{ "uniprot_canonical_ac": "P04094-1", "uniprot_ac": "P04094", "uniprot_id": "PENK_RAT", "mass": { "chemical_mass": 30932.0, "monoisotopic_mass": 30932.0 }, "refseq": { "ac": "NP_058835", "name": "proenkephalin-A precursor", "summary": "", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" }, "gene_names": [ { "name": "Penk", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "recommended", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094", "id": "P04094" }, { "name": "Enk; Penk-rs; Penk1; Penk2", "resource": "RefSeq", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835", "id": "NP_058835" }, { "name": "Penk-rs", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094", "id": "P04094" }, { "name": "Penk1", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094", "id": "P04094" }, { "name": "Penk", "resource": "RefSeq", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835", "id": "NP_058835" } ], "protein_names": [ { "name": "Proenkephalin-A", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "recommended", "url": "", "id": "P04094" }, { "name": "OGF", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "", "id": "P04094" }, { "name": "Opioid growth factor", "resource": "UniProtKB", "type": "synonym", "url": "", "id": "P04094" }, { "name": "proenkephalin-A precursor", "resource": "RefSeq", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835", "id": "NP_058835" }, { "name": "proenkephalin-A; proenkephalin 1; preproenkephalin 2; proenkephalin 2; proenkephalin related sequence; enkephalin", "resource": "RefSeq", "type": "synonym", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835", "id": "NP_058835" } ], "function": [ { "annotation": "Increases glutamate release in the striatum and decreases GABA concentration in the striatum.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094#function" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "19164277", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19164277" } ] }, { "annotation": "Increases glutamate release in the striatum.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094#function" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "19164277", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19164277" } ] }, { "annotation": "Mapping the co-localization of the circadian proteins PER2 and BMAL1 with enkephalin and substance P throughout the rat forebrain has been reported. Publication Status: Online-Only", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "28423013", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/28423013" } ] }, { "annotation": "Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe neuropeptide acts as a strong ligand of Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 (PubMed:8624732). Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe-binding to OPRM1 in the nucleus accumbens of the brain increases activation of OPRM1, leading to long-term synaptic depression of glutamate release (By similarity).", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094#function" }, { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P22005", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P22005#function" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "8624732", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/8624732" } ] }, { "annotation": "Neuropeptide that competes with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094#function" }, { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P01210", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01210#function" } ] }, { "annotation": "Preproenkephalin-minimalistic immunologically defined gene expression-nuclear localization signal (PPENK-MIDGE-NLS) vector postconditioning can mitigate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by promoting mitophagy.", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "29169417", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29169417" } ] }, { "annotation": "Study found that miRNA let-7b-5p was increased as electroacupuncture tolerance occurred in rats with the complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced inflammatory nociception. The let-7b-5p contributed to the formation of EA tolerance by downregulating Penk1 gene.", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "32184167", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32184167" } ] }, { "annotation": "The findings of thus study suggest that, in parkinsonian animals treated with l-DOPA, high levels of PPENK are a prerequisite for a locomotor sensitization to l-DOPA treatment", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" }, { "database": "PubMed", "id": "27072528", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/27072528" } ] } ], "disease": [ { "disease_id": "DOID:0060564", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:0060564", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0060564", "name": "spinal disease", "description": "A bone disease that is located_in the spine." }, 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"paralysis agitans", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "late-onset Parkinson disease", "description": "A Parkinson disease that begins after around the age of 50." }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "LOPD", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "PARK", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "PD", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "Parkinson disease, age of onset, modifier, Multifactorial", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "Parkinson