{ "assessed_biomarker_entity": "Cholinesterase (BCHE)", "assessed_entity_type": "protein", "components": { "protein": [ { "accession": "P06276-1", "name": "Cholinesterase", "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "32505227", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32505227" }, { "id": "30711999", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30711999" }, { "id": "16233931", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16233931" } ] } ], "glycan": [] }, "instances": [ { "best_biomarker_type": "monitoring", "status": "increased BCHE level", "notes": "Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well.", "literature_evidence": "Serum urea, CREA, CysC, DBIL, CHE and LDH could be used to distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from mild COVID-19 cases. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447]", "loinc_code": "11154-2", "tissue": { "name": "blood", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000178", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:0080600", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "COVID-19", "description": "A Coronavirus infection that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in SARS-CoV-2." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "2019-nCoV infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "Wuhan coronavirus infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "COVID19", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "description": "" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447", "database": "DOI", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/DOI/10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447" }, { "id": "32505227", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32505227" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic", "status": "increased BCHE level", "notes": "", "literature_evidence": "Serum concentrations of albumin, cholinesterase and total cholesterol, and total peripheral lymphocyte count (TLC) were used as nutrition related markers. Results: In multivariate analysis of nutrition related markers, serum albumin and cholinesterase levels were found to be independent prognostic indicators. [PMID:30711999]", "loinc_code": "11154-2", "tissue": { "name": "blood", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000178", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:9256", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:9256", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:9256", "name": "colorectal cancer", "description": "A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colorectal cancer", "description": "A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon or rectum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma." }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "cancer of colorectum", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "cancer of large bowel", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "cancer of large intestine", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "cancer of the large bowel", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colon cancer, advanced, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colon cancer, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colorectal cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colorectal cancer with chromosomal instability, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colorectal cancer, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colorectal cancer, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colorectum cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant colorectal neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant colorectal tumor", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant colorectum neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant large bowel neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant large bowel tumor", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant large intestine neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant large intestine tumor", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant neoplasm of colorectum", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant neoplasm of large bowel", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant neoplasm of large intestine", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant neoplasm of the large bowel", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant neoplasm of the large intestine", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant tumor of large bowel", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant tumor of large intestine", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant tumor of the large bowel", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "malignant tumor of the large intestine", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "CRC", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colon cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "colon cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0005575", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005575", "name": "large intestine cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MIM:114500", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/114500", "name": "Colorectal cancer", "description": "Colorectal cancer" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "30711999", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30711999" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic", "status": "increased BCHE level", "notes": "", "literature_evidence": "Serum cholinesterase activity was measured in diabetes, hypertensive and diabetic/hypertensive patients. The sample consisted of volunteer patients and was divided in a control group (n = 26), type 2 diabetic group (n = 16), hypertensive group (n = 12) and type 2 diabetic/hypertensive group (n = 26). In addition, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined. Serum cholinesterase activity in the control group was significantly lower in relation to the other groups (p < 0.001). Blood glucose levels were elevated in type 2 diabetic and type 2 diabetic/hypertensive groups. In vitro studies showed increased cholinesterase activity in the presence of glucose 5100 mM or insulin 0.525 UI (p < 0.001). Cholesterol and triglycerides were at normal levels only in the control group. Possibly, a relationship exists between the increase in serum cholinesterase and the vascular complications in the diabetic patients, potentially stimulated by the levels of glycemia and dyslipidemia. Although patients were receiving different medicines, the increase in enzyme activity was similar in all groups. This enzymatic profile suggests a possible interference of the diseases in the catalytic mechanism of the serum cholinesterase enzyme. [PMID:16233931]", "loinc_code": "11154-2", "tissue": { "name": "blood", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000178", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:9351", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:9351", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:9351", "name": "diabetes mellitus", "description": "A glucose metabolism disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:9351", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:9351", "name": "diabetes", "description": "" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "16233931", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16233931" } ] } ], "publication": [ { "title": "Combination of Serum Albumin and Cholinesterase Levels as Prognostic Indicator in Patients ith Colorectal Cancer.", "journal": "Anticancer research", "authors": "Yamamoto Manabu, Saito Hiroaki, Uejima Chihiro, Tanio Akimitsu, Tada Yoichiro, Matsunaga Tomoyuki, Sakamoto Teruhisa, Honjo Soichiro, Ashida Keigo, Fujiwara Yoshiyuki", "date": "2019-02", "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "30711999", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30711999" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" } ] }, { "title": "Serum cholinesterase activity in diabetes and associated pathologies.", "journal": "Diabetes research and clinical practice", "authors": "In\u00e1cio Lunkes Gilberto, Stefanello Franciele, Sausen Lunkes Dani\u00e9le, Maria Morsch Vera, Schetinger Maria Rosa Chitolina, Gon\u00e7alves Jamile Fabbrin", "date": "2006-04", "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "16233931", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16233931" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" } ] }, { "title": "Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": "Vabret N, Britton GJ, Gruber C, Hegde S, Kim J, Kuksin M, Levantovsky R, Malle L, Moreira A, Park MD, Pia L, Risson E, Saffern M, Salome B, Esai Selvan M, Spindler MP, Tan J, van der Heide V, Gregory JK, Alexandropoulos K, Bhardwaj N, Brown BD, Greenbaum B, Gumus ZH, Homann D, Horowitz A, Kamphorst AO, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Mehandru S, Merad M, Samstein RM", "date": "2020", "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "32505227", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32505227" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" } ] } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447", "database": "DOI", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/DOI/10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447" }, { "id": "32505227", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32505227" }, { "id": "30711999", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30711999" }, { "id": "16233931", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16233931" } ], "biomarker_id": "A0051", "aclist": [ "P06276-1" ], "crossref": [], "section_stats": [ { "table_id": "instances", "table_stats": [ { "field": "total", "count": 3 } ], "sort_fields": [ "best_biomarker_type", "status", "notes", "literature_evidence", "loinc_code", "tissue.name", "tissue.namespace", "tissue.id", "tissue.url", "disease.disease_id" ] }, { "table_id": "components", "table_stats": [ { "field": "total", "count": 2 } ], "sort_fields": [] }, { "table_id": "publication", "table_stats": [ { "field": "total", "count": 3 } ], "sort_fields": [ "title", "journal", "authors", "date" ] } ] }