{
    "biomarker_id": "AN6683-1",
    "biomarker_canonical_id": "AN6683",
    "condition": {
        "recommended_name": {
            "id": "DOID:10534",
            "resource": "Disease Ontology",
            "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:10534",
            "name": "stomach cancer",
            "description": "A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the stomach."
        },
        "synonyms": [
            {
                "id": "DOID:10534",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:10534",
                "name": "gastric cancer",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:10534",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:10534",
                "name": "gastric neoplasm",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "gastric cancer",
                "description": "A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the stomach."
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "gastric neoplasm",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "Ca lesser curvature - stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "GC",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "cancer of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "gastric cancer",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "gastric cancer risk after h. pylori infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "gastric cancer, somatic",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant gastric neoplasm",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant gastric tumor",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant gastric tumour",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant neoplasm of lesser curve of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant neoplasm of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant neoplasm of the stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant stomach neoplasm",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumor of body of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumor of greater curve of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumor of lesser curve of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumor of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumor of the stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumour of body of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumour of greater curve of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumour of lesser curve of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumour of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant tumour of the stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "stomach cancer",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "Ca body - stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "ca greater curvature of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0001056",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001056",
                "name": "malignant neoplasm of body of stomach",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MIM:613659",
                "resource": "MIM",
                "url": "https://www.omim.org/entry/613659",
                "name": "Gastric cancer",
                "description": "Gastric cancer"
            }
        ],
        "id": "DOID:10534"
    },
    "biomarker_component": [
        {
            "biomarker": "increased CD274 level",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity_id": "Q9NZQ7-1",
            "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity": {
                "recommended_name": "Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1",
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "synonym": "B7 homolog 1"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "B7-H1"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "specimen": [
                {
                    "name": "stomach",
                    "namespace": "UBERON",
                    "id": "0000945",
                    "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000945",
                    "loinc_code": ""
                }
            ],
            "evidence_source": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6683-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6683-1"
                },
                {
                    "id": "31981446",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31981446",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Based on our established CTC detection platform, CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood samples collected from 70 patients (38 resectable and 32 unresectable) with GC using magnetic positive selection and a CSV-specific monoclonal antibody, 84-1. CSV+ PD-L1+ CTCs were observed in 50 of 70 (71%) GC patient samples, ranging from 0 to 261 mL-1. A higher number of CSV+ PD-L1+ CTCs were significantly associated with a short survival duration and poor therapeutic response. This study demonstrated that detection of PD-L1+ CTCs using a CSV-enrichment method has promising value as a clinically relevant prognostic marker for GC."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "30925913",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30925913",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "We found that inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNAs increased the levels of PD-L1 in cultured gastric cancer cells and in xenografts. Mechanistically, autophagy inhibition led to the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB, in which NF-kB inhibition or p62/SQSTM1 knockdown attenuated PD-L1 induction by autophagy inhibition. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor tissues of 137 patients with gastric cancer showed that LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 protein levels were positively correlated with PD-L1 (LC3, p < 0.001; p62/SQSTM1, p < 0.05). The expression of PD-L1 was also positively correlated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration (p < 0.001). We discovered that autophagy regulates PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer through the p62/SQSTM1-NF-kB pathway. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy may thus influence the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in gastric cancer."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "best_biomarker_role": [
        {
            "role": "prognostic"
        }
    ],
    "evidence_source": [
        {
            "id": "AN6683-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6683-1"
        },
        {
            "id": "31981446",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31981446",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Based on our established CTC detection platform, CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood samples collected from 70 patients (38 resectable and 32 unresectable) with GC using magnetic positive selection and a CSV-specific monoclonal antibody, 84-1. CSV+ PD-L1+ CTCs were observed in 50 of 70 (71%) GC patient samples, ranging from 0 to 261 mL-1. A higher number of CSV+ PD-L1+ CTCs were significantly associated with a short survival duration and poor therapeutic response. This study demonstrated that detection of PD-L1+ CTCs using a CSV-enrichment method has promising value as a clinically relevant prognostic marker for GC."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "30925913",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30925913",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "We found that inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNAs increased the levels of PD-L1 in cultured gastric cancer cells and in xenografts. Mechanistically, autophagy inhibition led to the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB, in which NF-kB inhibition or p62/SQSTM1 knockdown attenuated PD-L1 induction by autophagy inhibition. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor tissues of 137 patients with gastric cancer showed that LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 protein levels were positively correlated with PD-L1 (LC3, p < 0.001; p62/SQSTM1, p < 0.05). The expression of PD-L1 was also positively correlated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration (p < 0.001). We discovered that autophagy regulates PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer through the p62/SQSTM1-NF-kB pathway. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy may thus influence the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in gastric cancer."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "crossref": [
        {
            "id": "AN6683-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6683-1",
            "categories": [
                "Biomarkers"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "citation": [
        {
            "title": "Prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression on cell-surface vimentin-positive circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer patients.",
            "journal": "Molecular oncology",
            "authors": "Liu M, Wang R, Sun X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yan J, Kong X, Liang S, Liu Q, Zhao T, Ji X, Wang G, Wang F, Wang G, Chen L, Zhang Q, Lv W, Li H, Sun M",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "31981446",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/31981446"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6682-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6683-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Autophagy inhibition enhances PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.",
            "journal": "Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR",
            "authors": "Wang X, Wu WKK, Gao J, Li Z, Dong B, Lin X, Li Y, Li Y, Gong J, Qi C, Peng Z, Yu J, Shen L",
            "date": "2019",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "30925913",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/30925913"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6683-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6683-1"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "section_stats": [
        {
            "table_id": "biomarker_component",
            "table_stats": [
                {
                    "field": "total",
                    "count": 1
                }
            ],
            "sort_fields": [
                "biomarker",
                "assessed_biomarker_entity_id",
                "assessed_entity_type",
                "assessed_biomarker_entity.recommended_name"
            ]
        },
        {
            "table_id": "citation",
            "table_stats": [
                {
                    "field": "total",
                    "count": 2
                }
            ],
            "sort_fields": [
                "title",
                "journal",
                "authors",
                "date"
            ]
        }
    ]
}