{ "assessed_biomarker_entity": "C-reactive protein (CRP)", "assessed_entity_type": "protein", "components": { "protein": [ { "accession": "P02741-1", "name": "C-reactive protein", "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "32277967", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32277967" }, { "id": "32677844", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32677844" }, { "id": "32347972", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972" }, { "id": "33349241", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/33349241" }, { "id": "32161940", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32161940" }, { "id": "32425269", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32425269" }, { "id": "32566572", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32566572" }, { "id": "32243911", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32243911" }, { "id": "32475810", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32475810" }, { "id": "32296824", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32296824" }, { "id": "32281668", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32281668" }, { "id": "32368728", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32368728" }, { "id": "32277967", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32277967" }, { "id": "32475810", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32475810" }, { "id": "32281668", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32281668" }, { "id": "32511972", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511972" }, { "id": "32344321", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32344321" }, { "id": "32615866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32615866" }, { "id": "32471703", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32471703" }, { "id": "32414383", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32414383" }, { "id": "32048163", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32048163" }, { "id": "32243911", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32243911" }, { "id": "32475810", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32475810" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" }, { "id": "31477553", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31477553" }, { "id": "19470939", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19470939" } ] } ], "glycan": [] }, "instances": [ { "best_biomarker_type": "monitoring", "status": "increased CRP level", "notes": "Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well.", "literature_evidence": "SAA/L, CRP, SAA, and L count are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. [PMID:32277967] Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. [PMID:32677844] The positive correlations between CRP and series cancer biomarkers we showed in this study demonstrate that these cancer biomarkers can present the diffuse and acute lung injuries in COVID-19. CRP increased in 95% of all cases; the increases were significant for all groups (mild: 13.5\u2009\u00b1\u200913.1; severe: 35.0\u2009\u00b1\u200939.2; critical: 66.1\u2009\u00b1\u200967.3; in mg/L; P\u2009=\u2009.002). [PMID:32347972] Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >2252ug/L, WBC>9.5x10^9/L or NC >7.305x10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. [PMID:33349241] Surveillance of NLR and lymphocyte subsets is helpful in the early screening of critical illness, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. [PMID:32161940] The maximal level of IL-6, followed by CRP level, was highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation. This suggests the possibility of using IL-6 or CRP level to guide escalation of treatment in patients with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome. [PMID:32425269] NLR and CRP are potential and reliable predictors of COVID-19 prognosis and can triage patients at the time of admission. [PMID:32566572] At the early stage of COVID-19, CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions. CRP levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring. [PMID:32243911] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. [PMID:32475810] We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32296824] CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613] CRP in severe COVID-19 patients increased significantly at the initial stage, before CT findings. Importantly, CRP, which was associated with disease development, predicted early severe COVID-19. [PMID:32281668] At the early stage of COVID-19, CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions. CRP levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring. [PMID:32243911]", "loinc_code": "71426-1", "tissue": { "name": "blood", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000178", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:0080600", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "COVID-19", "description": "A Coronavirus infection that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in SARS-CoV-2." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "2019-nCoV infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "Wuhan coronavirus infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "COVID19", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:0080600", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600", "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "description": "" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "32277967", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32277967" }, { "id": "32677844", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32677844" }, { "id": "32347972", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32347972" }, { "id": "10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7", "database": "DOI", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/DOI/10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7" }, { "id": "33349241", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/33349241" }, { "id": "32161940", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32161940" }, { "id": "32425269", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32425269" }, { "id": "32566572", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32566572" }, { "id": "32243911", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32243911" }, { "id": "32475810", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32475810" }, { "id": "32296824", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32296824" }, { "id": "10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613", "database": "DOI", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/DOI/10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613" }, { "id": "32281668", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32281668" }, { "id": "32368728", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32368728" }, { "id": "32511972", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511972" }, { "id": "32344321", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32344321" }, { "id": "32615866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32615866" }, { "id": "32471703", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32471703" }, { "id": "32414383", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32414383" }, { "id": "32048163", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32048163" }, { "id": "10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678", "database": "DOI", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/DOI/10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic", "status": "increased CRP level", "notes": "", "literature_evidence": "An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].", "loinc_code": "71426-1", "tissue": { "name": "blood", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000178", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:1324", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:1324", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1324", "name": "lung cancer", "description": "A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the lung." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "MONDO:0012159", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012159", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159", "name": "LNCR1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012159", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012159", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012159", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012942", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012942", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942", "name": "LNCR3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012942", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012942", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012942", "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, susceptibility to", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012955", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 4", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012955", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955", "name": "LNCR4", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012955", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012955", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 4", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0013631", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0013631", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631", "name": "LNCR5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0013631", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013631", "name": "lung cancer susceptibility 5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer", "description": "A malignant neoplasm involving the lung." }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "adenocarcinoma of lung, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "cancer of lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, protection against, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, resistance to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant lung neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant lung tumor", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant neoplasm of lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant neoplasm of the lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant tumor of lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "malignant tumor of the lung", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "nonsmall cell lung cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "Nonsmall cell lung cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "alveolar cell carcinoma", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung cancer, protection against", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0008903", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008903", "name": "lung neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "MIM:211980", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/211980", "name": "Lung cancer", "description": "Lung