{ "uniprot_canonical_ac": "P04406-1", "uniprot_ac": "P04406", "uniprot_id": "G3P_HUMAN", "mass": { "chemical_mass": 36053.0, "monoisotopic_mass": 36053.0 }, "refseq": { "ac": "NP_001243728", "name": "glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 2", "summary": "This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014].", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728" }, "gene_names": [ { "name": "GAPDH", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "recommended", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406", "id": "P04406" }, { "name": "CDABP0047", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406", "id": "P04406" }, { "name": "G3PD; GAPD; HEL-S-162eP", "resource": "RefSeq", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728", "id": "NP_001243728" }, { "name": "GAPDH", "resource": "RefSeq", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728", "id": "NP_001243728" }, { "name": "GAPD", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406", "id": "P04406" }, { "name": "SW-cl.12", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406", "id": "P04406" } ], "protein_names": [ { "name": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "recommended", "url": "", "id": "P04406" }, { "name": "1.2.1.12", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "", "id": "P04406" }, { "name": "2.6.99.-", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "", "id": "P04406" }, { "name": "GAPDH", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "", "id": "P04406" }, { "name": "Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "", "id": "P04406" }, { "name": "aging-associated gene 9 protein; OCAS, p38 component; peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH; epididymis secretory sperm binding protein Li 162eP; Oct1 coactivator in S phase, 38 Kd component", "resource": "RefSeq", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728", "id": "NP_001243728" }, { "name": "glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 2", "resource": "RefSeq", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728", "id": "NP_001243728" } ], "function": [ { "annotation": "GAPDH is a moonlighting protein that functions as a glycolytic enzyme as well as a uracil DNA glycosylase. Review article", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_001243728", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "20727968", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20727968" } ] }, { "annotation": "Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively (PubMed:3170585, PubMed:11724794). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate (PubMed:3170585, PubMed:11724794). Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton (By similarity). Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules (By similarity). Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes (PubMed:23071094). Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation (PubMed:23071094). Also plays a role in innate immunity by promoting TNF-induced NF-kappa-B activation and type I interferon production, via interaction with TRAF2 and TRAF3, respectively (PubMed:23332158, PubMed:27387501). Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis (By similarity). Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC (By similarity).", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406#function" }, { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04797", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04797#function" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23332158", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "27387501", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/27387501" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "11724794", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/11724794" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23071094", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23071094" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "3170585", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/3170585" } ] }, { "annotation": "Neutrophil metabolomics in severe COVID-19 reveal GAPDH as a suppressor of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Publication Status: Online-Only", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_001243728", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "37147288", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/37147288" } ] }, { "annotation": "The protein encoded by this gene contains a peptide that displays antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans.", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_001243728", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "22832495", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/22832495" } ] }, { "annotation": "This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014].", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_001243728", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728" } ] }, { "annotation": "Uncoupled glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle in kidney cancer reveals that cytosolic GPD is essential to support lipid synthesis.", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_001243728", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001243728" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "37084714", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/37084714" } ] } ], "disease": [], "snv": [ { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs74407849", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs74407849" }, { "id": "rs74407849", "database": "ENSEMBL", "url": "https://www.ensembl.org/id/rs74407849" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "n-glyco-sequon-gain" ], "start_pos": 141, "end_pos": 141, "sequence_org": "D", "sequence_mut": "N", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: n-glyco-sequon-gain (DNS->NNS).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6537194", "ref_nt": "A", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "D141", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs767788286", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs767788286" }, { "id": "rs767788286", "database": "ExAC", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs767788286" }, { "id": "rs767788286", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs767788286" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "n-glyco-sequon-gain" ], "start_pos": 146, "end_pos": 146, "sequence_org": "I", "sequence_mut": "N", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: n-glyco-sequon-gain (IIS->NIS).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6537210", "ref_nt": "A", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "I146", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs1213257920", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs1213257920" }, { "id": "rs1213257920", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs1213257920" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "n-glyco-sequon-loss" ], "start_pos": 149, "end_pos": 149, "sequence_org": "N", "sequence_mut": "S", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: n-glyco-sequon-loss (NAS->SAS).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6537311", "ref_nt": "G", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "N149", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs771140596", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs771140596" }, { "id": "rs771140596", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs771140596" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "o-glyco-site-loss" ], "start_pos": 210, "end_pos": 210, "sequence_org": "S", "sequence_mut": "C", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: o-glyco-site-loss (S->C).