disease, late-onset", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "Parkinson disease, late-onset, susceptibility to, Multifactorial", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "Parkinson disease, susceptibility to, Multifactorial", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "autosomal dominant late-onset Parkinson disease", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "hereditary late onset Parkinson disease", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "hereditary late-onset Parkinson disease", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "late onset Parkinson disease", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "late onset Parkinson's disease", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008199", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008199", "name": "late-onset Parkinson disease", "description": "" }, { "id": "MIM:168600", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/168600", "name": "Parkinson disease", "description": "Parkinson disease" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "14330", "database": "Alliance of Genome Resources", "url": "https://www.alliancegenome.org/disease/DOID:14330" } ] }, { "disease_id": "DOID:1574", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:1574", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": 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"DOID:543", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:543", "name": "dystonic disease", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia", "description": "A rare movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive, sustained muscle contractions or postures involving one or more sites of the body." }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "DYT-TOR1A", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "DYT1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "EOTD", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "Oppenheim dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "Oppenheim's dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "dystonia musculorum deformans", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "dystonia-1, torsion", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "early onset primary dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "early onset torsion dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "early-onset generalised torsion dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "early-onset generalized torsion dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "early-onset primary dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "early-onset torsion dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "idiopathic dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": 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"MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "dystonia 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "dystonia 1, torsion, Autosomal dominant", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "dystonia 1, torsion, autosomal dominant", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "dystonia musculorum deformans 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "idiopathic dystonia DYT1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "idiopathic torsion dystonia", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "torsion dystonia 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0007492", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007492", "name": "torsion dystonia 1, autosomal dominant", "description": "" }, { "id": "MIM:128100", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/128100", "name": "Dystonia 1, torsion, autosomal dominant", "description": "Dystonia 1, torsion, autosomal dominant" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "543", "database": "Alliance of Genome Resources", "url": "https://www.alliancegenome.org/disease/DOID:543" } ] }, { "disease_id": "DOID:9976", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:9976", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:9976", "name": "heroin dependence", "description": "An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of heroin despite problems related to use of the substance." }, "synonyms": [], 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"Genome Annotation" ] }, { "id": "IPR000703", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR000703", "database": "InterPro", "categories": [ "Protein Classification" ] }, { "id": "IPR006024", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR006024", "database": "InterPro", "categories": [ "Protein Classification" ] }, { "id": "rno:29237", "url": "https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_linkdb?