{
    "assessed_biomarker_entity": "Myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA)",
    "assessed_entity_type": "DNA",
    "components": {
        "protein": [
            {
                "accession": "Q6P1J9-1",
                "name": "Parafibromin",
                "evidence": [
                    {
                        "id": "GLY_000625",
                        "database": "GlyGen",
                        "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "32511633",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511633"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "26823721",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/26823721"
                    }
                ]
            }
        ],
        "glycan": []
    },
    "instances": [
        {
            "best_biomarker_type": "diagnostic",
            "status": "increased MPO-DNA level",
            "notes": "Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well.",
            "literature_evidence": "We now report that sera from patients with COVID-19 (n=50 patients, n=84 samples) have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3); the latter two are highly specific markers of NETs. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. [PMID:32511633]",
            "loinc_code": "",
            "tissue": {
                "name": "blood",
                "namespace": "UBERON",
                "id": "0000178",
                "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"
            },
            "disease": {
                "disease_id": "DOID:0080600",
                "recommended_name": {
                    "id": "DOID:0080600",
                    "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                    "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                    "name": "COVID-19",
                    "description": "A Coronavirus infection that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in SARS-CoV-2."
                },
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "Wuhan coronavirus infection",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "COVID19",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:0080600",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                        "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection",
                        "description": ""
                    }
                ]
            },
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000625",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                },
                {
                    "id": "32511633",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511633"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic",
            "status": "increased MPO-DNA level",
            "notes": "",
            "literature_evidence": "To further certify autonomous NET formation in patients with GC, we assessed the levels of circulating MPO-DNA complex, a well-established marker of NET formation. We found that the amount of circulating MPO-DNA complex in patients with GC was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. These results suggest that GC creates a systemic environment that primes neutrophils to release procoagulant NETs. [PMID:26823721]",
            "loinc_code": "",
            "tissue": {
                "name": "blood",
                "namespace": "UBERON",
                "id": "0000178",
                "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"
            },
            "disease": {
                "disease_id": "DOID:3119",
                "recommended_name": {
                    "id": "DOID:3119",
                    "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                    "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3119",
                    "name": "gastrointestinal system cancer",
                    "description": "An organ system cancer located_in gastrointestinal tract that is manifested in organs of the gastrointestinal system."
                },
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:3119",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3119",
                        "name": "GI tumor",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:3119",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3119",
                        "name": "digestive system cancer",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:3119",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3119",
                        "name": "gastrointestinal tract cancer",
                        "description": ""
                    }
                ]
            },
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000625",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                },
                {
                    "id": "26823721",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/26823721"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "publication": [
        {
            "title": "Procoagulant role of neutrophil extracellular traps in patients with gastric cancer.",
            "journal": "International journal of clinical and experimental pathology",
            "authors": "Yang Chunfa, Sun Wenying, Cui Wu, Li Xingku, Yao Jialin, Jia Xuanye, Li Changjian, Wu Hongjie, Hu Zhaoyang, Zou Xiaoming",
            "date": "2015",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "26823721",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/26823721"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000625",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as markers of disease severity in COVID-19.",
            "journal": "medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences",
            "authors": "Zuo Yu, Yalavarthi Srilakshmi, Shi Hui, Gockman Kelsey, Zuo Melanie, Madison Jacqueline A, Blair Christopher, Weber Andrew, Barnes Betsy J, Egeblad Mikala, Woods Robert J, Kanthi Yogendra, Knight Jason S",
            "date": "2020-04-14",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32511633",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511633"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000625",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "evidence": [
        {
            "id": "GLY_000625",
            "database": "GlyGen",
            "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625"
        },
        {
            "id": "32511633",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511633"
        },
        {
            "id": "26823721",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/26823721"
        }
    ],
    "biomarker_id": "A0074",
    "aclist": [
        "Q6P1J9-1"
    ],
    "crossref": [],
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