{
    "biomarker_id": "AN6309-1",
    "biomarker_canonical_id": "AN6309",
    "condition": {
        "recommended_name": {
            "id": "DOID:0080600",
            "resource": "Disease Ontology",
            "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
            "name": "COVID-19",
            "description": "A Coronavirus infectious disease that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a subtype of Betacoronavirus pandemicum."
        },
        "synonyms": [
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "COVID19",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "COVID-19",
                "description": "A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "coronavirus disease 2019",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectious disease",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019-nCoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "SARS-CoV-2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "SARS-coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "betacoronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            }
        ],
        "id": "DOID:0080600"
    },
    "biomarker_component": [
        {
            "biomarker": "increased TNF level",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity_id": "P01375-1",
            "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity": {
                "recommended_name": "Tumor necrosis factor",
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "synonym": "N-terminal fragment"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "NTF"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "TNF-a"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Cachectin"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "TNF-alpha"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "specimen": [
                {
                    "name": "blood",
                    "namespace": "UBERON",
                    "id": "0000178",
                    "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178",
                    "loinc_code": "3074-2"
                }
            ],
            "evidence_source": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6309-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
                },
                {
                    "id": "32479790",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32479790",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " assessed_biomarker_entity_id",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "When comparing biochemical indexes of COVID-19 between patients with and without cancer, we found that pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-2R were higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32382744",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32382744",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "The prevalence of severe and complicated cases of COVID-19 is lower in patients in treatment with anti-TNF-alpha than that reported for patients taking steroids."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32511562",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511562",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "COVID-19 is associated with high levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8. Furthermore, elevated TNF-a, known to contribute to organ damage, was also a strong predictor of poor outcome."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "31986264",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31986264",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32222466",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32222466",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "33349241",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/33349241",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen",
                        ""
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Significant correlations were found about age, IL2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF\u03b1, CRP, ferroprotein, PCT, LC, NC, and EC. PCT (R = -0.650), CRP (R = -0.604), NC (R = -0.585), age (R = -0.564), LC (R = 0.56), IL-6 (R = -0.535), IL2R (R = -0.534) and ferroprotein (R = -0.508) were highly correlated"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32576222",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222",
                    "tags": [
                        "",
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1)."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "best_biomarker_role": [
        {
            "role": "prognostic"
        },
        {
            "role": "monitoring"
        }
    ],
    "evidence_source": [
        {
            "id": "AN6309-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
        },
        {
            "id": "32479790",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32479790",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "When comparing biochemical indexes of COVID-19 between patients with and without cancer, we found that pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-2R were higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32382744",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32382744",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "The prevalence of severe and complicated cases of COVID-19 is lower in patients in treatment with anti-TNF-alpha than that reported for patients taking steroids."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32511562",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511562",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "COVID-19 is associated with high levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8. Furthermore, elevated TNF-a, known to contribute to organ damage, was also a strong predictor of poor outcome."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "31986264",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31986264",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32222466",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32222466",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "33349241",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/33349241",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Significant correlations were found about age, IL2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF\u03b1, CRP, ferroprotein, PCT, LC, NC, and EC. PCT (R = -0.650), CRP (R = -0.604), NC (R = -0.585), age (R = -0.564), LC (R = 0.56), IL-6 (R = -0.535), IL2R (R = -0.534) and ferroprotein (R = -0.508) were highly correlated"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32576222",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1)."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "crossref": [
        {
            "id": "AN6309-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1",
            "categories": [
                "Biomarkers"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "citation": [
        {
            "title": "Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.",
            "journal": "The Lancet. Oncology",
            "authors": "Tian J, Yuan X, Xiao J, Zhong Q, Yang C, Liu B, Cai Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu S, Cheng B, Wang J, Zhang M, Wang L, Niu S, Yao Z, Deng X, Zhou F, Wei W, Li Q, Chen X, Chen W, Yang Q, Wu S, Fan J, Shu B, Hu Z, Wang S, Yang XP, Liu W, Miao X, Wang Z",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32479790",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32479790"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6539-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Anti-TNF-alpha Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Course of COVID-19.",
            "journal": "Inflammatory bowel diseases",
            "authors": "Tursi A, Vetrone LM, Papa A",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32382744",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32382744"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6309-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "An inflammatory cytokine signature helps predict COVID-19 severity and death.",
            "journal": "medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences",
            "authors": "Del Valle DM, Kim-Schulze S, Hsin-Hui H, Beckmann ND, Nirenberg S, Wang B, Lavin Y, Swartz T, Madduri D, Stock A, Marron T, Xie H, Patel MK, van Oekelen O, Rahman A, Kovatch P, Aberg J, Schadt E, Jagannath S, Mazumdar M, Charney A, Firpo-Betancourt A, Mendu DR, Jhang J, Reich D, Sigel K, Cordon-Cardo C, Feldmann M, Parekh S, Merad M, Gnjatic S",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32511562",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511562"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6309-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.",
            "journal": "Lancet (London, England)",
            "authors": "Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "31986264",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31986264"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6309-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China.",
            "journal": "Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)",
            "authors": "Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang Q, Li T, Liu Z, Wang J, Qin Y, Zhang X, Yan X, Zeng X, Zhang S",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32222466",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32222466"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6309-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Correlation analysis between disease severity and inflammation-related parameters in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study.",
            "journal": "BMC infectious diseases",
            "authors": "Gong Jing, Dong Hui, Xia Qing-Song, Huang Zhao-Yi, Wang Ding-Kun, Zhao Yan, Liu Wen-Hua, Tu Sheng-Hao, Zhang Ming-Min, Wang Qi, Lu Fu-Er",
            "date": "2020-12-21",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "33349241",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/33349241"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6309-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "VEGF-D: a novel biomarker for detection of COVID-19 progression.",
            "journal": "Critical care (London, England)",
            "authors": "Kong Y, Han J, Wu X, Zeng H, Liu J, Zhang H",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32576222",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6309-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6309-1"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "section_stats": [
        {
            "table_id": "biomarker_component",
            "table_stats": [
                {
                    "field": "total",
                    "count": 1
                }
            ],
            "sort_fields": [
                "biomarker",
                "assessed_biomarker_entity_id",
                "assessed_entity_type",
                "assessed_biomarker_entity.recommended_name"
            ]
        },
        {
            "table_id": "citation",
            "table_stats": [
                {
                    "field": "total",
                    "count": 7
                }
            ],
            "sort_fields": [
                "title",
                "journal",
                "authors",
                "date"
            ]
        }
    ]
}