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6537687", "ref_nt": "G", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "S210", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs771140596", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs771140596" }, { "id": "rs771140596", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs771140596" }, { "id": "24292195", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24292195" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "o-glyco-site-loss" ], "start_pos": 210, "end_pos": 210, "sequence_org": "S", "sequence_mut": "F", "comment": "Somatic mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: o-glyco-site-loss (S->F).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6537687", "ref_nt": "T", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "S210", "keywords": [ "ebi", "somatic" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs11549345", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs11549345" }, { "id": "rs11549345", "database": "ENSEMBL", "url": "https://www.ensembl.org/id/rs11549345" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "o-glyco-site-loss" ], "start_pos": 210, "end_pos": 210, "sequence_org": "S", "sequence_mut": "P", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: o-glyco-site-loss (S->P).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6537686", "ref_nt": "C", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "S210", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs1176982645", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs1176982645" }, { "id": "rs1176982645", "database": "TOPMed", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs1176982645#frequency_tab" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "n-glyco-sequon-loss" ], "start_pos": 239, "end_pos": 239, "sequence_org": "N", "sequence_mut": "D", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: n-glyco-sequon-loss (NVS->DVS).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6537773", "ref_nt": "G", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "N239", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs1373919563", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs1373919563" }, { "id": "rs1373919563", "database": "TOPMed", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs1373919563#frequency_tab" }, { "id": "rs1373919563", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs1373919563" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "n-glyco-sequon-gain", "o-glyco-site-loss" ], "start_pos": 290, "end_pos": 290, "sequence_org": "T", "sequence_mut": "N", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: n-glyco-sequon-gain (THS->NHS).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6537927", "ref_nt": "A", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "T290", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs11549369", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs11549369" }, { "id": "rs11549369", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs11549369" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "n-glyco-sequon-gain" ], "start_pos": 36, "end_pos": 36, "sequence_org": "P", "sequence_mut": "S", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: n-glyco-sequon-gain (NDP->NDS).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6536570", "ref_nt": "T", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "P36", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs767870427", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs767870427" }, { "id": "rs767870427", "database": "ExAC", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs767870427" }, { "id": "rs767870427", "database": "TOPMed", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs767870427#frequency_tab" }, { "id": "rs767870427", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs767870427" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "n-glyco-sequon-gain" ], "start_pos": 72, "end_pos": 72, "sequence_org": "N", "sequence_mut": "S", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: n-glyco-sequon-gain (NGN->NGS).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6536769", "ref_nt": "G", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "N72", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs11549356", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs11549356" }, { "id": "rs11549356", "database": "ExAC", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs11549356" }, { "id": "rs11549356", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs11549356" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "o-glyco-site-loss" ], "start_pos": 83, "end_pos": 83, "sequence_org": "S", "sequence_mut": "C", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: o-glyco-site-loss (S->C).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6536931", "ref_nt": "G", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "S83", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] }, { "evidence": [ { "id": "rs11549356", "database": "dbSNP", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs11549356" }, { "id": "rs11549356", "database": "ExAC", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?type=rs&rs=rs11549356" }, { "id": "rs11549356", "database": "gnomAD", "url": "http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/awesome?query=rs11549356" } ], "glycoeffect": [ "o-glyco-site-loss" ], "start_pos": 83, "end_pos": 83, "sequence_org": "S", "sequence_mut": "F", "comment": "Germline mutation passed 1 out of 1 filters: o-glyco-site-loss (S->F).", "chr_id": "12", "chr_pos": "6536931", "ref_nt": "T", "alt_nt": "null", "minor_allelic_frequency": "", "site_lbl": "S83", "keywords": [ "ebi", "germline" ] } ], "mutagenesis": [ { "start_pos": 105, "end_pos": 105, "sequence_org": "M", "sequence_mut": "L", "comment": "Increased resistance to free radical-induced aggregation.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25086035", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25086035" } ] }, { "start_pos": 152, "end_pos": 152, "sequence_org": "C", "sequence_mut": "S", "comment": "Markedly reduced glycolytic activity; when associated with S-156 and S-247. Forms free radical-induced aggregates, but to a lesser extent than wild-type protein; when associated with S-156 and S-247. Abolished interaction with TRAF2 and TRAF3.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25086035", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25086035" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23332158", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "27387501", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/27387501" } ] }, { "start_pos": 156, "end_pos": 156, "sequence_org": "C", "sequence_mut": "S", "comment": "Markedly reduced glycolytic activity; when associated with S-152 and S-247. Forms free radical-induced aggregates, but to a lesser extent than wild-type protein; when associated with S-156 and S-247.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25086035", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25086035" } ] }, { "start_pos": 196, "end_pos": 196, "sequence_org": "W", "sequence_mut": "F", "comment": "Increased free radical-induced aggregation.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25086035", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25086035" } ] }, { "start_pos": 211, "end_pos": 211, "sequence_org": "T", "sequence_mut": "A", "comment": "Does not affect glycosylation by C.rodentium protein NleB.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23332158", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" } ] }, { "start_pos": 229, "end_pos": 229, "sequence_org": "T", "sequence_mut": "A", "comment": "Does not affect glycosylation by C.rodentium protein NleB.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23332158", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" } ] }, { "start_pos": 241, "end_pos": 241, "sequence_org": "S", "sequence_mut": "A", "comment": "Does not affect glycosylation by C.rodentium protein NleB.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23332158", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" } ] }, { "start_pos": 245, "end_pos": 245, "sequence_org": "L", "sequence_mut": "M", "comment": "Inhibits S-nitrosylation of Cys-247; when associated with M-250.