCa specimens as measured by immunoblot analysis (Fig. 3e). These results, taken with proteomics observations, suggest that FLNA(7–15) is down-regulated in prostate cancer. Among the proteins identified, the most notable was the endogenous 100-kDa fragment of FLNA and FKBP4, FLNA(7–15), which was found to be markedly down-regulated in PCa specimens. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4908-1 increased MYO5A level Unconventional myosin-Va UPKB:Q9Y4I1 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30532555 On the bottom left is the WASF1 module which included MYO5A and WASF1. These two genes both interacted with NCKAP1, CYFIP2, and CYFIP1. In this WASF1 module, four genes (CYFIP1, CYFIP2, NCKAP1, and WASF1) were involved in hsa04810: regulation of actin cytoskeleton. It has been reported that actin cytoskeleton was associated with lung cancer migration and invasion biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4909-1 increased WASF1 level Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 1 UPKB:Q92558 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30532555 On the bottom left is the WASF1 module which included MYO5A and WASF1. These two genes both interacted with NCKAP1, CYFIP2, and CYFIP1. In this WASF1 module, four genes (CYFIP1, CYFIP2, NCKAP1, and WASF1) were involved in hsa04810: regulation of actin cytoskeleton. It has been reported that actin cytoskeleton was associated with lung cancer migration and invasion biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4910-1 increased PDHB level Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial UPKB:P11177 protein lung cancer DOID:1324 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30532555 The PDHB module, which was involved in carbohydrate metabolism. The PDHB module interacted with the RSRC1 module, which was associated with protein biosynthesis, growth, and migration. These biomarkers can accurately predict NSCLC. In-depth biological network analysis suggested that there were four modules and three intermodule hubs that may trigger NSCLC biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4911-1 increased RSRC1 level Serine/arginine-related protein 53 NCBI: 51319 gene lung cancer DOID:1324 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30532555 At the top middle was the RSRC1 module, which included RSRC1 and FLOT1. Within this module, eight genes (RPS11, RPS14, RPS15, RPS26, RPS28, RPS3, RPS3A, and RPS9) that RSRC1 interacted with were ribosomal protein genes. Ribosome is important for protein biosynthesis, and there have been several reports that downregulation of ribosomal protein can inhibit or attenuate NSCLC growth and migration. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4912-1 increased methylation IN PITX2 Pituitary homeobox 2 gene methylation NCBI: 5308 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 predictive prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:25402584 However, after FDR adjustment at 5% was applied, only methylation of PITX2 remained significant (p = 0.005) for predicting PCa related death and is interpreted as the following: for each 10% increase in methylation of PITX2, the risk of PCa-related death increased by a factor of 1.56. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4913-1 increased CXCR4 level C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 UPKB:P61073 protein skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Pubmed:15756007 The CXCR4 expression on tumor cells was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis with a median disease-free and overall survival of 22 and 35 months, respectively. The hazard ratios of relapse and death, compared with patients with CXCR4-negative tumors, were 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.1) and 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.2), respectively. This article provides the first evidence that CXCR4 expression could be an independent and powerful prognostic marker in primary cutaneous malignant melanomas. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4914-1 increased CTSB level Cathepsin B UPKB:P07858 protein skin cancer DOID:4159 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:21673904 Indeed, significantly elevated levels of Cathepsin B (as determined by unpaired t test) were observed in melanoma patients. However, Cathepsin B levels were also elevated in breast cancer patients, indicating that cathepsin B is not unique to melanoma but may be associated with general tumor progression. Cathepsin B levels were also independent of age and stages of melanoma. In our study, serum cathepsin B levels were elevated in both melanoma and breast cancer patients. Based on these data, it is suggested that cathepsin B might be relevant to the development of a broad range of tumor, possibly contributing to the tumor cell migration and metastasis due to its protease function. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4915-1 increased C1QTNF3 level Complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 NCBI: 114899 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:29861410 We were able to draw the conclusion that C1QTNF3 was significantly overexpressed in prostate tumor tissues. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4916-1 decreased EIF2B5 level Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit epsilon NCBI: 8893 gene ovarian cancer DOID:2394 predictive ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:32000373 Low EIF2B5 expression was found in ovarian cancer tissues and correlated with survival status. Survival analysis showed that ovarian cancer patients with low EIF2B5 expression had a short OS. Low EIF2B5 expression predicts poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4917-1 decreased MLH1 level DNA mismatch repair protein Mlh1 UPKB:P40692 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 81691-8 Pubmed:31570444 Low MLH1 expression was associated with improved prognosis and is a possible predictor of the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4918-1 decreased ZNF660 level Zinc finger protein 660 NCBI: 285349 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:29465788 We furthermore identify ZNF660 hypermethylation as associated with increased risk of BCR, as well as with reduced OS and reduced CSS, thus showing promising prognostic potential. ZNF660 hypermethylation was also significantly associated with poor overall and PC-specific survival in the RP. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4919-1 decreased ST6GALNAC3 level Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3 NCBI: 30815 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:29465788 ST6GALNAC3 and ZNF660 mRNA levels were significantly downregulated in PC compared to AN tissue samples (P < 0.0001; Fig. 1K,L). Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of each gene was moderately, but significantly, inversely correlated with the promoter methylation level (P < 0.001; Fig. 1M,N), collectively suggesting that aberrant promoter hypermethylation may contribute to downregulation of ST6GALNAC3 and ZNF660 in PC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4920-1 increased XPO6 level Exportin-6 NCBI: 23214 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:26709895 XPO6 expression was significantly higher in patients with elevated PSA levels (>20 ng/ml) prior to radical prostatectomy (P=0.02). Elevated XPO6 expression was also found in patients with higher combined Gleason score (>/=8) in both biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens (P=1.34E-3, P=3.09E-3, respectively). Furthermore, a positive association was found for the elevated expression of XPO6 and lymph node metastasis occurrence (P=0.01), biochemical recurrence (P=1.57E-3), and distant metastasis occurrence (P=3.27E-4). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4921-1 decreased ZFP36 level Tristetraprolin NCBI: 7538 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:30420441 Lower levels of tristetraprolin in human prostate cancer prostatectomy tissue are associated with more aggressive prostate cancer and may serve as an actionable prognostic and predictive biomarker. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4922-1 increased EZH2 level Zeste homolog 2 UPKB:Q15910 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 96964-2 Pubmed:12374981 EZH2 protein are increased in metastatic prostate cancer; in addition, clinically localized prostate cancers that express higher concentrations of EZH2 show a poorer prognosis. Thus, dysregulated expression of EZH2 may be involved in the progression of prostate cancer, as well as being a marker that distinguishes indolent prostate cancer from those at risk of lethal Progression. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4923-1 increased FABP4 level Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte UPKB:P15090 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30100196 Using clinical samples, we demonstrated that circulating A-FABP levels were significantly increased in obese patients with breast cancer in comparison with those without breast cancer. Collectively, these data suggest circulating A-FABP as a new link between obesity and breast cancer risk, thereby revealing A-FABP as a potential new therapeutic target for treatment of obesity-associated cancers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4924-1 increased ENG level Endoglin UPKB:P17813 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:19004009 Elevations in post-DRE urinary endoglin suggest there may be value in further studying endoglin as a urinary biomarker of prostate cancer. Endoglin levels in both urine and serum may aid in prostate cancer detection and prognostication. In the present study, we show that endoglin is increased in urine collected after DRE from men with prostate cancer on biopsy compared to men without prostate cancer, and that post-DRE urinary endoglin levels are predictive of prostate cancer in a cohort of men at increased risk by PSA and DRE criteria. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4925-1 increased AMACR level Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase UPKB:Q9UHK6 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 risk urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:15371879 AMACR was detected in the urine in 18 of 26 patients (69%). AMACR was detected in all 12 patients with biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate (100 sensitivity, 95% CI 75 to 100), in 5 of 12 with no evidence of cancer on biopsy (58% specificity, 95% CI 29 to 78) and in 1 of 2 (50%, 95% CI 3 to 80) with atypia on biopsy. Overall AMACR detection was associated with cancer status by prostate biopsy in 21 of 26 patients (86%). A screening test based on urinary AMACR may develop into a useful adjunct to serum prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination for identifying men at increased risk for harboring prostate cancer despite negative biopsy. Such a test has potential application for stratifying patients into low and high risk groups for surveillance vs repeat biopsy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4926-1 increased IMPDH2 level Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase type II UPKB:P12268 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:32305001 IMPDH2 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and correlates with prognosis, which may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4927-1 increased MIR-106A-5P level miRNA-106a-5p MRB:MIMAT0000103 RNA breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:26276721 miR-106a-5p was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in BC tissue samples compared to paired adjacent healthy tissue samples. