{ "assessed_biomarker_entity": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)", "assessed_entity_type": "protein", "components": { "protein": [ { "accession": "Q9BYF1-1", "name": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2", "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "32916258", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32916258" }, { "id": "32698840", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32698840" }, { "id": "32339157", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32339157" }, { "id": "19212105", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19212105" } ] } ], "glycan": [] }, "instances": [ { "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic", "status": "increased ACE2 level", "notes": "Increased ACE2 expression", "literature_evidence": "Our study showed an increased rate of expression of ACE2 in an elderly male patient in the age group of 60-70 who has LAUD or LUSC. We also conducted a prognostic analysis of ACE2 in lung cancer, we found that ACE2 mRNA is highly expressed. High expression of ACE2 may lead to higher susceptibility of lung cancer patient towards COVID 19 and ACE2 can serve as the best potential biomarker for this disease compared to co-expressed genes. [PMID:32916258]", "loinc_code": "", "tissue": { "name": "lung", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0002048", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:1324", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:1324", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1324", "name": "lung cancer", "description": "A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the lung." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "MONDO:0012159", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012159", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159", "name": "LNCR1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012159", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012159", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012942", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012942", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942", "name": "LNCR3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012942", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012942", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942", "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, susceptibility to", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012955", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 4", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012955", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955", "name": "LNCR4", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012955", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 4", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0013631", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0013631", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631", "name": "LNCR5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0013631", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer", "description": "A malignant neoplasm involving the lung." }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "cancer of lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, protection against, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, resistance to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant lung neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant lung tumor", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant neoplasm of lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant neoplasm of the lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant tumor of lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant tumor of the lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "Nonsmall cell lung cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "alveolar cell carcinoma", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, protection against", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "MIM:211980", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/211980", "name": "Lung cancer", "description": "Lung cancer" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "32916258", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32916258" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "monitoring", "status": "increased ACE2 level", "notes": "Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well.", "literature_evidence": "sACE2 levels showed reliable associations with all individuals components of Metabolic Syndrome. This profile of associations was statistically significantly stronger in men, compared to women, and suggests that preexisting cardiometabolic conditions might confer increased severity of symptoms in some COVID-19 patients through increased expression of ACE2 in the liver. [PMID:32698840]", "loinc_code": "", "tissue": { "name": "blood", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000178", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:0080600", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "COVID-19", "description": "A Coronavirus infection that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in SARS-CoV-2." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "2019-nCoV infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "Wuhan coronavirus infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "COVID19", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "description": "" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "32698840", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32698840" }, { "id": "32339157", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32339157" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic", "status": "decreased ACE2 level", "notes": "Decreased ACE2 expression", "literature_evidence": "Expression of ACE2 is decreased in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. The reduction of ACE2 expression by RNA interference promoted the proliferation of cultured pancreatic cancer cells. It was found that ANGII (angiotensin II, a biologically active peptide that works as a regulator of cardiovasular homeostasist) contributes to the down-regulation of ACE2 in cancer patients. [PMID:19212105]", "loinc_code": "", "tissue": { "name": "pancreas", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0001264", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001264" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:1793", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "pancreatic cancer", "description": "An endocrine gland cancer located_in the pancreas." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "Ca body of pancreas", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "Ca head of pancreas", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "Ca tail of pancreas", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "malignant neoplasm of body of pancreas", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "malignant neoplasm of head of pancreas", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "malignant neoplasm of tail of pancreas", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "pancreas neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "pancreatic neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1793", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1793", "name": "pancreatic tumor", "description": "" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "19212105", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19212105" } ] } ], "publication": [ { "title": "Decreased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with tumor progression.", "journal": "The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine", "authors": "Zhou L, Zhang R, Yao W, Wang J, Qian A, Qiao M, Zhang Y, Yuan Y", "date": "2009", "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "19212105", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19212105" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" } ] }, { "title": "ACE2 correlated with immune infiltration serves as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma and renal papillary cell carcinoma: implication for COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging", "authors": "Yang J, Li H, Hu S, Zhou Y", "date": "2020", "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "32339157", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32339157" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" } ] }, { "title": "Identification of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein as the potential biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 infection-related lung cancer using computational analyses.", "journal": "Genomics", "authors": "Samad A, Jafar T, Rafi JH", "date": "2020", "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "32916258", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32916258" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" } ] }, { "title": "Plasma levels of soluble ACE2are associated with sex, Metabolic Syndrome, and its biomarkers in a large cohort, pointing to a possible mechanism for increased severity in COVID-19.", "journal": "Critical care (London, England)", "authors": "Kornilov SA, Lucas I, Jade K, Dai CL, Lovejoy JC, Magis AT", "date": "2020", "reference": [ { "type": "PubMed", "id": "32698840", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32698840" } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" } ] } ], "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "32916258", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32916258" }, { "id": "32698840", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32698840" }, { "id": "32339157", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32339157" }, { "id": "19212105", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19212105" } ], "biomarker_id": "A0031", "aclist": [ "Q9BYF1-1" ], "crossref": [], "section_stats": [ { "table_id": "instances", "table_stats": [ { "field": "total", "count": 3 } ], "sort_fields": [ "best_biomarker_type", "status", "notes", "literature_evidence", "loinc_code", "tissue.name", "tissue.namespace", "tissue.id", "tissue.url", "disease.disease_id" ] }, { "table_id": "components", "table_stats": [ { "field": "total", "count": 2 } ], "sort_fields": [] }, { "table_id": "publication", "table_stats": [ { "field": "total", "count": 4 } ], "sort_fields": [ "title", "journal", "authors", "date" ] } ] }