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25417112", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25417112" } ] }, { "start_pos": 246, "end_pos": 246, "sequence_org": "T", "sequence_mut": "A", "comment": "Does not affect glycosylation by C.rodentium protein NleB.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23332158", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" } ] }, { "start_pos": 247, "end_pos": 247, "sequence_org": "C", "sequence_mut": "S", "comment": "Markedly reduced glycolytic activity; when associated with S-152 and S-156. Forms free radical-induced aggregates, but to a lesser extent than wild-type protein; when associated with S-156 and S-247.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25086035", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25086035" } ] }, { "start_pos": 250, "end_pos": 250, "sequence_org": "E", "sequence_mut": "M", "comment": "Inhibits S-nitrosylation of Cys-247; when associated with M-245.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25417112", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25417112" } ] }, { "start_pos": 277, "end_pos": 277, "sequence_org": "T", "sequence_mut": "A", "comment": "Does not affect glycosylation by C.rodentium protein NleB.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23332158", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" } ] }, { "start_pos": 320, "end_pos": 320, "sequence_org": "Y", "sequence_mut": "F", "comment": "No effect on free radical-induced aggregation.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25086035", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25086035" } ] }, { "start_pos": 46, "end_pos": 46, "sequence_org": "M", "sequence_mut": "L", "comment": "Drastic reduction of the extent and significant prolongation of the lag phase of free radical-induced aggregation.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25086035", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25086035" } ] } ], "expression_tissue": [ { "tissue": { "name": "Adult mammalian kidney", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000082", "url": 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"database": "Bgee", "id": "ENSG00000111640", "url": "https://bgee.org/?page=gene&gene_id=ENSG00000111640" } ] }, { "tissue": { "name": "Esophagus", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0001043", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001043" }, "score": "99.86", "present": "HIGH", "evidence": [ { "database": "Bgee", "id": "ENSG00000111640", "url": "https://bgee.org/?page=gene&gene_id=ENSG00000111640" } ] }, { "tissue": { "name": "Rectum", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0001052", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001052" }, "score": "99.86", "present": "HIGH", "evidence": [ { "database": "Bgee", "id": "ENSG00000111640", "url": "https://bgee.org/?page=gene&gene_id=ENSG00000111640" } ] }, { "tissue": { "name": "Colon", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0001155", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155" }, "score": "99.98", "present": "HIGH", "evidence": [ { "database": "Bgee", "id": "ENSG00000111640", "url": "https://bgee.org/?page=gene&gene_id=ENSG00000111640" } ] }, { "tissue": { "name": "Urinary bladder", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0001255", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001255" }, "score": "99.86", "present": "HIGH", "evidence": [ { "database": "Bgee", "id": "ENSG00000111640", "url": "https://bgee.org/?page=gene&gene_id=ENSG00000111640" } ] }, { "tissue": { "name": "Thyroid gland", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0002046", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002046" }, "score": "99.81", "present": "HIGH", "evidence": [ { "database": "Bgee", "id": "ENSG00000111640", "url": "https://bgee.org/?page=gene&gene_id=ENSG00000111640" } ] }, { "tissue": { "name": "Lung", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0002048", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048" }, "score": "99.55", "present": "HIGH", "evidence": [ { "database": "Bgee", "id": "ENSG00000111640", "url": "https://bgee.org/?page=gene&gene_id=ENSG00000111640" } ] }, { "tissue": { "name": "Liver", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0002107", "url": 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"https://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/bioxpress/transcriptview/P04406" } ], "disease": [ { "disease_id": "DOID:263", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:263", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:263", "name": "kidney cancer", "description": "A urinary system cancer that is located_in the kidney." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:263", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:263", "name": "malignant neoplasm of kidney except pelvis", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:263", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:263", "name": "malignant tumour of kidney", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:263", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:263", "name": "renal cancer", "description": "" } ] } ] }, { "significant": "Yes", "trend": "up", "name": "Liver cancer [DO disease name]", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "evidence": [ { "database": "BioXpress", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/bioxpress/transcriptview/P04406" } ], "disease": [ { "disease_id": "DOID:3571", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "liver cancer", "description": "A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "Ca liver - primary", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "Resectable malignant neoplasm of Liver", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "hepatic cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", 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"start_pos": 6538167, "end_pos": 6534833, "strand": "-", "evidence": [ { "database": "Ensembl Transcript", "id": "ENST00000229239.10", "url": "https://www.ensembl.org/id/ENST00000229239.10" }, { "database": "Ensembl Peptide", "id": "ENSP00000229239.5", "url": "https://www.ensembl.org/id/ENSP00000229239.5" } ] } }, { "isoform_ac": "P04406-2", "url": "", "sequence": { "sequence": "MVYMFQYDSTHGKFHGTVKAENGKLVINGNPITIFQERDPSKIKWGDAGAEYVVESTGVFTTMEKAGAHLQGGAKRVIISAPSADAPMFVMGVNHEKYDNSLKIISNASCTTNCLAPLAKVIHDNFGIVEGLMTTVHAITATQKTVDGPSGKLWRDGRGALQNIIPASTGAAKAVGKVIPELNGKLTGMAFRVPTANVSVVDLTCRLEKPAKYDDIKKVVKQASEGPLKGILGYTEHQVVSSDFNSDTHSSTFDAGAGIALNDHFVKLISWYDNEFGYSNRVVDLMAHMASKE", "length": 293, "header": "sp|P04406-2|G3P_HUMAN Isoform 2 of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=GAPDH PE=1 SV=3 CANONICAL=P04406-1" }, "locus": { "chromosome": "12", "start_pos": 6538167, "end_pos": 6536591, "strand": "-", "evidence": [ { "database": "Ensembl Transcript", "id": "ENST00000396858.5", "url": "https://www.ensembl.org/id/ENST00000396858.5" }, { "database": "Ensembl Peptide", "id": "ENSP00000380067.1", "url": "https://www.ensembl.org/id/ENSP00000380067.1" } ] } } ], "glycosylation": [ { "glytoucan_ac": "G06356OH", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 149, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 149, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn149", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G11629QQ", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 149, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 149, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn149", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G48414YA", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 149, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 149, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn149", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G56784JY", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 149, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 149, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn149", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G57888GL", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 149, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 149, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn149", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G49108TO", "type": "O-linked", "subtype": "O-GlcNAcylation", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "S", "relation": "attached", "comment": "O-GlcNAcylation", "start_pos": 210, "start_aa": "Ser", "end_pos": 210, "end_aa": "Ser", "residue": "Ser", "site_lbl": "Ser210", "evidence": [ { "id": "P04406", "database": "O-GlcNAc Database", "url": "https://www.oglcnac.mcw.edu/search/?query_protein=P04406" }, { "id": "30444036", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30444036" }, { "id": "35138101", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/35138101" }, { "id": "37217939", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/37217939" }, { "id": "29351928", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29351928" }, { "id": "16408927", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16408927" }, { "id": "34725712", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/34725712" }, { "id": "32119511", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32119511" }, { "id": "21300897", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/21300897" }, { "id": "30397120", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30397120" }, { "id": "34931806", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/34931806" }, { "id": "20305658", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20305658" }, { "id": "28657654", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/28657654" }, { "id": "33214551", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/33214551" }, { "id": "23332158", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" }, { "id": "24126823", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24126823" }, { "id": "30379171", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30379171" }, { "id": "26374642", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/26374642" }, { "id": "18369606", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/18369606" }, { "id": "21740066", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/21740066" }, { "id": "35254053", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/35254053" }, { "id": "23576270", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23576270" }, { "id": "34019948", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/34019948" }, { "id": "35083852", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/35083852" }, { "id": "18984734", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/18984734" }, { "id": "28510447", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/28510447" }, { "id": "P04406", "database": "O-GlcNAc Atlas", "url": "https://oglcnac.org/atlas/detail/P04406" }, { "id": "31373491", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31373491" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G06356OH", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 239, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 239, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn239", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G22310AV", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 239, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 239, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn239", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G48414YA", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 239, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 239, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn239", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G57888GL", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 239, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 239, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn239", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G84452RH", "type": "N-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "N", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 239, "start_aa": "Asn", "end_pos": 239, "end_aa": "Asn", "residue": "Asn", "site_lbl": "Asn239", "evidence": [ { "id": "1941", "database": "GlyConnect", "url": "https://glyconnect.expasy.org/browser/proteins/1941" }, { "id": "29391424", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29391424" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G49108TO", "type": "O-linked", "subtype": "O-GlcNAcylation", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "S", "relation": "attached", "comment": "O-GlcNAcylation", "start_pos": 83, "start_aa": "Ser", "end_pos": 83, "end_aa": "Ser", "residue": "Ser", "site_lbl": "Ser83", "evidence": [ { "id": "P04406", "database": "O-GlcNAc Database", "url": "https://www.oglcnac.mcw.edu/search/?query_protein=P04406" }, { "id": "30444036", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30444036" }, { "id": "35138101", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/35138101" }, { "id": "37217939", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/37217939" }, { "id": "29351928", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29351928" }, { "id": "16408927", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16408927" }, { "id": "34725712", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/34725712" }, { "id": "32119511", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32119511" }, { "id": "21300897", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/21300897" }, { "id": "30397120", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30397120" }, { "id": "34931806", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/34931806" }, { "id": "20305658", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20305658" }, { "id": "28657654", "database": 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"database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/34019948" }, { "id": "35083852", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/35083852" }, { "id": "18984734", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/18984734" }, { "id": "28510447", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/28510447" }, { "id": "P04406", "database": "O-GlcNAc Atlas", "url": "https://oglcnac.org/atlas/detail/P04406" } ] }, { "glytoucan_ac": "G70994MS", "type": "O-linked", "subtype": "", "site_category": "reported_with_glycan", "site_seq": "S", "relation": "attached", "comment": "", "start_pos": 83, "start_aa": "Ser", "end_pos": 83, "end_aa": "Ser", "residue": "Ser", "site_lbl": "Ser83", "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000142", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000142" }, { "id": "29351928", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29351928" } ] } ], "phosphorylation": [ { 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Commun.", "date": "2000", "authors": "Ye Z, Connor JR", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "10944468", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/10944468" } ] }, { "title": "The crystal structure of human phosphoglucose isomerase at 1.6 A resolution: implications for catalytic mechanism, cytokine activity and haemolytic anaemia.", "journal": "Journal of molecular biology", "date": "2001", "authors": "Read J, Pearce J, Li X, Muirhead H, Chirgwin J, Davies C", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70171", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70171" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "11371164", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/11371164" } ] }, { "title": "Beta-enolase deficiency, a new metabolic myopathy of distal glycolysis.", "journal": "Annals of neurology", "date": "2001", "authors": "Comi GP, Fortunato F, Lucchiari S, Bordoni A, Prelle A, Jann S, Keller A, Ciscato P, Galbiati S, Chiveri L, Torrente Y, Scarlato G, Bresolin N", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70263", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70263" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "11506403", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/11506403" } ] }, { "title": "Citrin and aralar1 are Ca(2+)-stimulated aspartate/glutamate transporters in mitochondria.", "journal": "The EMBO journal", "date": "2001", "authors": "Palmieri L, Pardo B, Lasorsa FM, del Arco A, Kobayashi K, Iijima M, Runswick MJ, Walker JE, Saheki T, Satrustegui J, Palmieri F", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70263", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70263" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "11566871", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/11566871" } ] }, { "title": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is phosphorylated by protein kinase Ciota /lambda and plays a role in microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway.", "journal": "The Journal of biological chemistry", "date": "2002-02-01", "authors": "Tisdale Ellen J", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "11724794", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/11724794" } ] }, { "title": "GLUT2 in pancreatic and extra-pancreatic gluco-detection (review).", "journal": "Molecular membrane biology", "date": "2001", "authors": "Thorens B", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70171", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70171" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "11780755", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/11780755" } ] }, { "title": "Crystal structure of human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reveals a new GTP-binding site.", "journal": "Journal of molecular biology", "date": "2002", "authors": "Dunten P, Belunis C, Crowther R, Hollfelder K, Kammlott U, Levin W, Michel H, Ramsey GB, Swain A, Weber D, Wertheimer SJ", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70263", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70263" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "11851336", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/11851336" } ] }, { "title": "The covalent structure of glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase from human muscles. 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glucose and glucose-6-phosphate.", "journal": "Structure (London, England : 1993)", "date": "1998", "authors": "Aleshin AE, Zeng C, Bourenkov GP, Bartunik HD, Fromm HJ, Honzatko RB", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70171", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70171" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "9493266", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/9493266" } ] }, { "title": "Twinning in crystals of human skeletal muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.", "journal": "J. Mol. Biol.", "date": "1976", "authors": "Mercer W D, Winn S I, Watson H C", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "957435", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/957435" } ] }, { "title": "Human mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 gene. Structure, chromosomal localization and tissue-specific expression.", "journal": "The Biochemical journal", "date": "1998", "authors": "Modaressi S, Brechtel K, Christ B, Jungermann K", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70263", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70263" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "9657976", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/9657976" } ] }, { "title": "Isolation and characterization of an allelic cDNA for human muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.", "journal": "Gene", "date": "1998", "authors": "Tillmann H, Eschrich K", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70263", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70263" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "9678974", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/9678974" } ] }, { "title": "A gene on chromosome 11q23 coding for a putative glucose- 6-phosphate translocase is mutated in glycogen-storage disease types Ib and Ic.", "journal": "American journal of human genetics", "date": "1998", "authors": "Veiga-da-Cunha M, Gerin I, Chen YT, de Barsy T, de Lonlay P, Dionisi-Vici C, Fenske CD, Lee PJ, Leonard JV, Maire I, McConkie-Rosell A, Schweitzer S, Vikkula M, Van Schaftingen E", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70263", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70263" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "9758626", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/9758626" } ] }, { "title": "Aggregation states of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase.", "journal": "Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society", "date": "1998", "authors": "Sanchez SA, Hazlett TL, Brunet JE, Jameson DM", "evidence": [ { "database": "Reactome", "id": "R-HSA-70263", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70263" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "9792106", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/9792106" } ] } ], "pathway": [ { "id": "hsa:2597", "name": "", "url": "https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_linkdb?-t+pathway+hsa:2597", "resource": "KEGG Pathway" }, { "id": "R-HSA-70171", "name": "Glycolysis", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70171", "resource": "Reactome", "description": "Glycolysis" }, { "id": "R-HSA-70263", "name": "Gluconeogenesis", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70263", "resource": "Reactome", "description": "Gluconeogenesis" } ], "orthologs": [ { "uniprot_canonical_ac": "P00355-1", "protein_name": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase", "gene_name": "GAPDH", "tax_id": 9823, "organism": "Sus scrofa", "sequence": { "sequence": "MVKVGVNGFGRIGRLVTRAAFNSGKVDIVAINDPFIDLHYMVYMFQYDSTHGKFHGTVKAENGKLVINGKAITIFQERDPANIKWGDAGATYVVESTGVFTTMEKAGAHLKGGAKRVIISAPSADAPMFVMGVNHEKYDNSLKIVSNASCTTNCLAPLAKVIHDHFGIVEGLMTTVHAITATQKTVDGPSGKLWRDGRGAAQNIIPASTGAAKAVGKVIPELNGKLTGMAFRVPTPNVSVVDLTCRLEKPAKYDDIKKVVKQASEGPLKGILGYTEDQVVSCDFNSDTHSSTFDAGAGIALNDHFVKLISWYDNEFGYSNRVVDLMVHMASKE", "length": 333 }, "evidence": [ { "id": "P04406", "url": "https://omabrowser.org/oma/group/P04406/", "database": "OMA" } ], "common_name": "Pig" }, { "uniprot_canonical_ac": "P00359-1", "protein_name": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3", "gene_name": "TDH3", "tax_id": 559292, "organism": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C", "sequence": { "sequence": "MVRVAINGFGRIGRLVMRIALSRPNVEVVALNDPFITNDYAAYMFKYDSTHGRYAGEVSHDDKHIIVDGKKIATYQERDPANLPWGSSNVDIAIDSTGVFKELDTAQKHIDAGAKKVVITAPSSTAPMFVMGVNEEKYTSDLKIVSNASCTTNCLAPLAKVINDAFGIEEGLMTTVHSLTATQKTVDGPSHKDWRGGRTASGNIIPSSTGAAKAVGKVLPELQGKLTGMAFRVPTVDVSVVDLTVKLNKETTYDEIKKVVKAAAEGKLKGVLGYTEDAVVSSDFLGDSHSSIFDASAGIQLSPKFVKLVSWYDNEYGYSTRVVDLVEHVAKA", "length": 332 }, "evidence": [ { "id": "P04406", "url": "https://omabrowser.org/oma/group/P04406/", "database": "OMA" } ], "common_name": "Yeast" }, { "uniprot_canonical_ac": "P04797-1", "protein_name": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase", "gene_name": "Gapdh", "tax_id": 10116, "organism": "Rattus 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"MSKIGINGFGRIGRLVLRAAIDKGANVVAVNDPFIDVNYMVYLFKFDSTHGRFKGTVAAEGGFLVVNGQKITVFSERDPANINWASAGAEYIVESTGVFTTIDKASTHLKGGAKKVIISAPSADAPMFVCGVNLDAYKPDMKVVSNASCTTNCLAPLAKVINDNFEIVEGLMTTVHATTATQKTVDGPSGKLWRDGRGAAQNIIPASTGAAKAVGKVIPALNGKLTGMAFRVPTPNVSVVDLTVRLGKGASYDEIKAKVQEAANGPLKGILGYTDEEVVSTDFLSDTHSSVFDAKAGISLNDKFVKLISWYDNEFGYSNRVIDLIKYMQSKD", "length": 332 }, "evidence": [ { "id": "P04406", "url": "https://omabrowser.org/oma/group/P04406/", "database": "OMA" } ], "common_name": "Fruit fly" }, { "uniprot_canonical_ac": "P16858-1", "protein_name": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase", "gene_name": "Gapdh", "tax_id": 10090, "organism": "Mus