-t+pathway+rno:29237", "database": "KEGG Pathway", "categories": [ "Enzyme and Pathway" ] }, { "id": "NPEAGHY", "url": "https://omabrowser.org/oma/group/NPEAGHY/", "database": "OMA", "categories": [ "Protein Classification" ] }, { "id": "5347003at2759", "url": "http://www.orthodb.org/?query=5347003at2759", "database": "OrthoDB", "categories": [ "Protein Classification" ] }, { "id": "PTHR11438", "url": "http://www.pantherdb.org/panther/family.do?clsAccession=PTHR11438", "database": "PANTHER", "categories": [ "Protein Classification" ] }, { "id": "PTHR11438:SF3", "url": 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"Protein Classification" ] }, { "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835", "database": "RefSeq", "categories": [ "Protein" ] }, { "id": "68946", "url": "http://rgd.mcw.edu/tools/genes/genes_view.cgi?id=68946", "database": "RGD", "categories": [ "Organism-specific" ] }, { "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094", "database": "UniProtKB", "categories": [ "Protein" ] }, { "id": "P04094-1", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094-1", "database": "UniProtKB", "categories": [ "Protein" ] } ], "sequence": { "sequence": "MAQFLRLCIWLLALGSCLLATVQADCSQDCAKCSYRLVRPGDINFLACTLECEGQLPSFKIWETCKDLLQVSKPEFPWDNIDMYKDSSKQDESHLLAKKYGGFMKRYGGFMKKMDELYPVEPEEEANGGEILAKRYGGFMKKDADEGDTLANSSDLLKELLGTGDNRAKDSHQQESTNNDEDSTSKRYGGFMRGLKRSPQLEDEAKELQKRYGGFMRRVGRPEWWMDYQKRYGGFLKRFAESLPSDEEGESYSKEVPEMEKRYGGFMRF", "length": 269, "header": "sp|P04094-1|PENK_RAT Isoform 1 of Proenkephalin-A OS=Rattus norvegicus OX=10116 GN=Penk PE=1 SV=1 CANONICAL=P04094-1" }, 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Proteomics", "date": "2009", "authors": "Bernay B, Gaillard MC, Guryca V, Emadali A, Kuhn L, Bertrand A, Detraz I, Carcenac C, Savasta M, Brouillet E, Garin J, Elalouf JM", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "19164277", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19164277" } ] }, { "title": "Separate metabolic pathways for Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) degradation by rat striatal synaptosomal membranes.", "journal": "Neurochem. Int.", "date": "1982", "authors": "Benuck M, Berg MJ, Marks N", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "20487892", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20487892" } ] }, { "title": "Quantitative maps of protein phosphorylation sites across 14 different rat organs and tissues.", "journal": "Nature communications", "date": "2012", "authors": "Lundby A, Secher A, Lage K, Nordsborg NB, Dmytriyev A, Lundby C, Olsen JV", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094" }, { "database": "iPTMnet", "id": "P04094", "url": "http://research.bioinformatics.udel.edu/iptmnet/entry/P04094" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "22673903", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/22673903" } ] }, { "title": "Enkephalin and dynorphin neuropeptides are differently correlated with locomotor hypersensitivity and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in parkinsonian rats.", "journal": "Experimental neurology", "date": "2016", "authors": "Sgroi S, Capper-Loup C, Paganetti P, Kaelin-Lang A", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "27072528", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/27072528" } ] }, { "title": "A new species of enkephalin precursor mRNA with a distinct 5'-untranslated region in haploid germ cells.", "journal": "FEBS Lett.", "date": "1989", "authors": "Yoshikawa K, Maruyama K, Aizawa T, Yamamoto A", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "2707437", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/2707437" } ] }, { "title": "Mapping the co-localization of the circadian proteins PER2 and BMAL1 with enkephalin and substance P throughout the rodent forebrain.", "journal": "PloS one", "date": "2017", "authors": "Frederick A, Goldsmith J, de Zavalia N, Amir S", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "28423013", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/28423013" } ] }, { "title": "[Overexpression of PPENK reduces myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by promoting mitophagy in rats].", "journal": "Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology", "date": "2017", "authors": "Wang Y, Lu X, Zhao P, Jiang J, Yao L", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "29169417", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/29169417" } ] }, { "title": "Proenkephalin biosynthesis in the rat.", "journal": "NIDA Res. Monogr.", "date": "1986", "authors": "Howells R.D.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "3093884", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/3093884" } ] }, { "title": "Let-7b-5p promotes electroacupuncture tolerance by downregulating Penk1 gene in CFA-induced inflammatory nociception rats.", "journal": "Gene", "date": "2020", "authors": "Zhang Q, Liu A, Abouelfetouh MM, Ma N, Li M, Chen S, Ding M, Ding Y", "evidence": [ { "database": "RefSeq", "id": "NP_058835", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_058835" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "32184167", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32184167" } ] }, { "title": "Isolation and characterization of the rat proenkephalin gene.", "journal": "J. Biol. Chem.", "date": "1984", "authors": "Rosen H., Douglass J., Herbert E.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "6094550", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/6094550" } ] }, { "title": "Rat brain preproenkephalin mRNA. cDNA cloning, primary structure, and distribution in the central nervous system.", "journal": "J. Biol. Chem.", "date": "1984", "authors": "Williams C., Yoshikawa K., Sabol S.L.", "evidence": [ { "database": "UniProtKB", "id": "P04094", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04094" } ], "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "6548748", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/6548748" } ] }, { "title": "Molecular cloning and sequence determination of rat preproenkephalin cDNA: sensitive probe for studying transcriptional changes in rat tissues.", "journal": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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