{
    "assessed_biomarker_entity": "Mucin-16 (MUC16)",
    "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
    "components": {
        "protein": [
            {
                "accession": "Q8WXI7-1",
                "name": "Mucin-16",
                "evidence": [
                    {
                        "id": "GLY_000625",
                        "database": "GlyGen",
                        "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "29958235",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29958235"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "32347972",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "32347972",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "32347972",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "32347972",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "32347972",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972"
                    }
                ]
            }
        ],
        "glycan": []
    },
    "instances": [
        {
            "best_biomarker_type": "predictive",
            "status": "increased MUC16 level",
            "notes": "",
            "literature_evidence": "The median levels of CA-125 were 9 to 14 times higher for each parameter that demonstrated extrauterine metastasis (all with P < 0.001). Levels of CA-125 were significantly associated with positive cytology (P < 0.0001), omental disease (P < 0.0001), pelvic or para-aortic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), and adnexal involvement (P < 0.0001). [PMID:29958235]",
            "loinc_code": "10334-1",
            "tissue": {
                "name": "uterus",
                "namespace": "UBERON",
                "id": "0000995",
                "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000995"
            },
            "disease": {
                "disease_id": "DOID:363",
                "recommended_name": {
                    "id": "DOID:363",
                    "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                    "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:363",
                    "name": "uterine cancer",
                    "description": "A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the uterus."
                },
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:363",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:363",
                        "name": "CA - cancer of uterus",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:363",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:363",
                        "name": "Tumour of uterus",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:363",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:363",
                        "name": "malignant neoplasm of uterus",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:363",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:363",
                        "name": "malignant uterine tumor",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:363",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:363",
                        "name": "neoplasm of uterus",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:363",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:363",
                        "name": "uterine tumor",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:363",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:363",
                        "name": "uterus neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    }
                ]
            },
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000625",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                },
                {
                    "id": "29958235",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29958235"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "best_biomarker_type": "monitoring",
            "status": "increased MUC16 level",
            "notes": "Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well.",
            "literature_evidence": "Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. [PMID:32347972] Additional cancer biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) increased significantly in many critical cases. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854]",
            "loinc_code": "10334-1",
            "tissue": {
                "name": "blood",
                "namespace": "UBERON",
                "id": "0000178",
                "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"
            },
            "disease": {
                "disease_id": "DOID:0080600",
                "recommended_name": {
                    "id": "DOID:0080600",
                    "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                    "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                    "name": "COVID-19",
                    "description": "A Coronavirus infection that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in SARS-CoV-2."
                },
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "Wuhan coronavirus infection",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "COVID19",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection",
                        "description": ""
                    }
                ]
            },
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000625",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                },
                {
                    "id": "32347972",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972"
                },
                {
                    "id": "10.2139/ssrn.3552854",
                    "database": "DOI",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/DOI/10.2139/ssrn.3552854"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic",
            "status": "increased MUC16 level",
            "notes": "Increased CA125 level. Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well",
            "literature_evidence": "This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]",
            "loinc_code": "10334-1",
            "tissue": {
                "name": "blood",
                "namespace": "UBERON",
                "id": "0000178",
                "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"
            },
            "disease": {
                "disease_id": "DOID:1324",
                "recommended_name": {
                    "id": "DOID:1324",
                    "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                    "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1324",
                    "name": "lung cancer",
                    "description": "A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the lung."
                },
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012159",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 1",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012159",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159",
                        "name": "LNCR1",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012159",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012159",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 1",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012942",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 3",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012942",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942",
                        "name": "LNCR3",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012942",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 3",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012942",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942",
                        "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, susceptibility to",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012955",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 4",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012955",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955",
                        "name": "LNCR4",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0012955",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 4",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0013631",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 5",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0013631",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631",
                        "name": "LNCR5",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0013631",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631",
                        "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 5",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "lung cancer",
                        "description": "A malignant neoplasm involving the lung."
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, somatic",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "cancer of lung",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "lung cancer",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "lung cancer, protection against, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "lung cancer, resistance to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "lung cancer, somatic",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "lung cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant lung neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant lung tumor",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant lung tumour",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant neoplasm of lung",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant neoplasm of the lung",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant tumor of lung",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant tumor of the lung",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant tumour of lung",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "malignant tumour of the lung",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, somatic",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "Nonsmall cell lung cancer",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "alveolar cell carcinoma",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "lung cancer, protection against",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008903",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903",
                        "name": "lung neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MIM:211980",
                        "resource": "MIM",
                        "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/211980",
                        "name": "Lung cancer",
                        "description": "Lung cancer"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000625",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                },
                {
                    "id": "32347972",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic",
            "status": "increased MUC16 level",
            "notes": "Increased CA125 level. Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well",
            "literature_evidence": "This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]",
            "loinc_code": "10334-1",
            "tissue": {
                "name": "blood",
                "namespace": "UBERON",
                "id": "0000178",
                "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"
            },
            "disease": {
                "disease_id": "DOID:2394",
                "recommended_name": {
                    "id": "DOID:2394",
                    "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                    "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:2394",
                    "name": "ovarian cancer",
                    "description": "A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary."
                },
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:2394",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:2394",
                        "name": "malignant Ovarian tumor",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:2394",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:2394",
                        "name": "malignant tumour of ovary",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:2394",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:2394",
                        "name": "ovarian neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:2394",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:2394",
                        "name": "ovary neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:2394",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:2394",
                        "name": "primary ovarian cancer",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:2394",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:2394",
                        "name": "tumor of the Ovary",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0011931",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011931",
                        "name": "ovarian cancer, susceptibility to, 1",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0011931",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011931",
                        "name": "OVCAS1",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0011931",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011931",
                        "name": "ovarian cancer, susceptibility to",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0011931",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011931",
                        "name": "ovarian cancer, susceptibility to, 1",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008170",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008170",
                        "name": "ovarian cancer",
                        "description": "A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the ovary. Most primary malignant ovarian neoplasms are either carcinomas (serous, mucinous, or endometrioid adenocarcinomas) or malignant germ cell tumors. Metastatic malignant neoplasms to the ovary include carcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas."
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008170",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008170",
                        "name": "ovarian neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008170",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008170",
                        "name": "ovary neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008170",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008170",
                        "name": "tumor of the ovary",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008170",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008170",
                        "name": "tumour of the ovary",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008170",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008170",
                        "name": "cancer of ovary",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008170",
                        "resource": "MONDO",
                        "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008170",
                        "name": "cancer of the ovary",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "MONDO:0008170",
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