musculus", "sequence": { "sequence": "MVKVGVNGFGRIGRLVTRAAICSGKVEIVAINDPFIDLNYMVYMFQYDSTHGKFNGTVKAENGKLVINGKPITIFQERDPTNIKWGEAGAEYVVESTGVFTTMEKAGAHLKGGAKRVIISAPSADAPMFVMGVNHEKYDNSLKIVSNASCTTNCLAPLAKVIHDNFGIVEGLMTTVHAITATQKTVDGPSGKLWRDGRGAAQNIIPASTGAAKAVGKVIPELNGKLTGMAFRVPTPNVSVVDLTCRLEKPAKYDDIKKVVKQASEGPLKGILGYTEDQVVSCDFNSNSHSSTFDAGAGIALNDNFVKLISWYDNEYGYSNRVVDLMAYMASKE", "length": 333 }, "evidence": [ { "id": "45928096", "url": "http://www.informatics.jax.org/homology/45928096", "database": "MGI" }, { "id": "P04406", "url": "https://omabrowser.org/oma/group/P04406/", "database": "OMA" } ], "common_name": "Mouse" } ], "go_annotation": { "categories": [ { "name": "Cellular Component", "total": 14, "go_terms": [ { "name": "nucleus", "id": "GO:0005634", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005634", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "cytoplasm", "id": "GO:0005737", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005737", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "lipid droplet", "id": "GO:0005811", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005811", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "cytosol", "id": "GO:0005829", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005829", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "plasma membrane", "id": "GO:0005886", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005886", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "membrane", "id": "GO:0016020", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016020", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "nuclear membrane", "id": "GO:0031965", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031965", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "intracellular membrane-bounded organelle", "id": "GO:0043231", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043231", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "perinuclear region of cytoplasm", "id": "GO:0048471", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0048471", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "extracellular exosome", "id": "GO:0070062", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070062", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "microtubule cytoskeleton", "id": "GO:0015630", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0015630", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "vesicle", "id": "GO:0031982", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031982", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "ribonucleoprotein complex", "id": "GO:1990904", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1990904", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "GAIT complex", "id": "GO:0097452", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0097452", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" } ] }, { "name": "Molecular Function", "total": 9, "go_terms": [ { "name": "microtubule binding", "id": "GO:0008017", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008017", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "identical protein binding", "id": "GO:0042802", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042802", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "NAD binding", "id": "GO:0051287", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051287", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "disordered domain specific binding", "id": "GO:0097718", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0097718", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity", "id": "GO:0004365", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004365", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity", "id": "GO:0019828", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019828", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity", "id": "GO:0035605", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0035605", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "NADP binding", "id": "GO:0050661", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050661", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor", "id": "GO:0016620", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016620", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" } ] }, { "name": "Biological Process", "total": 17, "go_terms": [ { "name": "neuron apoptotic process", "id": "GO:0051402", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051402", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide", "id": "GO:0061844", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0061844", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "regulation of macroautophagy", "id": "GO:0016241", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016241", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "positive regulation of cytokine production", "id": "GO:0001819", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001819", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction", "id": "GO:0043123", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043123", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "protein stabilization", "id": "GO:0050821", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050821", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "glucose metabolic process", "id": "GO:0006006", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006006", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "negative regulation of translation", "id": "GO:0017148", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0017148", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "microtubule cytoskeleton organization", "id": "GO:0000226", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000226", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "glycolytic process", "id": "GO:0006096", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006096", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "killing of cells of another organism", "id": "GO:0031640", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031640", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "cellular response to type II interferon", "id": "GO:0071346", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0071346", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "negative regulation of endopeptidase activity", "id": "GO:0010951", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010951", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "killing by host of symbiont cells", "id": "GO:0051873", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051873", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "positive regulation of type I interferon production", "id": "GO:0032481", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032481", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "defense response to fungus", "id": "GO:0050832", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050832", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" }, { "name": "peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation", "id": "GO:0035606", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0035606", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ], "pmid": "" } ] } ] }, "pro_annotation": [], "site_annotation": [ { "start_pos": 149, "end_pos": 151, "annotation": "n_glycosylation_sequon" }, { "start_pos": 239, "end_pos": 241, "annotation": "n_glycosylation_sequon" } ], "ptm_annotation": [ { "annotation": "(Microbial infection) Glycosylated by C.rodentium protein NleB, enteropathogenic E.coli protein NleB1 and S.typhimurium protein Ssek1: arginine GlcNAcylation prevents the interaction with TRAF2 and TRAF3 (PubMed:23332158, PubMed:27387501, PubMed:28522607). This leads to reduced ubiquitination of TRAF2 and TRAF3, and subsequent inhibition of NF-kappa-B signaling and type I interferon production, respectively (PubMed:23332158, PubMed:27387501).", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "28522607", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/28522607" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "23332158", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/23332158" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "27387501", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/27387501" } ] }, { "annotation": "ISGylated.