{
    "biomarker_id": "AN6403-1",
    "biomarker_canonical_id": "AN6403",
    "condition": {
        "recommended_name": {
            "id": "DOID:0080600",
            "resource": "Disease Ontology",
            "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
            "name": "COVID-19",
            "description": "A Coronavirus infectious disease that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a subtype of Betacoronavirus pandemicum."
        },
        "synonyms": [
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "COVID19",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "COVID-19",
                "description": "A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "coronavirus disease 2019",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectious disease",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019-nCoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "SARS-CoV-2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "SARS-coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "betacoronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            }
        ],
        "id": "DOID:0080600"
    },
    "biomarker_component": [
        {
            "biomarker": "increased KITLG level",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity_id": "P21583-1",
            "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity": {
                "recommended_name": "Kit ligand",
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "synonym": "Mast cell growth factor"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "MGF"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Stem cell factor"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "SCF"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "c-Kit ligand"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "specimen": [
                {
                    "name": "blood",
                    "namespace": "UBERON",
                    "id": "0000178",
                    "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178",
                    "loinc_code": ""
                }
            ],
            "evidence_source": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6403-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6403-1"
                },
                {
                    "id": "32561706",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32561706",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "SCF were significantly higher in fatal than severe and/or mild COVID-19 patients. The temporal changes of the identified CCGFs may serve as biomarkers for prognosis of COVID-19 patients."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32292113",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32292113",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Regulatory DCs (regDCs) play an important role in controlling immune homeostasis and can possess an immunosuppressive ability to induce specific immune tolerance and dampen Th2 type inflammation."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32257537",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32257537",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Therefore, the fact that the transplantation of MSCs improved the outcome of COVID-2019 patients may be due to regulating inflammatory response and promoting tissue repair and regeneration."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32576222",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1)."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "best_biomarker_role": [
        {
            "role": "prognostic"
        },
        {
            "role": "monitoring"
        }
    ],
    "evidence_source": [
        {
            "id": "AN6403-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6403-1"
        },
        {
            "id": "32561706",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32561706",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "SCF were significantly higher in fatal than severe and/or mild COVID-19 patients. The temporal changes of the identified CCGFs may serve as biomarkers for prognosis of COVID-19 patients."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32292113",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32292113",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Regulatory DCs (regDCs) play an important role in controlling immune homeostasis and can possess an immunosuppressive ability to induce specific immune tolerance and dampen Th2 type inflammation."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32257537",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32257537",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Therefore, the fact that the transplantation of MSCs improved the outcome of COVID-2019 patients may be due to regulating inflammatory response and promoting tissue repair and regeneration."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32576222",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1)."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "crossref": [
        {
            "id": "AN6403-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6403-1",
            "categories": [
                "Biomarkers"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "citation": [
        {
            "title": "Temporal profiling of plasma cytokines, chemokines and growth factors from mild, severe and fatal COVID-19 patients.",
            "journal": "Signal transduction and targeted therapy",
            "authors": "Xu ZS, Shu T, Kang L, Wu D, Zhou X, Liao BW, Sun XL, Zhou X, Wang YY",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32561706",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32561706"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6402-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6403-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019.",
            "journal": "Stem cells and development",
            "authors": "Zhao RC",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32292113",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32292113"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6403-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6403-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Transplantation of ACE2(-) Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.",
            "journal": "Aging and disease",
            "authors": "Leng Z, Zhu R, Hou W, Feng Y, Yang Y, Han Q, Shan G, Meng F, Du D, Wang S, Fan J, Wang W, Deng L, Shi H, Li H, Hu Z, Zhang F, Gao J, Liu H, Li X, Zhao Y, Yin K, He X, Gao Z, Wang Y, Yang B, Jin R, Stambler I, Lim LW, Su H, Moskalev A, Cano A, Chakrabarti S, Min KJ, Ellison-Hughes G, Caruso C, Jin K, Zhao RC",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32257537",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32257537"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6403-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6403-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "VEGF-D: a novel biomarker for detection of COVID-19 progression.",
            "journal": "Critical care (London, England)",
            "authors": "Kong Y, Han J, Wu X, Zeng H, Liu J, Zhang H",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32576222",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6403-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6403-1"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "section_stats": [
        {
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                }
            ],
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                "assessed_biomarker_entity.recommended_name"
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