{ "bcoid": "GLY_000422", "title": "SARS-CoV2 Protein Function (UniProtKB)", "description": "The SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCov) Protein Function (UniProtKB) dataset contains biological ...", "filename": "sarscov2_protein_function_uniprotkb.csv", "filetype": "csv", "categories": { "species": "SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV)", "molecule": "Protein", "tags": "Protein Function", "file_type": "csv", "status": "Reviewed", "scope": "internal" }, "minitable": { "content": [ [ "P0DTD2-1...", "protein_xref..." ], [ "P0DTC6-1...", "protein_xref..." ] ], "headers": [ "uniprotkb_ca...", "xref_key..." ], "colwidth": [ "40%", "20%" ] }, "sampledata": { "type": "table", "data": [ [ { "type": "string", "label": "uniprotkb_canonical_ac" }, { "type": "string", "label": "xref_key" }, { "type": "string", "label": "xref_id" }, { "type": "string", "label": "evidence" }, { "type": "string", "label": "annotation" } ], [ "P0DTD2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD2", "", "Plays a role in the inhibition of host innate immune response by targeting the mitochondrial-associated adapter MAVS. Mechanistically, usurps the E3 ligase ITCH to trigger the degradation of MAVS, TRAF3, and TRAF6. In addition, causes mitochondrial elongation by triggering ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of dynamin-like protein 1/DNM1L." ], [ "P0DTC6-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC6", "32979938", "Disrupts cell nuclear import complex formation by tethering karyopherin alpha 2 and karyopherin beta 1 to the membrane. Retention of import factors at the ER/Golgi membrane leads to a loss of transport into the nucleus. Thereby prevents STAT1 nuclear translocation in response to interferon signaling, thus blocking the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that display multiple antiviral activities (PubMed:33097660). Suppresses IFN-beta production possibly by blocking IRF3 nuclear translocation (PubMed:32979938)." ], [ "P0DTC6-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC6", "33097660", "Disrupts cell nuclear import complex formation by tethering karyopherin alpha 2 and karyopherin beta 1 to the membrane. Retention of import factors at the ER/Golgi membrane leads to a loss of transport into the nucleus. Thereby prevents STAT1 nuclear translocation in response to interferon signaling, thus blocking the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that display multiple antiviral activities (PubMed:33097660). Suppresses IFN-beta production possibly by blocking IRF3 nuclear translocation (PubMed:32979938)." ], [ "P0DTC4-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC4", "32891874", "Plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly. Acts as a viroporin and self-assembles in host membranes forming pentameric protein-lipid pores that allow ion transport. Also plays a role in the induction of apoptosis (By similarity). May interfere with tight-junction stability by interacting with host MPP5. This would result in disruption of epithelial barriers, thereby amplifying inflammatory processes (PubMed:32891874)." ], [ "P0DTC7-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC7", "", "Plays a role as antagonist of host tetherin (BST2), disrupting its antiviral effect. Acts by binding to BST2 thereby interfering with its glycosylation. May suppress small interfering RNA (siRNA). May bind to host ITGAL, thereby playing a role in attachment or modulation of leukocytes." ], [ "P0DTD3-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD3", "", "May play a role in host-virus interaction." ], [ "P0DTC5-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC5", "", "Component of the viral envelope that plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly via its interactions with other viral proteins." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "May participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "Multifunctional protein involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNAs. Contains the proteinases responsible for the cleavages of the polyprotein." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "Participates in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "Methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of viral mRNAs. N7-methyl guanosine cap is a prerequisite for binding of nsp16. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation which is essential to evade immune system." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "Enzyme possessing two different activities: an exoribonuclease activity acting on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction and a N7-guanine methyltransferase activity. Acts as a proofreading exoribonuclease for RNA replication, thereby lowering The sensitivity of the virus to RNA mutagens." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32277040", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32358203", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32438371", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32526208", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32680882PubMed:32908316", "Inhibits host translation by interacting with binds to the host 40S subunit in ribosomal complexes, including the 43S pre-initiation complex and the non-translating 80S ribosome (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). The C-terminus binds to and obstructs ribosomal mRNA entry tunnel (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). Thereby inhibits antiviral response triggered by innate immunity or interferons (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32979938). The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation (By similarity). Viral mRNAs less susceptible to nsp1-mediated inhibition of translation, because of their 5'-end leader sequence (PubMed:32908316). By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32680882PubMed:32979938", "Inhibits host translation by interacting with binds to the host 40S subunit in ribosomal complexes, including the 43S pre-initiation complex and the non-translating 80S ribosome (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). The C-terminus binds to and obstructs ribosomal mRNA entry tunnel (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). Thereby inhibits antiviral response triggered by innate immunity or interferons (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32979938). The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation (By similarity). Viral mRNAs less susceptible to nsp1-mediated inhibition of translation, because of their 5'-end leader sequence (PubMed:32908316). By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32908316", "Inhibits host translation by interacting with binds to the host 40S subunit in ribosomal complexes, including the 43S pre-initiation complex and the non-translating 80S ribosome (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). The C-terminus binds to and obstructs ribosomal mRNA entry tunnel (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). Thereby inhibits antiviral response triggered by innate immunity or interferons (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32979938). The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation (By similarity). Viral mRNAs less susceptible to nsp1-mediated inhibition of translation, because of their 5'-end leader sequence (PubMed:32908316). By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32578982", "Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication (By similarity). Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3 (PubMed:32733001). Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling (By similarity). In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates (PubMed:32726803). Cleaves preferentially ISG15 from substrates in vitro (PubMed:32726803). Can play a role in host ADP-ribosylation by binding ADP-ribose (PubMed:32578982)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32726803", "Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication (By similarity). Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3 (PubMed:32733001). Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling (By similarity). In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates (PubMed:32726803). Cleaves preferentially ISG15 from substrates in vitro (PubMed:32726803). Can play a role in host ADP-ribosylation by binding ADP-ribose (PubMed:32578982)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32733001", "Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication (By similarity). Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3 (PubMed:32733001). Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling (By similarity). In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates (PubMed:32726803). Cleaves preferentially ISG15 from substrates in vitro (PubMed:32726803). Can play a role in host ADP-ribosylation by binding ADP-ribose (PubMed:32578982)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32979938", "Multi-functional protein with a zinc-binding domain in N-terminus displaying RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity. Activity of helicase is dependent on magnesium (By similarity). Binds to host TBK1 and inhibits TBK1 phosphorylation; the interaction with TBK1 decreases IRF3 phosphorylation, which leads to reduced IFN-beta production (PubMed:32979938)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "", "Responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA genome." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32979938", "Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic (By similarity). Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes (By similarity). Binds to host TBK1 without affecting TBK1 phosphorylation; the interaction with TBK1 decreases IRF3 phosphorylation, which leads to reduced IFN-beta production (PubMed:32979938)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32277040", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32358203", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32438371", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32526208", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32198291", "Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites (PubMed:32321856). Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP) (By similarity) (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32272481", "Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites (PubMed:32321856). Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP) (By similarity) (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481)." ], [ "P0DTD1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTD1", "32321856", "Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites (PubMed:32321856). Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP) (By similarity) (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481)." ], [ "P0DTC3-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC3", "", "Forms homotetrameric potassium sensitive ion channels (viroporin) and may modulate virus release. Up-regulates expression of fibrinogen subunits FGA, FGB and FGG in host lung epithelial cells. Induces apoptosis in cell culture. Downregulates the type 1 interferon receptor by inducing serine phosphorylation within the IFN alpha-receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) degradation motif and increasing IFNAR1 ubiquitination." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "", "Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "", "mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "32075877", "attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Binding to host NRP1 and NRP2 via C-terminal polybasic sequence enhances virion entry into host cell (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293). This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2 (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270). Uses human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Can be alternatively processed by host furin (PubMed:32362314). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "32142651", "attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Binding to host NRP1 and NRP2 via C-terminal polybasic sequence enhances virion entry into host cell (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293). This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2 (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270). Uses human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Can be alternatively processed by host furin (PubMed:32362314). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "32155444", "attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Binding to host NRP1 and NRP2 via C-terminal polybasic sequence enhances virion entry into host cell (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293). This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2 (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270). Uses human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Can be alternatively processed by host furin (PubMed:32362314). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "32362314", "attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Binding to host NRP1 and NRP2 via C-terminal polybasic sequence enhances virion entry into host cell (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293). This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2 (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270). Uses human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Can be alternatively processed by host furin (PubMed:32362314). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "32817270", "attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Binding to host NRP1 and NRP2 via C-terminal polybasic sequence enhances virion entry into host cell (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293). This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2 (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270). Uses human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Can be alternatively processed by host furin (PubMed:32362314). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "33082293", "attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Binding to host NRP1 and NRP2 via C-terminal polybasic sequence enhances virion entry into host cell (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293). This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2 (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270). Uses human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Can be alternatively processed by host furin (PubMed:32362314). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "33082294", "attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Binding to host NRP1 and NRP2 via C-terminal polybasic sequence enhances virion entry into host cell (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293). This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2 (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270). Uses human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Can be alternatively processed by host furin (PubMed:32362314). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes." ], [ "P0DTC2-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC2", "", "May down-regulate host tetherin (BST2) by lysosomal degradation, thereby counteracting its antiviral activity." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "", "May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "", "May participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "", "Participates in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "", "Multifunctional protein involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNAs. Contains the proteinases responsible for the cleavages of the polyprotein." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "", "Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32277040", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32358203", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32438371", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32526208", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32979938", "Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic (By similarity). Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes (By similarity). Binds to host TBK1 without affecting TBK1 phosphorylation; the interaction with TBK1 decreases IRF3 phosphorylation, which leads to reduced IFN-beta production (PubMed:32979938)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32680882PubMed:32908316", "Inhibits host translation by interacting with binds to the host 40S subunit in ribosomal complexes, including the 43S pre-initiation complex and the non-translating 80S ribosome (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). The C-terminus binds to and obstructs ribosomal mRNA entry tunnel (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). Thereby inhibits antiviral response triggered by innate immunity or interferons (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32979938). The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation (By similarity). Viral mRNAs less susceptible to nsp1-mediated inhibition of translation, because of their 5'-end leader sequence (PubMed:32908316). By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32680882PubMed:32979938", "Inhibits host translation by interacting with binds to the host 40S subunit in ribosomal complexes, including the 43S pre-initiation complex and the non-translating 80S ribosome (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). The C-terminus binds to and obstructs ribosomal mRNA entry tunnel (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). Thereby inhibits antiviral response triggered by innate immunity or interferons (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32979938). The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation (By similarity). Viral mRNAs less susceptible to nsp1-mediated inhibition of translation, because of their 5'-end leader sequence (PubMed:32908316). By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32908316", "Inhibits host translation by interacting with binds to the host 40S subunit in ribosomal complexes, including the 43S pre-initiation complex and the non-translating 80S ribosome (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). The C-terminus binds to and obstructs ribosomal mRNA entry tunnel (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32908316). Thereby inhibits antiviral response triggered by innate immunity or interferons (PubMed:32680882,PubMed:32979938). The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation (By similarity). Viral mRNAs less susceptible to nsp1-mediated inhibition of translation, because of their 5'-end leader sequence (PubMed:32908316). By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32277040", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32358203", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32438371", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32526208", "Plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (PubMed:32358203, PubMed:32277040, PubMed:32438371, PubMed:32526208). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32198291", "Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites (PubMed:32321856). Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP) (By similarity) (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32272481", "Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites (PubMed:32321856). Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP) (By similarity) (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32321856", "Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites (PubMed:32321856). Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP) (By similarity) (PubMed:32198291, PubMed:32272481)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32578982", "Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication (By similarity). Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3 (By similarity) (PubMed:32733001). Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling (By similarity). In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Cleaves preferentially ISG15 from substrates in vitro (PubMed:32726803). Can play a role in host ADP-ribosylation by binding ADP-ribose (PubMed:32578982)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32726803", "Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication (By similarity). Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3 (By similarity) (PubMed:32733001). Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling (By similarity). In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Cleaves preferentially ISG15 from substrates in vitro (PubMed:32726803). Can play a role in host ADP-ribosylation by binding ADP-ribose (PubMed:32578982)." ], [ "P0DTC1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC1", "32733001", "Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication (By similarity). Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3 (By similarity) (PubMed:32733001). Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling (By similarity). In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Cleaves preferentially ISG15 from substrates in vitro (PubMed:32726803). Can play a role in host ADP-ribosylation by binding ADP-ribose (PubMed:32578982)." ], [ "P0DTG1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTG1", "", "May play a role in host modulation." ], [ "P0DTG0-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTG0", "", "May play a role in host modulation." ], [ "P0DTF1-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTF1", "", "May play a role in interferon antiviral system evasion." ], [ "P0DTC9-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC9", "", "Packages the positive strand viral genome RNA into a helical ribonucleocapsid (RNP) and plays a fundamental role during virion assembly through its interactions with the viral genome and membrane protein M. Plays an important role in enhancing the efficiency of subgenomic viral RNA transcription as well as viral replication (By similarity). May modulate transforming growth factor-beta signaling by binding host smad3 (By similarity)." ], [ "P0DTC8-1", "protein_xref_uniprotkb_fun", "P0DTC8", "31986261", "May play a role in modulating host immune response (Probable). May play a role in blocking host IL17 cytokine by its interaction with host IL17RA (PubMed:31986261)." ] ] }, "readme": "Name\n - SARS-CoV2 Protein Function (UniProtKB)\n\nVersion\n - 1.8.25\n\nCreated on\n - 2020-04-03T11:46:41.584409\n\nModified on\n - 2020-04-10T12:25:10.311615\n\nCreated by\n - Jeet Vora [jeetvora@gwu.edu], Rahi Navelkar [rsn13@gwu.edu], Robel Kahsay [rykahsay@gwu.edu]\n\nAuthors\n - Maria Martin [martin@ebi.ac.uk], Preethi Vasudev [pvasudev@ebi.ac.uk]\n\nChecksum\n - \n\nUsability Domain\n - The SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCov) Protein Function (UniProtKB) dataset contains biological function annotation for sarscov2 [taxid:2697049] protein accesions from the UniProtKB database. The dataset is derived from 2020-01 UniProtKB release. If you use this dataset please provide proper attribution to EMBL-EBI-UniProtKB and GlyGen\n\nDescription Domain\n Keywords\n - protein function\n - UniProtKB\n\n Pipeline Steps\n - Step-1: The script loads the UniProtKB function annotations triplestore containing triples from nt file and extracts the data as a csv dataset\n\nExecution Domain\n Scripts - https://github.com/GW-HIVE/glygen-backend-integration/blob/master/pipeline/integrator/make-protein-dataset.py\n\n\n Software Prerequisites\n Name: Python\n Version: 2.7.5\n URI: https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.7.5/\n\nI/O Domain\n Input Subdomain\n Name: uniprot-proteome-sars-cov-2.nt\n URI: https://data.glygen.org/ln2wwwdata/source/uniprot-proteome-sars-cov-2.nt\n Name: sarscov2_protein_masterlist.csv\n URI: https://data.glygen.org/ln2wwwdata/reviewed/sarscov2_protein_masterlist.csv\n Output Subdomain\n Name: sarscov2_protein_function_uniprotkb.csv\n URI: http://data.glygen.org/ln2wwwdata/reviewed/sarscov2_protein_function_uniprotkb.csv\n Name: sarscov2_protein_function_uniprotkb.stat.csv\n URI: http://data.glygen.org/ln2wwwdata/reviewed/sarscov2_protein_function_uniprotkb.stat.csv\n\nFields\n Name: \"src_xref_key\"\n Description: \"Source Xref key\"\n Unique Values: \"1\"\n Name: \"xref_id\"\n Description: \"ID of the X-ref\"\n Unique Values: \"119\"\n Name: \"title\"\n Description: \"Title of the published article in the journal\"\n Unique Values: \"119\"\n Name: \"src_xref_id\"\n Description: \"Source X-ref ID\"\n Unique Values: \"120\"\n Name: \"journal_name\"\n Description: \"The name of the journal in which the article is published\"\n Unique Values: \"49\"\n Name: \"authors\"\n Description: \"NA\"\n Unique Values: \"118\"\n Name: \"publication_date\"\n Description: \"Contains the full date on which the issue of the journal was published. Sourced from MEDLINE/PubMed data element(fields) description.\"\n Unique Values: \"117\"\n Name: \"glytoucan_ac\"\n Description: \"Unique accession assigned to the registered glycan structure in GlyTouCan database\"\n Unique Values: \"115\"\n Name: \"xref_key\"\n Description: \"Source key associated to the xref_id\"\n Unique Values: \"1\"", "downloadurl": "/ln2data/releases/data/v-1.8.25/reviewed/sarscov2_protein_function_uniprotkb.csv" }