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "16815975", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16815975" } ] }, { "annotation": "Oxidative stress can promote the formation of high molecular weight disulfide-linked GAPDH aggregates, through a process called nucleocytoplasmic coagulation. Such aggregates can be observed in vivo in the affected tissues of patients with Alzheimer disease or alcoholic liver cirrhosis, or in cell cultures during necrosis. Oxidation at Met-46 may play a pivotal role in the formation of these insoluble structures. This modification has been detected in vitro following treatment with free radical donor (+/-)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide. It has been proposed to destabilize nearby residues, increasing the likelihood of secondary oxidative damages, including oxidation of Tyr-45 and Met-105. This cascade of oxidations may augment GAPDH misfolding, leading to intermolecular disulfide cross-linking and aggregation.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25086035", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25086035" } ] }, { "annotation": "S-nitrosylation of Cys-152 leads to interaction with SIAH1, followed by translocation to the nucleus (By similarity). S-nitrosylation of Cys-247 is induced by interferon-gamma and LDL(ox) implicating the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex and seems to prevent interaction with phosphorylated RPL13A and to interfere with GAIT complex activity (PubMed:22771119, PubMed:25417112).", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04406", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "22771119", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/22771119" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "25417112", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25417112" } ] } ], "interactions": [], "reactions": [ { "id": "10300", "name": "", "equation": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH", "summary": "", "cellular_location": "", "input_participant_list": [], "output_participant_list": [], "enzyme_list": [ "A0A0G2K3I6-1", "D3ZME3-1", "P04797-1", "F1LUV3-1", "F1M269-1", "F1LUI2-1", "Q9ESV6-1", "A0A0G2K7M1-1", "E9PTV9-1", "E9PTN6-1", "M0R660-1", "D3ZWV2-1", "A0A8I6AD02-1", "A0A8I6ALG5-1", "A0A8I6A1X7-1", "A0A8I6AAX6-1", "A0A8I5ZWK4-1", "A0A8I6B4A1-1", "O14556-1", "P04406-1", "P16858-1", "Q64467-1", "A0A1D5RLD8-1", "S4R1W1-1", "P00358-1", "P00359-1", "P00360-1", "Q94469-1", "P07486-1", "P07487-1", "Q7JY07-1" ], "evidence": [ { "id": "10300", "database": "Rhea", "url": "https://www.rhea-db.org/rhea/10300" } ] }, { "id": "66684", "name": "", "equation": "L-cysteinyl-[protein] + S-nitroso-L-cysteinyl-[GAPDH] = L-cysteinyl-[GAPDH] + S-nitroso-L-cysteinyl-[protein]", "summary": "", "cellular_location": "", "input_participant_list": [], "output_participant_list": [], "enzyme_list": [ "A0A0G2K7M1-1", "A0A0G2K3I6-1", "D3ZME3-1", "E9PTV9-1", "F1LUV3-1", "E9PTN6-1", "M0R660-1", "F1M269-1", "F1LUI2-1", "D3ZWV2-1", "P04797-1", "A0A8I6AD02-1", "A0A8I6AAX6-1", "A0A8I5ZWK4-1", "A0A8I6B4A1-1", "P04406-1", "P16858-1", "A0A1D5RLD8-1", "S4R1W1-1" ], "evidence": [ { "id": "66684", "database": "Rhea", "url": "https://www.rhea-db.org/rhea/66684" } ] }, { "id": "R-HSA-70449", "name": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + orthophosphate + NAD+ <=> 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+", "equation": "", "summary": "Cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, orthophosphate, and NAD+ to form NADH + H+ and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, the first energy rich intermediate of glycolysis. The biochemical details of this reaction were worked out by C and G Cori and their colleagues (Taylor et al. 1948; Cori et al. 1948).

While there are multiple human glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like pseudogenes, there is only one glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene expressed in somatic tissue (Benham and Povey 1989; Heinz and Freimuller 1982; Ercolani et al. 1988), and studies of aged human erythrocytes suggest that variant forms of the enzyme arise as a result of post-translational modifications (Edwards et al. 1976). There is, however, an authentic second isoform of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase whose expression is confined to spermatogenic cells of the testis (Welch et al. 2000).", "cellular_location": "cytosol", "input_participant_list": [ "R-ALL-29360", "R-ALL-29578" ], "output_participant_list": [], "enzyme_list": [ "P04406-1", "O14556-1" ], "evidence": [ { "id": "R-HSA-70449", "database": "Reactome", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70449" } ] }, { "id": "R-HSA-70482", "name": "GAPDH tetramers reduce 1,3BPG to GA3P", "equation": "", "summary": "The reversible reduction of 1,3BPG (1,3-bisphosphoglycerate) to form G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is catalyzed by cytosolic GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) tetramer.

There are multiple human GAPDH-like pseudogenes, but only one GAPDH gene expressed in somatic tissue (Benham and Povey 1989). Consistent with this conclusion, the homogeneous enzymes purified from various human tissues had indistinguishable physical and immunochemical properties (Heinz and Freimuller 1982), and studies of human erythrocytes of various ages suggested that variant forms of the enzyme arise as a result of post-translational modifications (Edwards et al. 1976). There is, however, an authentic second isoform of GAPDH whose expression is confined to spermatogenic cells of the testis (Welch et al. 2000).", "cellular_location": "cytosol", "input_participant_list": [], "output_participant_list": [], "enzyme_list": [ "P04406-1", "O14556-1" ], "evidence": [ { "id": "R-HSA-70482", "database": "Reactome", "url": "https://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#R-HSA-70482" } ] } ], "reaction_participants": [ { "participant_id": "R-ALL-29360", "participant_name": "NAD+ [cytosol]", "crossref": [ { "id": "C00003", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "57540", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000008214766", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00003", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "57540", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000008214766", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00003", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "57540", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000008214766", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00003", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "57540", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000008214766", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00003", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "57540", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000008214766", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00003", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "57540", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000008214766", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00003", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "57540", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000008214766", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" } ] }, { "participant_id": "R-ALL-29578", "participant_name": "GA3P [cytosol]", "crossref": [ { "id": "C00118", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "59776", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000003869936", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00118", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "59776", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000003869936", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00118", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "59776", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000003869936", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00118", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "59776", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000003869936", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00118", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "59776", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000003869936", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "59776", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00118", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "000003869936", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" }, { "id": "C00118", "database": "COMPOUND", "url": "" }, { "id": "59776", "database": "ChEBI", "url": "" }, { "id": "000003869936", "database": "ZINC", "url": "" } ] } ], "reaction_enzymes": [ { "uniprot_ac": "A0A0G2K3I6", "gene_name": "LOC108349792", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A0G2K3I6", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A0G2K3I6" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A0G2K3I6", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A0G2K3I6" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "A0A0G2K7M1", "gene_name": "AABR07030729.1", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A0G2K7M1", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A0G2K7M1" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A0G2K7M1", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A0G2K7M1" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "A0A1D5RLD8", "gene_name": "Gapdhrt2", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A1D5RLD8", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A1D5RLD8" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A1D5RLD8", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A1D5RLD8" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "A0A8I5ZWK4", "gene_name": "ENSRNOG00000068856", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I5ZWK4", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I5ZWK4" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I5ZWK4", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I5ZWK4" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "A0A8I6A1X7", "gene_name": "AABR07038881.1", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6A1X7", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6A1X7" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6A1X7", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6A1X7" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "A0A8I6AAX6", "gene_name": "Gapdh-ps1", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6AAX6", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6AAX6" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6AAX6", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6AAX6" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "A0A8I6AD02", "gene_name": "ENSRNOG00000069655", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6AD02", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6AD02" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6AD02", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6AD02" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "A0A8I6ALG5", "gene_name": "ENSRNOG00000068905", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6ALG5", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6ALG5" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6ALG5", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6ALG5" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "A0A8I6B4A1", "gene_name": "ENSRNOG00000065234", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6B4A1", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6B4A1" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "A0A8I6B4A1", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A8I6B4A1" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "D3ZME3", "gene_name": "Gapdh-ps17", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "D3ZME3", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/D3ZME3" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "D3ZME3", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/D3ZME3" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "D3ZWV2", "gene_name": "ENSRNOG00000066288", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "D3ZWV2", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/D3ZWV2" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "D3ZWV2", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/D3ZWV2" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "E9PTN6", "gene_name": "LOC108352348", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "E9PTN6", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/E9PTN6" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "E9PTN6", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/E9PTN6" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "E9PTV9", "gene_name": "AABR07032392.1", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "E9PTV9", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/E9PTV9" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "E9PTV9", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/E9PTV9" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "F1LUI2", "gene_name": "AABR07013086.1", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "F1LUI2", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/F1LUI2" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "F1LUI2", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/F1LUI2" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "F1LUV3", "gene_name": 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"activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "M0R660", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/M0R660" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "M0R660", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/M0R660" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "O14556", "gene_name": "GAPDHS", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "O14556", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14556" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "O14556", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14556" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "P00358", "gene_name": "TDH2", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "P00358", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00358" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "P00358", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00358" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "P00359", "gene_name": "TDH3", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "P00359", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00359" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "P00359", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00359" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "P00360", "gene_name": "TDH1", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "P00360", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00360" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "P00360", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00360" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": "P04406", "gene_name": "GAPDH", "activity": [ { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.", "evidence": [ { "id": "P04406", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ] }, { "ec_number": "1.2.1.12", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "P04406", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ] }, { "ec_number": "2.6.99.-", "activity": "", "evidence": [ { "id": "P04406", "database": "UniProtKB", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04406" } ] } ] }, { "uniprot_ac": 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