cancer" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic", "status": "increased CRP level", "notes": "", "literature_evidence": "An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].", "loinc_code": "71426-1", "tissue": { "name": "blood", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000178", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:1612", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:1612", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1612", "name": "breast cancer", "description": "A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:1612", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1612", "name": "breast tumor", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1612", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1612", "name": "malignant neoplasm of breast", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1612", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1612", "name": "malignant tumor of the breast", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1612", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1612", "name": "mammary cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1612", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1612", "name": "mammary tumor", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:1612", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:1612", "name": "primary breast cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0016419", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0016419", "name": "hereditary breast carcinoma", "description": "Breast carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients with history of breast carcinoma." }, { "id": "MONDO:0016419", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0016419", "name": "breast cancer susceptibility, autosomal 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"GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" }, { "id": "19470939", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19470939" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic", "status": "increased CRP level", "notes": "", "literature_evidence": "An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. 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Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. 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Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].", "loinc_code": "71426-1", "tissue": { "name": "blood", "namespace": "UBERON", "id": "0000178", "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" }, "disease": { "disease_id": "DOID:3571", "recommended_name": { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "liver cancer", "description": "A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver." }, "synonyms": [ { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "Ca liver - primary", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "Resectable malignant neoplasm of Liver", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "hepatic cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "hepatic neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "malignant hepato-biliary neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "malignant neoplasm of liver", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "malignant neoplasm of liver, primary", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "malignant tumor of liver", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "neoplasm of liver", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "non-resectable primary hepatic malignant neoplasm", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "primary liver cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "primary malignant neoplasm of liver", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "resectable malignant neoplasm of the liver", "description": "" }, { "id": "DOID:3571", "resource": "Disease Ontology", "url": "http://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571", "name": "malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary", "description": "" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "prognostic", "status": "increased CRP level", "notes": "", "literature_evidence": "An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. 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"https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012244", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012244", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012244", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, type 5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012244", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012244", "name": "HPC5", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012093", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012093", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012093", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012093", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012093", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012093", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, type 3", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012093", "resource": 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"MONDO:0012094", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012094", "name": "HPC4", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012094", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012094", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, on chromosome 7", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012758", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012758", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 13", "description": "Any familial prostate cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MSMB gene." }, { "id": "MONDO:0012758", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012758", "name": "MSMB familial prostate cancer", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012758", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012758", "name": "familial prostate cancer caused by mutation in MSMB", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012758", "resource": "MONDO", 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"MONDO:0012300", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012300", "name": "HPC6", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012300", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012300", "name": "prostate cancer, susceptibility to", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012620", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012620", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 10", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012620", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012620", "name": "HPC10", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012620", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012620", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 10", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0023122", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0023122", "name": "familial prostate carcinoma", "description": "Prostate carcinoma that has 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"id": "MONDO:0023122", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0023122", "name": "prostate cancer, somatic", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0023122", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0023122", "name": "prostate cancer, susceptibility to, autosomal dominant, somatic mutation", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0023122", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0023122", "name": "prostate cancer, familial", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0023122", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0023122", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012470", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012470", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 7", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012470", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012470", "name": 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}, { "id": "MONDO:0011098", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011098", "name": "prostate cancer 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0011098", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011098", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0011098", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011098", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, type 1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0011098", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011098", "name": "HPC1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0011098", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011098", "name": "Prca1", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012768", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012768", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, 11", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0012768", 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"MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010405", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, X-linked 2", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0010405", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010405", "name": "HPCX2", "description": "" }, { "id": "MONDO:0010405", "resource": "MONDO", "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010405", "name": "prostate cancer, hereditary, X-linked 2", "description": "" }, { "id": "MIM:611868", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/611868", "name": "Prostate cancer, hereditary, 12", "description": "Prostate cancer, hereditary, 12" }, { "id": "MIM:611928", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/611928", "name": "Prostate cancer, hereditary, 13", "description": "Prostate cancer, hereditary, 13" }, { "id": "MIM:176807", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/176807", "name": "Prostate cancer", "description": "Prostate cancer" }, { "id": "MIM:601518", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/601518", "name": "Prostate cancer, hereditary, 1", "description": "Prostate cancer, hereditary, 1" }, { "id": "MIM:611955", "resource": "MIM", "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/611955", "name": "Prostate cancer, hereditary, 11", "description": "Prostate cancer, hereditary, 11" } ] }, "evidence": [ { "id": "GLY_000625", "database": "GlyGen", "url": "https://data.glygen.org/GLY_000625" }, { "id": "24481866", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/24481866" }, { "id": "32369209", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32369209" }, { "id": "32224151", "database": "PubMed", "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32224151" } ] }, { "best_biomarker_type": "monitoring", "status": "increased CRP level", "notes": "", "literature_evidence": "Increased CRP may represent an extended biomarker of microvascular risk in men with T2DM. 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