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4928-1 decreased MIR-495 level miRNA-495 MRB:MI0003135 RNA breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:26276721 Results showed differential pattern of expressions of these miRNAs in multiple cohorts, however in early stage breast cancer, miR-106a-5p and miR-454-3p were upregulated (p < 0.05), miR-195-5p and miR-495 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In addition, these miRNAs were also significantly associated with cancer and ErbB signaling pathways. The present study delineated the importance of miR-195-5p and miR-495 miRNAs as prospective circulating surrogate molecular signatures for early detection of breast cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4929-1 increased MIR-454-3P level miRNA-454-3p MRB:MIMAT0003885 RNA breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:26276721 Results showed differential pattern of expressions of these miRNAs in multiple cohorts, however in early stage breast cancer, miR-106a-5p and miR-454-3p were upregulated (p < 0.05), miR-195-5p and miR-495 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In addition, these miRNAs were also significantly associated with cancer and ErbB signaling pathways. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4930-1 decreased MIR-195-5P level miRNA-195-5p MRB:MIMAT0000461 RNA breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32259560 In early stage breast cancer, miR-106a-5p and miR-454-3p were upregulated (p < 0.05), miR-195-5p and miR-495 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. Results showed differential pattern of expressions of these miRNAs in multiple cohorts, however in early stage breast cancer, miR-106a-5p and miR-454-3p were upregulated (p < 0.05), miR-195-5p and miR-495 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In addition, these miRNAs were also significantly associated with cancer and ErbB signaling pathways. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4931-1 decreased PLA2R1 level Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor NCBI: 22925 gene thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:31965517 The main objective of this study was to characterize the stage-specific deregulation in genes and miRNA expression in PTC to identify potential prognostic biomarkers. LTF and PLA2R1 were identified as two promising biomarkers down-regulated in a subgroup of stage I (both in TCGA and in the validation data set) and in the majority of stage IV of PTC (in TCGA data set). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4932-1 increased KCNN4 level Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 NCBI: 3783 gene thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:32857728 We examined expression of KCNN4 in public databases and discovered that it is upregulated in PTC. These results suggest that KCNN4 promotes PTC progression by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppressing apoptosis, which suggests KCNN4 may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of PTC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4933-1 increased 8-OHDG level 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine CHEBI:40304 metabolite breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30683611 The concentrations of 8-OHdG were significantly increased in the BC group (55.2 ng/dL) compared with the benign tumor group (30.2 ng/dL) and with the healthy control group (9.08 ng/dL). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4934-1 increased TNFRSF11B level Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B UPKB:O00300 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30348163 Especially in women with ER+ disease, higher circulating OPG concentrations were associated with higher risk of breast cancer-specific. High pre-diagnosis endogenous concentrations of OPG, the decoy receptor for RANKL, were associated with increased risk of death after a breast cancer diagnosis, especially in those with ER+ disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4935-1 increased PTDNA level Plasma tumor DNA NCIT:C179394 DNA breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:24504125 This prospective study demonstrates accurate mutation detection in tumor tissues using ddPCR, and that ptDNA can be detected in blood before and after surgery in patients with early-stage breast cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4936-1 increased SPAG5 level Sperm-associated antigen 5 NCBI: 10615 gene ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:31985007 These results suggest that high SPAG5 expression was correlated with multiple clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer and can be used as an evaluation indicator for a poor ovarian cancer prognosis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4937-1 increased PRDX-1 level Peroxiredoxin-1 UPKB:Q06830 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:31559796 Multivariate analysis showed that a high expression of PRDX-1 is an independent prognostic factor of poor, overall survival (P<0.002) and a disease-free survival (P<0.01). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4938-1 increased HSPB1 level Heat shock protein beta-1 UPKB:P04792 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33130378 Taken together, our findings demonstrate that high levels of circulating HSP27 in serum are associated with improved overall survival of OC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4939-1 increased REG4 level Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 UPKB:Q9BYZ8 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:26981633 Finally, an ELISA based serum biomarker assay demonstrated increased expression only in patients with mucinous ovarian cancer. This study identifies REG4 as a potential serum biomarker for histotype-specific detection of mucinous ovarian cancer and suggests serum REG4 measurement as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for postoperative follow-up of patients with mucinous ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4939-2 increased REG4 level Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 UPKB:Q9BYZ8 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:27036049 In the present study, we show that high expression of REG4 correlates with advanced stage and poor survival prognosis for gastric cancer patients. REG4 overexpression significantly enhances peritoneal metastasis by increasing adhesion ability. Moreover, SP1 is proved to be a transcription factor of REG4 and induce REG4 expression upon TGF-alpha stimulation. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4940-1 increased HOTAIR level HOX transcript antisense RNA RNAC:URS0000759B00 RNA breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:26033707 We measured the HOTAIR and GAPDH DNA in 24 randomly selected patients and 24 age-matched healthy individuals using the direct serum qPCR assay, and found that the relative concentration of HOTAIR DNA was significantly higher in the breast cancer patients than in healthy individuals, corresponding to an average fold change of 2.01 (P = 0.0008). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4941-1 increased LNCRNA H19 level Long non-coding RNA H19 RNAC:URS00008B9C5E RNA breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:27540977 The results revealed that the expression of H19 was significantly increased in BC tissues and plasma compared with healthy controls (P< 0.05). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4942-1 increased SREBP1 level Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 UPKB:P36956 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 diagnostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:31887541 The expression of SREBP1 was significantly different among DTCs, thyroid nodules and the adjacent normal tissues. SREBP1 was upregulated follow with the malignancy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4943-1 decreased ANXA3 level Annexin A3 UPKB:P12429 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:18222597 ANXA3 represents a promising candidate tissue marker, and when combined with the standard prognostic parameters, is suggested to provide a more precise prediction of prognosis in the individual patient, therefore harboring the potential to contribute to future patient management. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4944-1 increased SAMD5 level Sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 5 NCBI: 389432 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:30739268 SAMD5 mRNA was shown to be up-regulated in multiple microarray datasets of prostate cancer with the strict statistic criteria: p<0.01 and fold change >/=2. In TCGA_PCa cohort study, high expression of SAMD5 was a risk factor for patients on post-operative BCR (HR 2.181, 95%CI 1.199–3.966, p=0.011) and this predictive ability was independent of Gleason score and pathologic T stage (HR 2.018, 95%CI 1.102–3.698, p=0.023). In another validating cohort study, the statistic trend was similar, and the pooled analysis by combining the two cohort study further confirmed its prognostic effect. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4945-1 increased HOXC6 level Homeobox C6 UPKB:P09630 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:31271305 Relative expressions of HOXC6 at mRNA and protein levels were obviously higher in both PCa tissues and cells than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues and normal human prostate epithelial cells (p < .05). Chi-square test demonstrated that high expression of HOXC6 was significantly associated with PSA concentration, Gleason score and TNM stage (p < .05). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4946-1 increased PNKD level Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 NCBI: 25953 gene ovarian cancer DOID:2394 diagnostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:21702971 MR-1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and SKOV3 cells. Knockdown of MR-1 expression inhibited cell adhesion and invasion, and treatment with anti-cancer drugs decreased its expression in cancer cells. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MR-1 might serve as a novel biological marker and potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4947-1 increased AGR2 level Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog UPKB:O95994 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 diagnostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:21200134 We noted a marked overexpression of AGR2 mRNA and protein in early stage mucinous ovarian tumors compared to normal ovarian tissues and serous type ovarian tumors by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. To further elucidate the role of AGR2 in ovarian tumorigenesis, stable 2774 human ovarian cancer cell lines overexpressing AGR2 were established. Forced expression of AGR2 in 2774 cells enhanced the growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4947-2 increased AGR2 level Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog UPKB:O95994 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:26998125 AGR2 and CTSD expression were both elevated in GC lesions compared with noncancerous tissues. In 204/436 (46.8%) GC patients, high expression of AGR2 was positively correlated with the expression of CTSD (r=0.577, P<0.01). Furthermore, several clinicopathological parameters were significantly associated with AGR2 expression level, including tumor size, depth of invasion and TNM stage (P<0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that AGR2 expression is significantly associated with location and size of GC, depth of invasion, TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, vessel invasion, distant metastasis, Lauren's classification, high CTSD expression and poor prognosis. Thus, AGR2 may be a novel GC marker and may present a potential therapeutic target for GC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4948-1 increased PLG level Plasminogen UPKB:P00747 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:27935848 PLG staining was positively associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR)=0.59, p=0.026] of the patients. In summary, these data indicate that elevated PLG expression represents a favorable prognostic biomarker in advanced (FIGO III/IV) high-grade serous ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4949-1 increased PRSS8 level Serine protease prostasin NCBI: 5652 gene ovarian cancer DOID:2394 diagnostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:27036110 Overexpression of PRSS8 mRNA and high levels of prostasin in multiple subtypes of early stage ovarian tumors may provide clinical biomarkers for early detection of OVC, which can potentially be used with CA125 and HE4. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4950-1 increased HMGA1 level High mobility group protein A1 UPKB:P17096 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:25586095 Urine HMGA1 was significantly elevated in serous epithelial ovarian cancer specimen relative to healthy control specimens with G3 specimens exhibiting higher levels than G1-G2 specimens. Furthermore, urine HMGA1 and serum CA-125 combined AUC indicated that urine HMGA1 is an excellent diagnostic biomarker for serous epithelial ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4951-1 increased IL1RN level Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist NCBI: 3557 gene thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:33238942 IL1RN showed higher expression levels and lower methylation levels in PTC tissues than in normal tissues. IL1RN is a good prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for PTC. IL1RN may promote thyroid cancer progression through immune-related pathways. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4952-1 decreased BTG1 level B cell translocation gene 1 protein UPKB:P62324 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:25017022 We determined the expression and function of B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) in thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid samples were obtained from cancer lesions (n=83) and adjacent normal tissue (n=35) in thyroid cancer patients immediately after endoscopic biopsy. TG1 protein expression was significantly lower in thyroid cancer tissue biopsies compared to normal tissue. Reduced BTG1 expression is associated with increased disease severity, suggesting it is a negative regulator of thyroid cancer and can serve as a prognostic indicator. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4953-1 increased CAP2 level Cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 UPKB:P40123 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:32211793 Multivariate analyses showed that CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.019). CAP2 expression is upregulated in aggressive histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer and serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for patient survival. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4954-1 increased RNF126 level RING finger protein 126 UPKB:Q9BV68 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:32254065 Upregulated protein level of RNF126 in EOC tissues is a biomarker predicting poor outcomes of EOC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4955-1 increased KLK10 level Kallikrein-10 UPKB:O43240 protein ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:12591730 HK10 concentration is significantly elevated in serum of presurgical ovarian cancer patients (range: 106-11,746 ng/liter; mean = 1067 ng/liter) but not in serum of patients with benign gynecologic diseases (range: 120-1200 ng/liter; mean = 447 ng/liter). Serum hK10 represents a novel biomarker for ovarian cancer. We conclude that preoperative serum hK10 concentration is a strong and independent unfavorable prognostic marker for ovarian cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4956-1 increased STAT3 level Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 UPKB:P40763 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 diagnostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:21577321 Expression of STAT3 in all PTC primary tumors was 98% (40/41) and thus significantly higher than corresponding benign thyroid tissue. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4956-2 increased STAT3 level Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 UPKB:P40763 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:26622669 The data demonstrated that eight genes associated with ApoE were differentially expressed, with six of these upregulated and two downregulated. Functionally, these genes were involved in the JAK-STAT cascade, acute-phase response, acute inflammatory response, and the steroid hormone response. Among these ApoE-associated genes, expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) and STAT3 transcription factors was upregulated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the network of ApoE-related genes and transcription factors in gastric cancer. Additional studies are required in order to confirm these data and to translate the results into the identification of clinical biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for gastric cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4957-1 increased SPHK1 level Sphingosine kinase 1 UPKB:Q9NYA1 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 predictive thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:28982849 Sphingosine kinase 1 is up-regulated in many different types of human malignancies and plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Sphingosine kinase 1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue was significantly higher than in nodular goiter (p<0.001) or normal thyroid (p<0.001) tissue. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4958-1 increased PINX1 level PIN2/TERF1 interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 UPKB:Q96BK5 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:30026037 Immunohistochemistry for PINX1 was performed using a tissue microarray of samples taken from the 160 patients with PTC. PINX1 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, telomerase reverse transcriptase, promoter mutation and recurrence. PINX1 mRNA expression was more pronounced in the recurrent group than in the nonrecurrent group. In addition, results of the binary logistic regression model showed that PINX1 protein expression had a significant influence on recurrence. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4959-1 decreased PINX1 level PIN2/TERF1 interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 UPKB:Q96BK5 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:26033551 PinX1 low expression staining was observed in 7 of 35 (20%) normal renal tissues, and 168 of 278 (60%) ccRCC tissues (P < 0.001) low PinX1 staining correlated with both worse overall and disease-specific survival in ccRCC (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4959-1 decreased PINX1 level PIN2/TERF1 interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 UPKB:Q96BK5 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:31254127 To further understand the molecular mechanism of PinX1 in renal cancer angiogenesis, we obtained the gene microarray to determine the downstream molecules of PinX1 in renal cancer. Surprisingly, PinX1 promoted the expression level of miR-125a-3p, which is a tumor suppressor of multiple oncogenes, including VEGF, CDK3, FUT5/6, and ERBB2/3. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4960-1 decreased 5-MC GDNA level Genomic DNA cytosine methylation NCIT:C17961 DNA urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 risk blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18339581 We have shown in a large case–control study that leucocyte DNA hypomethylation is associated with increased risk of developing bladder cancer, and this association is independent of smoking and the other assessed risk factors. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4961-1 increased DKK-1 level Dickkopf-1 UPKB:O94907 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:18561248 DKK-1 expression index (EI) was found to increase in PIN and primary lesions compared to non-neoplastic tissue (106±10 vs. 19±6, respectively, where the EI is the product of the percent expression and staining intensity). DKK-1 expression was also found to be higher in all PCa metastatic lesions (56±21 EI) compared to non-neoplastic tissues but was significantly decreased vs. primary PCa lesions (p<0.008). The decline in DKK-1 correlated with a shift of beta-catenin staining from the nucleus to the cytoplasm suggesting possible mechanism for the observed decrease in DKK-1 levels during PCa progression. Within metastatic lesions, DKK-1 expression was least abundant in PCa bone metastases relative to all soft tissue PCa metastatic lesions except lymph node metastases. High DKK-1 expression within PCa metastases was further associated with shorter over-all patient survival. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4962-1 increased DPP-4 level Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV UPKB:P27487 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:30594915 The serum DPP-IV concentration was measured in 171 male patients with PTC, 81 male patients with a benign thyroid nodule (BTN), and 52 male healthy controls (HCs). he ROC curve indicated a good performance of DPP-IV for discriminating PTC from BTN, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.881 (95% CI, 0.840-0.922). Serum DPP-IV demonstrated a modest performance in predicting nonstructurally persistent disease/recurrent disease (NSPRD) survival. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4963-1 increased CHL1 level Close homolog of L1 UPKB:O00533 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 prognostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:30311656 CHL1 was found to have greater than 15-fold higher expression in fragments per kilobase million in HCC compared with benign Hurthle cell tumors. This was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the immunoreactivity score of the CHL1 protein was significantly higher in HCC compared with benign Hürthle cell nodules. Moreover, the immunoreactivity score of the CHL1 protein was significantly higher in HCC compared with benign Hürthle cell nodules. CHL1 expression may represent a novel and useful prognostic biomarker to distinguish HCC from benign Hürthle cell disease. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4964-1 increased NPM level Nucleophosmin UPKB:P06748 protein thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 diagnostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:20515654 In these cells, a positive correlation between NPM protein levels, but not mRNA, and proliferation state was detected. By using thyroid tumor cell lines, we demonstrated that such a post-mRNA regulation may depend on NPM binding to p-Akt, whose levels were found to be increased in the tumor cells, in parallel with reduction of PTEN. In conclusion, our present data demonstrate for the first time that nucleophosmin is overexpressed in thyroid tumors, as an early event of thyroid tumorigenesis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4965-1 ACTG1 amplification Actin gamma 1 gene NCBI: 71 gene uterine cancer DOID:363 prognostic uterus UBERON:0000995 Pubmed:33217970 Given that ACTG1 and MYLK2 amplifications or overexpression were consistently observed in uterine cancers, we sought to analyze their potential as uterine cancer biomarkers. We found that patients with ACTG1 gains in the UCEC cohort, relative to those without, had a worse prognosis, while patients with MYLK2 gains did not. Based on Kaplan-Meier curves, ACTG1 gains predicted significantly shorter overall survival (p-value = 6.198 × 10-4). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4966-1 Increased NDRG1 level Differentiation-related gene 1 protein UPKB:Q92597 protein prostate cancer DOID:10283 diagnostic prostate gland UBERON:0002367 Pubmed:24386364 Increase in the expression of BTF3, HINT1, NDRG1 and ODC1 in malignant cores, diagnosed by histopathology, compared to non-malignant cores (p<0.0001, Mann Whitney U test). These results identify BTF3, HINT1, NDRG1 and ODC1 as proteins that are overexpressed in prostate cancer. NDRG1 could be a useful protein biomarker for prostate cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4967-1 increased ERBB2 level Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 UPKB:P04626 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:10829039 Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank statistics) revealed a significant association of increasing expression of c-erbB-2 with shorter disease-free (P =. 0023) and overall survival (P =.0160). High amounts of p185 were significantly associated with a high expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) (P <.010), uPA-receptor (P =.030), type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) (P <.010), type-2 PAI (P =.021), cathepsin D (P =.036), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (P =. 024), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (P =.025), and alpha-2-macroglobulin (P =.017). Multivariate analysis considering these proteases/protease inhibitors, in addition to alpha-1-antitrypsin, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen, alpha-2-antiplasmin, and antithrombin III, and established prognostic parameters revealed that, in addition to surgical curability, pT stage, pN stage, and PAI-1, c-erbB-2 is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of curatively resected patients (n = 139; P =.049; relative risk, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.67) and all patients (P =.028; relative risk 1.33; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.38). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4968-1 increased RCAS1 level Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells UPKB:O00559 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:16842844 Uterine cancer patients had significantly higher serum RCAS1 concentrations than did healthy women. The RCAS1 level was dramatically reduced in patients who had a positive response to treatment; however, the RCAS1 value increased in patients whose tumors clearly grew (P= 0.0007 and P= 0.0008, respectively) (Fig. 3). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4969-1 FGFR2 amplification Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene NCBI: 2263 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 predictive stomach UBERON:0000945 48972-4 Pubmed:23493349 Amplification of the FGFR2 gene was identified in a subset of Chinese and Caucasian patients with gastric cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4970-1 increased copy number of HGF Hepatocyte growth factor receptor NCBI: 3569 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:22042954 In 216 assessable patients, MET CNG five or more copies and homozygous HGF-truncated DATE occurred in 21 patients (10%) and 30 patients (13%), respectively. Patients with MET CNG five or more copies (MET-positive) showed significantly worse prognosis with multivariate hazard ratio (HR) of 3.02 (95% CI, 1.71 to 5.33; P < .001) for DFS and multivariate HR of 2.91 (95% CI, 1.65 to 5.11; P < .001) for OS. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4971-1 PIK3CA gene amplification Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform gene NCBI: 5290 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 63419-6 Pubmed:22292935 PIK3CA mutations and amplification were found in 8/113 (7.1%) and 88/131 (67%) gastric cancer patients, respectively. Our data showed that PIK3CA mutations were not common, but its amplification was very common in gastric cancer and may be a major mechanism in activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in gastric cancer. Importantly, Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that PIK3CA amplification was significantly positively associated with poor survival of gastric cancer patients. In the present study, a high prevalence of PIK3CA amplification was found in gastric cancer, which was significantly associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4972-1 decreased P2RX7 level P2X purinoceptor 7 UPKB:Q99572 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 diagnostic uterus UBERON:0000995 Pubmed:17035398 The P2X7 is expressed predominantly in the epithelial components of the uterus, (a) Levels of the P2X(7) are lower in uterine epithelial cancer tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues. (b) The data suggest that tissue P2X(7) mRNA and protein levels could be used as a novel biomarker to differentiate normal and cancer uterine epithelial tissues. Uterine epithelial cancerous lesions lack expression of the P2X7. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4973-1 increased KLK6 level Kallikrein-6 UPKB:Q92876 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:15867230 In contrast, serum and plasma hK6 values in USPC patients (6.1 +/- 1.1) were significantly higher than those in the noncancer group (P = 0.006), benign group (P = 0.003), and endometrioid carcinoma patients (P = 0.005). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4974-1 MIR-9-1 hypermethylation miRNA‑9-1 gene MRB:MI0000466 miRNA ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:29313235 These findings attest to oncosuppressive role of the studied microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) in the pathogenesis and progress of ovarian cancer and indicated their prognostic potential. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4975-1 increased EMC1 level Extracellular matrix protein 1 NCBI: 23065 gene thyroid gland cancer DOID:1781 diagnostic thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Pubmed:16135921 By cDNA array analysis, ADAMTS8, ECM1, MMP8, PLAU, SELP, and TMPRSS4 were upregulated, and by quantitative PCR, ECM1, SELP, and TMPRSS4 mRNA expression was higher in malignant (n = 57) than in benign (n = 38) thyroid neoplasms. Combining both markers improved their diagnostic use (AUC 0.985; sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 89.8%; positive predictive value, 85.7%; negative predictive value, 82.8%). ECM1 and TMPRSS4 expression analysis improved the diagnostic accuracy of FNA biopsy in 35 of 38 indeterminate or suspicious results. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4976-1 presence of polymorphism in CYP17 CYP17 A2 allele NCBI: 1586 gene ovarian cancer DOID:2394 risk blood UBERON:0000178 77057-8 Pubmed:16783967 Our data indicate that the CYP17 A2 allele polymorphism may confer an increased risk and can provide a biomarker for ovarian cancer patients in whom no mutations in the BRCA genes are observed. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4977-1 increased GGT level Gamma-glutamyltransferase UPKB:P19440 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 2324-2 Pubmed:27646551 Women with higher pre-treatment GGT serum levels showed impaired Overall Survival (OS) compared to women with normal low levels. Higher pre-treatment GGT serum levels were independently associated with unfavorable prognosis in women with ULMS. Thus, GGT seems to be a useful novel biomarker in ULMS. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4978-1 decreased PSMB9 level Proteasome subunit beta type 9 UPKB:P28065 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 diagnostic uterus UBERON:0000995 Pubmed:28482675 The immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments, performed separately at several medical facilities, revealed a serious loss in the ability to induce PSMB9/beta1i expression in human uterine LMS tissues in comparison with normal human myometrium tissues located in same tissue sections. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4979-1 increased ACKR3 level Atypical chemokine receptor 3 UPKB:P25106 protein esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic esophagus UBERON:0001043 Pubmed:33709176 High CXCR7 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with EAC, and high expression of CXCR7 with its ligand CXCL12 had a stronger association with prognosis. High CXCR7 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (present vs absent, P = 0.005) and higher number of lymph node metastases (pN0-1 vs pN2-3, P = 0.0014). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4980-1 increased CXCR12 level Stromal cell-derived factor 1 UPKB:P48061 protein esophageal cancer DOID:5041 prognostic esophagus UBERON:0001043 Pubmed:27439769 Immunohistochemistry revealed positive CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression in 48 (61 %) and 62 (78 %) patients, respectively. The MIB-1 proliferation index was markedly higher in ESCC with a positive expression of CXCR4 or CXCL12. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4981-1 decreased GKN1 level Gastrokine 1 NCBI: 56287 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:25469040 The present study investigated GNK1 expression in different mucosa biopsy specimens from gastric cancer, cancer-adjacent lesions, atrophic gastritis and normal control subjects (superficial gastritis patients). We found that GKN1 mRNA expression was progressively downregulated from corresponding distant non-tumour tissues to tumour tissues, and was lower than in the control tissues of both groups. This suggested that low or absent expression of GKN1 may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. This is consistent with a previous study that demonstrated decreased GKN1 expression in gastric cancer tissues. In addition, we analysed GKN1 expression in two types of gastric cancer and found that the mRNA level of GKN1 was lower in patients with diffuse type gastric cancer. This indicates that GKN1 may be related to tumour classification. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4982-1 increased methylation in RORA Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha gene promoter methylation NCBI: 6095 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:19375421 When considering progressive stages, 2 patterns were evident: (1) type 1 markers, showing consistently high levels of methylation in both gastric dysplasia and cancer (MINT25 and GDNF); (2) type 2 markers, showing high levels of methylation in early gastric cancer and gastric dysplasia but decreased levels in advanced gastric cancer (RORA, ADAM23, PRDM5, and MLF1). Of interest, use of the type 2 markers showed higher methylation levels in gastric dysplasia than in advanced gastric cancer (P < .001), which is consistent with our studies in ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. RORA and MINT25 were more hypermethylated in intestinal type GCs than those of diffuse type GCs, whereas CDH1 showed opposite patterns of methylation. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4983-1 increased COX-2 level Cyclooxygenase-2 UPKB:P35354 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 prognostic uterus UBERON:0000995 49476-5 Pubmed:15589595 COX-2 overexpression was noted in one third of the cases in both early and advanced stage disease. These patients fared significantly worse than those without COX-2 overexpression. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4984-1 increased NAV2 level Neuron navigator-2 UPKB:Q8IVL1 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 prognostic uterus UBERON:0000995 Pubmed:28643014 The presence of any degree of NAV2, assessed in 159 of these patients who had informative cores, was significantly related to shorter Overall Survival (OS) (p = 0.037; Fig. 2a). Expression was analyzed for association with clinicopathologic parameters and survival. TGLN (p < 0.001), NAV2 (p < 0.001), and FABP3 (p = 0.005) were overexpressed in LMS compared to LG-ESS, whereas nuclear CCND2 (p < 0.001) was overexpressed in LG-ESS. NAV2 and CCND2 are novel candidate prognostic markers in LMS and LG-ESS, respectively. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4985-1 increased CCND2 level Cyclin D2 UPKB:P30279 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 prognostic uterus UBERON:0000995 Pubmed:28643014 The presence of nuclear CCND2 expression in >10% tumor cells, assessed in 62 of these patients who had informative cores, was significantly related to longer Overall Survival (OS) (p = 0.012; Fig. 2b). TGLN (p < 0.001), NAV2 (p < 0.001), and FABP3 (p = 0.005) were overexpressed in LMS compared to LG ESS, whereas nuclear CCND2 (p < 0.001) was overexpressed in LG-ESS. NAV2 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in patients with LMS (p = 0.037), whereas nuclear CCND2 expression in LG-ESS was significantly related to longer survival (p = 0.012) in univariate analysis. Nuclear CCND2 expression was an independent prognosticator in Cox multivariate analysis (p = 0.023). In conclusion, TGLN, FABP3, NAV2, and nuclear CCND2 aid in differentiating LG-ESS from LMS. NAV2 and CCND2 are novel candidate prognostic markers in LMS and LG-ESS, respectively. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4986-1 increased TAGLN level Transgelin UPKB:Q01995 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 diagnostic smooth muscle tissue UBERON:0001135 Pubmed:23174934 For the diagnosis of leiomyosarcomas versus all other sarcomas including GIST, transgelin emerged as the best diagnostic marker with 83% Se, 82% Sp, a PPV of 67%, a NPV of 92% and an accuracy rate of 83%. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4987-1 increased IMP3 level Insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA-binding protein-3 UPKB:Q9NV31 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 prognostic uterus UBERON:0000995 Pubmed:18223334 IMP3 expression was predominantly found in endometrial serous carcinoma and its putative precursor lesions, with 3 (14%) of 21 endometrial glandular dysplasia, 16 (89%) of 18 serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma, and 48 (94%) of 51 serous carcinomas (P<0.001). We conclude that expression of IMP3, a newly identified cytoplasmic marker, is closely associated with type II endometrial cancer. It seems that IMP3 expression is associated with an aggressive histologic phenotype among endometrial neoplastic lesions. Strong and diffuse IMP3 expression is highly sensitive for endometrial serous and clear cell carcinomas including their putative precursor lesions. Therefore, IMP3 may be a useful diagnostic marker in the assessment of endometrial cancers and their precursor lesions, particularly when the amount of available tissue material is limited and a concern of type II cancer arises. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4988-1 increased CD10 level Cluster of differentiation 10 UPKB:P08473 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 diagnostic uterus UBERON:0000995 51214-5 Pubmed:15571618 Uterine Adenosarcoma (UAS) with sarcomatous overgrowth stained strongly positive in five of eight (63%) cases. Pattern of strong positivity was focal in four of five (80%). These findings suggest that CD10 can be used to differentiate UAS from cellular leiomyoma, or in case endometrial stromal cells exhibit muscle differentiation. Furthermore, CD10 positivity in recurrent UAS might guide the pathologist toward an endometrial stromal origin. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4988-1 increased CD10 level Cluster of differentiation 10 UPKB:P08473 protein uterine cancer DOID:363 diagnostic uterus UBERON:0000995 51214-5 Pubmed:11532038 CD10 is a reliable and sensitive immunohistochemical marker of normal endometrial stroma. Positivity, which is often strong and/or diffuse is found in endometrial stromal nodules and low-grade ESS. Positive staining with CD10, when strong and diffuse, may be useful in distinguishing these tumours from histological mimics, especially cellular leiomyoma and AGCT which are generally negative. There was positive staining of all low-grade Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4989-1 increased CD274 level Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 UPKB:Q9NZQ7 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:31981446 Based on our established CTC detection platform, CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood samples collected from 70 patients (38 resectable and 32 unresectable) with GC using magnetic positive selection and a CSV-specific monoclonal antibody, 84-1. CSV+ PD-L1+ CTCs were observed in 50 of 70 (71%) GC patient samples, ranging from 0 to 261 mL-1. A higher number of CSV+ PD-L1+ CTCs were significantly associated with a short survival duration and poor therapeutic response. This study demonstrated that detection of PD-L1+ CTCs using a CSV-enrichment method has promising value as a clinically relevant prognostic marker for GC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4989-1 increased CD274 level Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 UPKB:Q9NZQ7 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:30925913 We found that inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNAs increased the levels of PD-L1 in cultured gastric cancer cells and in xenografts. Mechanistically, autophagy inhibition led to the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB, in which NF-kB inhibition or p62/SQSTM1 knockdown attenuated PD-L1 induction by autophagy inhibition. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor tissues of 137 patients with gastric cancer showed that LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 protein levels were positively correlated with PD-L1 (LC3, p < 0.001; p62/SQSTM1, p < 0.05). The expression of PD-L1 was also positively correlated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration (p < 0.001). We discovered that autophagy regulates PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer through the p62/SQSTM1-NF-kB pathway. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy may thus influence the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in gastric cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4989-2 increased CD274 level Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 UPKB:Q9NZQ7 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:31653140 Among the 150 samples, 66 (44%) expressed PDL1 expression in the tumor cell surface, and a significant association was between the PDL1 expression and the high graded tumors biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4989-2 increased CD274 level Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 UPKB:Q9NZQ7 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:33797012 PD-L1 expression predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but has also been suggested to be linked to poor patient outcome. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4990-1 increased ARPP-19 level cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19 NCBI: 10776 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:32753897 We observed ARPP-19 was up-regulated in Herceptin resistance gastric cancer cells NCI-N87-HR and MKN45-HR. The forced expression of ARPP-19 promoted, whereas the silencing of ARPP-19 impaired Herceptin resistance of HER2-positive gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ARPP-19 significantly enhanced the sphere formation capacity and CD44 expression, CD44 was also a positive factor of Herceptin resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer cells. In addition, high level of ARPP-19 was positively associated with Herceptin resistance and poor survival rate of gastric cancer patients. We have demonstrated that ARPP-19 promoted Herceptin resistance of gastric cancer via up-regulation of CD44, our study suggested that ARPP-19 could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic candidate for HER2-positive gastric cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4991-1 increased DSC2 level Desmocollin-2 NCBI: 1824 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:20527021 Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Genes expressed only in cancer tissue, and especially on the cell membrane, will be useful molecular markers for diagnosis and may also be good therapeutic targets. To identify genes that encode transmembrane proteins present in GC, we generated Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap (CAST) libraries from two GC cell lines and normal stomach. By sequencing 4320 colonies from CAST libraries, we identified 30 candidate genes that encode transmembrane proteins present in GC. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of these candidates revealed that ZDHHC14, BST2, DRAM2, and DSC2 were expressed much more highly in GC than in 14 kinds of normal tissues. Among these, DSC2 encodes desmocollin 2, which is one of three known desmocollins. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that 22 (28%) of 80 GC cases were positive for desmocollin 2, and desmocollin 2 expression was observed frequently in GC with the intestinal mucin phenotype. Furthermore, desmocollin 2 expression was correlated with CDX2 expression. These results suggest that expression of desmocollin 2, induced by CDX2, may be a key regulator for GC with the intestinal mucin phenotype. Our results provide a list of genes that have high potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for GC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4992-1 increased HOXA10 level Homeobox protein HOXA10 UPKB:P31260 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:31406476 HOXA10 expression was obviously increased in gastric cancer tissues and cells when compared with the normal gastric tissue samples and cells. Upregulation of HOXA10 significantly enhanced cell proliferation, cloning formation and tumorigenesis abilities and reduced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer, and promoted the activation of JAK1/STAT3 signaling. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4993-1 decreased OLFM4 level Olfactomedin-4 NCBI: 10562 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:22471589 Our study suggests that depletion of OLFM4 significantly inhibits tumorigenicity of the gastric cancer SGC-7901 and MKN45 cells. Blocking OLFM4 expression can sensitize gastric cancer cells to H2O2 or TNF alpha treatment by increasing caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. The elimination of OLFM4 protein by RNA interference in SGC-7901 and MKN45 cells significantly inhibits tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo by induction of cell G1 arrest (all P < 0.01). OLFM4 knockdown did not trigger obvious cell apoptosis but increased H2O2 or TNF alpha-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activity (all P < 0.01). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4994-1 increased CDH17 level Cadherin-17 UPKB:Q12864 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:20398667 Expression of CDH17 or MUC13 correlated with patient survival in the test and validation sets. Multivariate analysis showed that CDH17 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage I or node-negative disease. Expression of CDH17 and MUC13 was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. CDH17 is a promising prognostic marker for early stage gastric cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4995-1 increased PVT1 level Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 RNAC:URS0000D3E92F RNA stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:31966056 Compared with paracancerous tissues, the expression of PVT1 and miR-125 was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues. There were no significant differences in the expression level of PVT1 between gastric cancer patients of different genders and ages. The higher the gastric cancer staging was, the more obvious the expression level of PVT1 in the tissues of patients with gastric cancer was, and the more obvious the expression of PVT1 in the tissues of patients with gastric lymph node metastasis was. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4996-1 decreased PRMT1 level Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 UPKB:Q99873 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:31655611 Nuclear PRMT1 IHC expression was seen in all samples of the renal parenchyma used as a positive control. PRMT1 expression together with low-nuclear tumor grade and stage were significantly associated with better cancer-specific survival (p = 0.029). Patients who died of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) showed homogenous loss of PRMT1 in 44.7%. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4996-1 decreased PRMT1 level Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 UPKB:Q99873 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:33859753 Taken together, our study revealed a PRMT1-dependent epigenetic mechanism in the control of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumor growth and drug resistance, indicating PRMT1 may serve as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in ccRCC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4997-1 increased NUPR1 level Nuclear protein 1 UPKB:O60356 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:34030133 NUPR1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in ccRCC cells and cancer tissues compared with HK-2 cells (human renal cortex/proximal tubular epithelial cells) and adjacent normal kidney tissues. High NUPR1 mRNA level in primary tumors was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4997-1 increased NUPR1 level Nuclear protein 1 UPKB:O60356 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:27451286 Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong expression of NUPR1 in the nuclei of renal proximal tubules of injured human kidney allografts, but not in those of stable allografts. Taken together, these results suggest that epithelial expression of NUPR1 has a protective role in response to injury after renal transplant and, presumably, in other forms of acute tubular damage. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4998-1 increased DKC1 level H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit UPKB:O60832 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:29901172 High DKC1 expression was detected in 61.3% ccRCC tissues and 34.7% paracancerous tissues. ccRCC patients with high DKC1 expression were correlated with greater unfavorable 5-year overall and disease-specific survival than the rest of the patients with low DKC1 expression (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4999-1 increased SCARB1 level Scavenger receptor class B member 1 UPKB:Q8WTV0 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:29357836 The expression of SR-BI was significantly increased in ccRCC tissues compared with normal matched tissues. Patients with tumors that expressed high levels of SR-BI had a shorter PFS survival (P = 0.0062). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA4999-1 increased SCARB1 level Scavenger receptor class B member 1 UPKB:Q8WTV0 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:26936883 Our findings demonstrate that hSR-BII, and to a lesser extent hSR-BI, significantly increase LPS-induced inflammation and contribute to LPS-induced tissue injury in the liver and kidney, two major organs susceptible to LPS toxicity. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5000-1 decreased QKI level Protein quaking UPKB:Q96PU8 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:27767378 The relative expression level of QKI-5 was significantly lower in the tumor tissues than it was in their noncancerous counterparts (P < 0.01). Decreased QKI-5 expression significantly correlated with poorer overall survival in ccRCC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5000-1 decreased QKI level Protein quaking UPKB:Q96PU8 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:34804823 Our results revealed that downregulation of QKI-5 by miR-200c attenuated KIRC migration and invasion via the EMT process, indicating that QKI-5 may be a potential therapeutic target and a key indicator of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) progression. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5001-1 decreased SORBS2 level Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 UPKB:O94875 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:33311452 There was significantly lower expression of SORBS2 protein in metastatic tissues than that in primary tissues and normal tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with low SORBS2 had a poorer overall survival than those belonging to high SORBS2 levels in ccRCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5001-1 decreased SORBS2 level Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 UPKB:O94875 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:32905431 KCNQ1OT1 and SORBS2 were elevated in DN. Both knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 and silencing of SORBS2 restrained proliferation and fibrosis and induced apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) cells. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5002-1 increased IGF2BP3 level Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 UPKB:O00425 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:30650187 IMP3 concentration was significantly elevated in plasma samples of tumor patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.015). IMP3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) tissues compared to tumor neighboring normal tissues (p=0.001). high IMP3 plasma concentration was an independent risk factor of Overall Survival, OS, (p=0.002) and DSS (p=0.039) and elevated IMP3 mRNA expression levels were independently associated with poor DSS (p=0.047). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5002-1 increased IGF2BP3 level Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 UPKB:O00425 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:25919292 IMP3 promotes RCC cell migration and invasion by activation of NF-kB pathway. IMP3 is validated to be an independent prognostic marker for localized CCRCC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5003-1 increased APOC1 level Apolipoprotein C-I UPKB:P02654 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:31555694 It was firstly found that concentration of APOC1 in serum was significantly higher in GC than that in control. Expression of APOC1 protein was also higher in GC than that in adjacent issues of GC and normal tissues using tissues array by immunohistochemistry. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5004-1 decreased ATP4B level Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta NCBI: 496 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:28281974 ATP4B expression was decreased in human GC tissues and cell lines associated with DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 at its intragenic region close to the transcriptional start site. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5005-1 increased DDX5 level Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase UPKB:P17844 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:28216662 In this study, we observed that DDX5 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal tissues. The expression of DDX5 correlated strongly with Ki67 index and pathological stage of gastric cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that knockdown of DDX5 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and xenografts growth, whereas ectopic expression of DDX5 promoted these cellular functions. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5006-1 increased mutation in LRP1B Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B gene NCBI: 53353 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:34603481 LRP1B is one of the top 10 genes with high gene mutation frequency in gastric cancer. The mutation status of LRP1B in gastric cancer patients was significantly correlated with age and TP53 and MUC16 mutation status. The result of ROC curve analysis revealed that the mutation status of LRP1B could be considered as an indicator of the degree of TMB in patients with gastric cancer. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5007-1 increased GPX1 level Glutathione peroxidase 1 UPKB:P07203 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 diagnostic kidney UBERON:0002113 LP15611-4 Pubmed:31844035 Bioinformatics analysis found that high expression of GPX1 was positively correlated with tumor stage, distant metastasis and lymphatic metastasis. ROC curve analysis found that high expression of GPX1 could effectively distinguish ccRCC from normal individuals. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5008-1 increased SPAG9 level C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4 UPKB:O60271 protein skin cancer DOID:4159 diagnostic skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Pubmed:25033008 SPAG9 was upregulated in NMSC when compared with normal skin. In conclusion, SPAG9 is expressed in NMSC cases. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5009-1 decreased FGFR3 level Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 NCBI: 2261 gene urinary bladder cancer DOID:11054 prognostic urinary bladder UBERON:0001255 LP19706-8 Pubmed:28927152 Low FGFR3 expression level was associated with high-grade tumors and cancer progression (P=0.006 and P=0.001), whereas FGFR3 mutation status was not associated with cancer progression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a similar result (log-rank, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified low FGFR3 expression level (odds ratio, 3.300; 95% confidence interval, 1.310-8.313; P=0.011) as an independent predictor of cancer progression. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5010-1 increased methylation in BARHL2 BarH-like 2 homeobox protein gene NCBI: 343472 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:27441821 High levels of BARHL2 methylation were detected in three of seven GC cell lines; consistent with this, these cell lines expressed low levels of BARHL2. Treatment of these cell lines with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored BARHL2 expression. Levels of BARHL2 methylation in 18 normal and 14 atrophic gastritis samples were low irrespective of Helicobacter pylori infection. High levels of BARHL2 methylation were observed in gastric wash-derived DNA obtained from early GC patients before endoscopic resection (ER), but methylation was significantly lower after curative ER. Analysis using gastric juice derived exoDNA samples revealed that BARHL2 methylation yielded an area under the curve of 0.923 with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity with respect to discriminating GC patients from non-GC controls. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5011-1 increased methylation in GFRA3 GDNF family receptor alpha-3 gene NCBI: 2676 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:26984265 The different DNA methylation clusters of the tumors and normal tissue indicate that aberrant DNA methylation is a distinct feature of gastric cancer, although there is little difference in the overall, and low, methylation levels between the two tissue types. The GFRA3 promoter region showed marked hypermethylation in almost all tumors, and its correlation with survival and other clinicopathological parameters may have important prognostic significance. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5012-1 decreased GPX3 level Glutathione peroxidase 3 NCBI: 2878 gene stomach cancer DOID:10534 diagnostic stomach UBERON:0000945 Pubmed:23071548 Downregulation or silencing of GPX3 was detected in 8 of 9 cancer cell lines, 83% (90/108) gastric cancers samples, as compared to non-tumor adjacent normal gastric samples (P<0.0001). Examination of GPX3 promoter demonstrated DNA hypermethylation (= 10% methylation level determined by Bisulfite Pyrosequencing) in 6 of 9 cancer cell lines and 60% of gastric cancer samples (P = 0.007). We also detected a significant loss of DNA copy number of GPX3 in gastric cancers (P<0.001). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5013-1 increased SNHG5 level Long noncoding RNA SNHG5 RNAC:URS000075B42D RNA kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:32281285 SNHG5 expression was found to be remarkably increased in ccRCC samples. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5013-1 increased SNHG5 level Long noncoding RNA SNHG5 RNAC:URS000075B42D RNA kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:32194916 SNHG5 expression levels were significantly increased in ccRCC tissues compared to those in non-tumor tissue. Inhibition of SNHG5 expression significantly reduced invasion ability and increased apoptosis rate of 786-O RCC cells infected with shR-NA-SNHG5. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5014-1 increased antigen level Sialylated tumor-related antigen GTC:G78959US glycan pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 predictive blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33093149 Furthermore, a blood-plasma test for the sTRA glycan identified the PDACs that showed rapid relapse following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This research demonstrates the use of the sTRA glycan to identify the PDAC cases that are highly resistant to chemotherapy. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5015-1 increased N-glycan level Lewis x fucosylated monogalactosylated triantennary N-glycan GTC:G36521AS glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18818422 Following digestion with sialidase and beta-galactosidase, the alpha1,3-fucosylated trisialylated triantennary structure (A3FG3S3, GU 10.75) digested to form the alpha1,3-fucosylated monogalactosylated triantennary structure (A3FG1). We observed a significant difference in the trends of both A3FG1 and CA 15-3 in all 10 patients. Interestingly, we found that A3FG1 increased in all the second samples, clearly consistent with breast cancer progression and/or metastasis. This preliminary result suggests that compared to the commonly measured CA 15-3 and CEA, the glycan marker A3FG1, quantified from whole serum of breast cancer patients, could be more reliable for detecting disease progression and metastasis. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5016-1 decreased ALKBH5 level Alkylation repair homologue 5 UPKB:Q6P6C2 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:31985880 ALKBH5 was significantly reduced in RCC compared to normal tissue (P < 0.001), low expression levels of ALKBH5 and FTO were correlated with a shorter overall survival (OS: ALKBH5 log-rank P = 0.007; FTO log-rank P = 0.033) and cancer-specific survival (CSS: ALKBH5 log-rank P = 0.018; FTO log-rank P = 0.029 biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5016-1 decreased ALKBH5 level Alkylation repair homologue 5 UPKB:Q6P6C2 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:34683137 . Univariate analysis showed that higher FTO expression was associated with better overall and progression free survival in both ccRCC and pRCC patients. No associations were disclosed concerning ALKBH5 expressions levels. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5017-1 decreased FTO level Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase UPKB:Q9C0B1 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:34683137 ALKBH5 was significantly reduced in RCC compared to normal tissue (P < 0.001), low expression levels of ALKBH5 and FTO were correlated with a shorter overall survival (OS: ALKBH5 log-rank P = 0.007; FTO log-rank P = 0.033) and cancer-specific survival (CSS: ALKBH5 log-rank P = 0.018; FTO log-rank P = 0.029 [PMID: 31985880]. Univariate analysis showed that higher FTO expression was associated with better overall and progression free survival in both ccRCC and pRCC patients. No associations were disclosed concerning ALKBH5 expressions levels. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5018-1 differentially measured MIR-576 level miR-576 MRB:MI0003583 RNA kidney cancer DOID:263 diagnostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:31350524 Thirteen miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in RCC patients were identified, 10 of them have been proved to be associated with kidney cancer in other studies, miR-576, miR-616 and miR-133a-2 are three newly discovered biomarkers of RCC in this study. We found that the target genes of miR-576 (CUL3 and RAC1) are involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related biological pathways, and the target gene of miR-616 (ASB13 and FBXW2) has been reported to be associated with the development of other cancers. Our findings may have guiding significance for the early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5019-1 differentially measured MIR-616 level miR-616 MRB:MI0003629 RNA kidney cancer DOID:263 diagnostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:31350524 Thirteen miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in RCC patients were identified, 10 of them have been proved to be associated with kidney cancer in other studies, miR-576, miR-616 and miR-133a-2 are three newly discovered biomarkers of RCC in this study. We found that the target genes of miR-576 (CUL3 and RAC1) are involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related biological pathways, and the target gene of miR-616 (ASB13 and FBXW2) has been reported to be associated with the development of other cancers. Our findings may have guiding significance for the early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5020-1 increased P4HB level Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide UPKB:P07237 protein kidney cancer DOID:263 prognostic kidney UBERON:0002113 Pubmed:31350524 High expression of P4HB mRNA was related to significantly worse Overall Survival (OS) for KIRC patients (Kidney renal cell carcinoma) (p<0.0001). Univariate Cox regression analyses, showed higher stage and high P4HB mRNA expression exhibited unfavorable effects on OS (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5021-1 differentially measured 4-hydroxybenzoate level 4-Hydroxybenzoate CHEBI:17879 metabolite kidney cancer DOID:263 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 MTHU027525 Pubmed:21348635 Quinolinate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and gentisate were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups at an FDR (False Discovery Rate) of 0.26, 4-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate being decreased in cancer patients urine compared to normal patients' urine. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5022-1 differentially measured gentisate level Gentisate CHEBI:58044 metabolite kidney cancer DOID:263 diagnostic urine UBERON:0001088 47858-6 Pubmed:21348635 Quinolinate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and gentisate were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups at an FDR (False Discovery Rate) of 0.26, 4-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate being decreased in cancer patients urine compared to normal patients' urine. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5023-1 increased IL1B level Interleukin-1 beta protein UPKB:P01584 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 13629-1 Pubmed:32511562 COVID-19 is associated with high levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8. IL-6 was one of the most robust prognostic markers of survival. It remained independently associated with severity and predictive of outcome. Furthermore, elevated TNF-a, known to contribute to organ damage, was also a strong predictor of poor outcome. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5023-1 increased IL1B level Interleukin-1 beta protein UPKB:P01584 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 13629-1 Pubmed:31986264 We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Initial plasma IL1B concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5023-2 increased IL1B level Interleukin-1 beta protein UPKB:P01584 protein head and neck cancer DOID:11934 diagnostic saliva UBERON:0001836 13629-1 Pubmed:21109482 IL1B protein and IL8 protein as well as S100P mRNA were increased the most between all OSCC patients and controls with a fold change of 3.96, 3.09, and 3.24 respectively. Combined markers proved to be the strongest discriminator of OSCC with an AUC of 0.86 for all cancer patients (IL1B protein + SAT1 mRNA + DUSP1 mRNA), 0.85 for T1-T2 (IL1B mRNA + SAT1 mRNA + DUSP1 mRNA), and 0.88 for T3-T4 (IL1B protein + DUSP1 mRNA) (Figure 1 and Table 3). The sensitivity/specificity for these groups were 0.89/0.78, 0.67/0.96, and 0.82/0.84 respectively. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5024-1 decreased IL1B level Interleukin-1 beta protein NCBI: 3553 gene diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 13629-1 Pubmed:17595242 Changes in expression of IL1B, early growth response gene 3, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 resolved within 4 months of insulin therapy and were also observed in T2D, suggesting that they resulted from hyperglycemia. With use of a knowledge base, 81 of 282 genes could be placed within a network of interrelated genes with predicted functions including apoptosis and cell proliferation. IL1B and the MYC oncogene were the most highly connected genes in the network. IL1B was highly overexpressed in both T1D and T2D, whereas MYC was dysregulated only in T1D. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5025-1 methylation in RASSF1 Ras association domain-containing protein 1 gene NCBI: 11186 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:24980613 RASSF1 was methylated in 45% of prostate cancer urine samples with methylation intensity significantly higher in prostate cancer than in benign prostatic hyperplasia cases (p = 0.018). In a univariate model RASSF1 methylation and the total number of methylated genes in prostate cancer tissue were predictive of time to biochemical recurrence (p = 0.019 and 0.043, respectively). On multivariate analysis RASSF1 methylation together with pathological stage was the most significant predictor of biochemical recurrence in patients with Gleason score 6 tumors when analyzed in tissue and urine (p ≤0.001). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5026-1 increased PLAT aggregation Platelet aggregation CO:CL_0000233 cell breast cancer DOID:1612 risk blood UBERON:0000178 11125-2 Pubmed:7829253 Platelets significantly increased the invasiveness of the 3 types of mammalian tumor cell tested (MDA-MB231, MCF-7 and ZR-51). This increased invasiveness is due, at least partially, to an increase in gelatinase secretion. This was shown in the case of MDA-MB231 where the basal level of gelatinase was greatly stimulated by platelets. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5027-1 increased ANGPT2 level Angiopoietin-2 protein UPKB:O15123 protein COVID-19 DOID:0080600 prognostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:32458111 Angiopoietin-2 is a relevant predictive factor for ICU direct admission in COVID-19 patients. This result showing an endothelial activation reinforces the hypothesis of a COVID-19-associated microvascular dysfunction. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5028-1 increased EGFR level Epidermal growth factor receptor protein UPKB:P00533 protein breast cancer DOID:1612 prognostic breast UBERON:0000310 13659-8 Pubmed:30431376 The high expression of EGFR can be used to predict the severity of IBC, as well as the candidate biomarkers of metastasis, and it may also be associated with poor prognosis of IBC patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5028-2 increased EGFR level Epidermal growth factor receptor protein UPKB:P00533 protein stomach cancer DOID:10534 prognostic stomach UBERON:0000945 13659-8 Pubmed:18397279 One hundred and forty cases (27.4%) showed EGFR overexpression by IHC. EGFR overexpression was associated with older age (P = 0.001), moderately or poorly differentiated histology (P = 0.001) and higher stage disease (P = 0.046). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5029-1 increased N-glycan level Monosialylated core fucosylated N-glycan GTC:G35622MN glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18487288 Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5030-1 increased N-glycan level Disialylated Lewis fucosylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan GTC:G03692CL (composition) glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18487288 Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5031-1 increased N-glycan level Disialylated tetraantennary core fucosylated N-glycan GTC:G28790AT glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18487288 Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5032-1 increased N-glycan level Trisialylated Lewis fucosylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan GTC:G20102QS glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18487288 Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5033-1 increased N-glycan level Trisialylated core fucosylated tetraantennary N-glycan GTC:G72750GQ glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18487288 Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5034-1 increased N-glycan level Tetrasialylated tetraantennary N-glycan GTC:G66374JF glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18487288 Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5035-1 decreased N-glycan level Disialylated triantennary N-glycan GTC:G46440UD glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18487288 Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5036-1 decreased N-glycan level Monosialylated hybrid N-glycan GTC:G41793DV glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:18487288 Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5037-1 increased N-glycan level Biantennary bisected core fucosylated N-glycan GTC:G85767HW glycan liver cancer DOID:3571 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:33255418 The level of serum N-glycan A2G1(6)FB, a biantennary N-glycan containing core fucose and bisecting GlcNAc residues, was significantly higher in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected cirrhotic patients with HCC than in those without HCC. In addition, A2G1(6)FB was detectable in HCV-infected patients with early-stage HCC. In conclusion, the N-glycan A2G1(6)FB may be a potential biomarker to detect early HCC development in HCV-infected patients. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5038-1 decreased N-glycan level Biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan GTC:G52069SB glycan esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19441788 The changes in the relative intensities of three of the known glycan structures predicted esophageal adenocarcinoma with 94% sensitivity and better than 60% specificity as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We have demonstrated that comparative glycomic profiling of EAC reveals a subset of glycans that can be selected as candidate biomarkers. These markers can differentiate disease-free from HGD, disease-free from EAC, and HGD from EAC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5039-1 decreased N-glycan level Monogalactosylated biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan GTC:G86265JV glycan esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19441788 The changes in the relative intensities of three of the known glycan structures predicted esophageal adenocarcinoma with 94% sensitivity and better than 60% specificity as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We have demonstrated that comparative glycomic profiling of EAC reveals a subset of glycans that can be selected as candidate biomarkers. These markers can differentiate disease-free from HGD, disease-free from EAC, and HGD from EAC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5040-1 decreased N-glycan level Monosialylated monogalactosylated biantennary N-glycan GTC:G06014UR glycan esophageal cancer DOID:5041 diagnostic blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:19441788 The changes in the relative intensities of three of the known glycan structures predicted esophageal adenocarcinoma with 94% sensitivity and better than 60% specificity as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We have demonstrated that comparative glycomic profiling of EAC reveals a subset of glycans that can be selected as candidate biomarkers. These markers can differentiate disease-free from HGD, disease-free from EAC, and HGD from EAC. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5041-1 increased N-glycan level Man6 high mannose N-glycan GTC:G80966KZ glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic tissue UBERON:0000479 Pubmed:30889355 In comparing the N-glycan profiles of healthy individuals with those suffering from breast cancer, six N-glycans with AUC greater than 0.9 indicated excellent diagnostic accuracy (Figure 4). Of those, two bisected N-glycans (F0H4N5S0 and F1H4N5S0, Figure 4A,B) exhibited decreased relative abundances, while the other four N-glycans included three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, and F0H8N2S0, Figure 4C,D,E), and fucosylated glycan (F1H3N2S0, Figure 4F) exhibited increased relative abundances. Overall, three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, F0H8N2S0) exhibited significant diagnostic accuracy in both breast cancer cells and tissues, suggesting their potential role in biomarkers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5042-1 increased N-glycan level Man7 high mannose N-glycan GTC:G36059IK glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic tissue UBERON:0000479 Pubmed:30889355 In comparing the N-glycan profiles of healthy individuals with those suffering from breast cancer, six N-glycans with AUC greater than 0.9 indicated excellent diagnostic accuracy (Figure 4). Of those, two bisected N-glycans (F0H4N5S0 and F1H4N5S0, Figure 4A,B) exhibited decreased relative abundances, while the other four N-glycans included three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, and F0H8N2S0, Figure 4C,D,E), and fucosylated glycan (F1H3N2S0, Figure 4F) exhibited increased relative abundances. Overall, three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, F0H8N2S0) exhibited significant diagnostic accuracy in both breast cancer cells and tissues, suggesting their potential role in biomarkers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5043-1 increased N-glycan level Man8 high mannose N-glycan GTC:G66676MI glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 diagnostic tissue UBERON:0000479 Pubmed:30889355 In comparing the N-glycan profiles of healthy individuals with those suffering from breast cancer, six N-glycans with AUC greater than 0.9 indicated excellent diagnostic accuracy (Figure 4). Of those, two bisected N-glycans (F0H4N5S0 and F1H4N5S0, Figure 4A,B) exhibited decreased relative abundances, while the other four N-glycans included three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, and F0H8N2S0, Figure 4C,D,E), and fucosylated glycan (F1H3N2S0, Figure 4F) exhibited increased relative abundances. Overall, three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, F0H8N2S0) exhibited significant diagnostic accuracy in both breast cancer cells and tissues, suggesting their potential role in biomarkers. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5044-1 increased N-glycan level Neu5Gc GTC:G26366JF glycan breast cancer DOID:1612 monitoring blood UBERON:0000178 Pubmed:35346112 Analysis of sera from breast cancer cases revealed significantly elevated levels of Neu5Gc biomarkers at all stages of breast cancer. We show that Neu5Gc serum biomarker levels can discriminate breast cancer patients from cancer-free individuals with 98.96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Neu5Gc serum biomarkers are a promising new tool for early detection and disease monitoring for breast cancer that may complement current imaging- and biopsy-based approaches. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5045-1 hypermethylated MIR-9-1 gene miRNA‑9-1 gene MRB:MI0000466 miRNA ovarian cancer DOID:2394 prognostic ovary UBERON:0000992 Pubmed:29313235 ...five microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) methylated in the majority of tumor specimens in comparison with paired specimens of histologically intact tissue (37-57% vs. 4-9%, p<0.01). Methylation of three genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, and MIR-130b) was significantly (p≤0.05) associated with the parameters of ovarian cancer progress (clinical stage, differentiation degree, tumor size, and presence of metastases). These findings attest to oncosuppressive role of the studied microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) in the pathogenesis and progress of ovarian cancer and indicated their prognostic potential. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role AA5046-1 hypermethylated RASSF1 gene Ras association domain-containing protein 1 gene NCBI: 11186 gene prostate cancer DOID:10283 prognostic urine UBERON:0001088 Pubmed:24980613 Hypermethylation of RASSF1 in cancerous tissue and urine from patients with prostate cancer correlated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. The prognostic potential of this biomarker deserves further investigation. biomarker;assessed_biomarker_entity;specimen;condition;best_biomarker_role