{
    "assessed_biomarker_entity": "Alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)",
    "assessed_entity_type": "glycan",
    "components": {
        "protein": [],
        "glycan": [
            {
                "accession": "G57321FI",
                "evidence": [
                    {
                        "id": "GLY_000737",
                        "database": "GlyGen",
                        "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000737"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "22435486",
                        "database": "PubMed",
                        "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/22435486"
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    },
    "instances": [
        {
            "best_biomarker_type": "diagnostic",
            "status": "increased GalNAc level",
            "notes": "",
            "literature_evidence": "Fluorescently labeled lectins that specifically recognize \u03b1-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and \u03b1-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) differentially bound to the cell surface based on the state of cellular differentiation. GalNAc and GlcNAc were highly expressed on the surface of undifferentiated cells and showed markedly reduced expression over a 12-day duration of differentiation. Our preliminary results on a single cerebellar GBM suggest that GalNAc and GlcNAc are novel biomarkers for identifying glioma-derived stem cells and can be used to isolate cancer stem cells from unsorted cell populations, thereby creating new cell lines for research or clinical testing. [PMID: 22435486]",
            "loinc_code": "",
            "tissue": {
                "name": "brain",
                "namespace": "UBERON",
                "id": "0000955",
                "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"
            },
            "disease": {
                "disease_id": "DOID:1319",
                "recommended_name": {
                    "id": "DOID:1319",
                    "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                    "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                    "name": "brain cancer",
                    "description": "A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain."
                },
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "BT - Brain tumour",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "adult brain tumor",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "adult malignant brain neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "brain neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "brain neoplasm, adult",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "malignant brain tumour",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "malignant primary brain neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "malignant primary brain tumor",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "malignant tumor of Brain",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "malignant tumor of adult brain",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "neoplasm of brain",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "primary brain neoplasm",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "primary brain tumor",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "primary malignant neoplasm of brain",
                        "description": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "DOID:1319",
                        "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                        "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1319",
                        "name": "tumor of the Brain",
                        "description": ""
                    }
                ]
            },
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000737",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000737"
                },
                {
                    "id": "22435486",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/22435486"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "publication": [
        {
            "title": "Lectins identify glycan biomarkers on glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells.",
            "journal": "Stem cells and development",
            "authors": "Tucker-Burden C, Chappa P, Krishnamoorthy M, Gerwe BA, Scharer CD, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Harris W, Usta SN, Eilertson CD, Hadjipanayis CG, Stice SL, Brat DJ, Nash RJ",
            "date": "2012",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "22435486",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/22435486"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "GLY_000737",
                    "database": "GlyGen",
                    "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000737"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "evidence": [
        {
            "id": "GLY_000737",
            "database": "GlyGen",
            "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000737"
        },
        {
            "id": "22435486",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/22435486"
        }
    ],
    "biomarker_id": "A0419",
    "aclist": [
        "G57321FI"
    ],
    "crossref": [],
    "section_stats": [
        {
            "table_id": "instances",
            "table_stats": [
                {
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            ],
            "sort_fields": [
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                "tissue.namespace",
                "tissue.id",
                "tissue.url",
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            ]
        },
        {
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            ],
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}