{
    "biomarker_id": "AN6718-1",
    "biomarker_canonical_id": "AN6718",
    "condition": {
        "recommended_name": {
            "id": "DOID:0080600",
            "resource": "Disease Ontology",
            "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
            "name": "COVID-19",
            "description": "A Coronavirus infectious disease that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a subtype of Betacoronavirus pandemicum."
        },
        "synonyms": [
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "COVID19",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "COVID-19",
                "description": "A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "coronavirus disease 2019",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectious disease",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019-nCoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "SARS-CoV-2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "SARS-coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "betacoronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            }
        ],
        "id": "DOID:0080600"
    },
    "biomarker_component": [
        {
            "biomarker": "increased IL-1\u03b2 level",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity_id": "P01584-1",
            "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity": {
                "recommended_name": "Interleukin-1 beta",
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "synonym": "Catabolin"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "specimen": [
                {
                    "name": "blood",
                    "namespace": "UBERON",
                    "id": "0000178",
                    "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178",
                    "loinc_code": "82334-4"
                }
            ],
            "evidence_source": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6718-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6718-1"
                },
                {
                    "id": "32576222",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1)."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32511562",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511562",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "COVID-19 is associated with high levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8. IL-6 was one of the most robust prognostic markers of survival. It remained independently associated with severity and predictive of outcome. Furthermore, elevated TNF-a, known to contribute to organ damage, was also a strong predictor of poor outcome."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "31986264",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31986264",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Initial plasma IL1B concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "best_biomarker_role": [
        {
            "role": "monitoring"
        },
        {
            "role": "prognostic"
        }
    ],
    "evidence_source": [
        {
            "id": "AN6718-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6718-1"
        },
        {
            "id": "32576222",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1)."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32511562",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511562",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "COVID-19 is associated with high levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8. IL-6 was one of the most robust prognostic markers of survival. It remained independently associated with severity and predictive of outcome. Furthermore, elevated TNF-a, known to contribute to organ damage, was also a strong predictor of poor outcome."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "31986264",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31986264",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Initial plasma IL1B concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "crossref": [
        {
            "id": "AN6718-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6718-1",
            "categories": [
                "Biomarkers"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "citation": [
        {
            "title": "VEGF-D: a novel biomarker for detection of COVID-19 progression.",
            "journal": "Critical care (London, England)",
            "authors": "Kong Y, Han J, Wu X, Zeng H, Liu J, Zhang H",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32576222",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32576222"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "BB1521-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6718-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "An inflammatory cytokine signature helps predict COVID-19 severity and death.",
            "journal": "medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences",
            "authors": "Del Valle DM, Kim-Schulze S, Hsin-Hui H, Beckmann ND, Nirenberg S, Wang B, Lavin Y, Swartz T, Madduri D, Stock A, Marron T, Xie H, Patel MK, van Oekelen O, Rahman A, Kovatch P, Aberg J, Schadt E, Jagannath S, Mazumdar M, Charney A, Firpo-Betancourt A, Mendu DR, Jhang J, Reich D, Sigel K, Cordon-Cardo C, Feldmann M, Parekh S, Merad M, Gnjatic S",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32511562",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32511562"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6718-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6718-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.",
            "journal": "Lancet (London, England)",
            "authors": "Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "31986264",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31986264"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6718-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6718-1"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "section_stats": [
        {
            "table_id": "biomarker_component",
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                }
            ],
            "sort_fields": [
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                "assessed_biomarker_entity_id",
                "assessed_entity_type",
                "assessed_biomarker_entity.recommended_name"
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        },
        {
            "table_id": "citation",
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}