{
    "biomarker_id": "AN6557-1",
    "biomarker_canonical_id": "AN6557",
    "condition": {
        "recommended_name": {
            "id": "DOID:3571",
            "resource": "Disease Ontology",
            "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
            "name": "liver cancer",
            "description": "A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver."
        },
        "synonyms": [
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "Ca liver - primary",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "Resectable malignant neoplasm of Liver",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "hepatic cancer",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "hepatic neoplasm",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "malignant hepato-biliary neoplasm",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "malignant neoplasm of liver",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "malignant neoplasm of liver, primary",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "malignant tumor of liver",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "neoplasm of liver",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "non-resectable primary hepatic malignant neoplasm",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "primary liver cancer",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "primary malignant neoplasm of liver",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "resectable malignant neoplasm of the liver",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:3571",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:3571",
                "name": "malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary",
                "description": ""
            }
        ],
        "id": "DOID:3571"
    },
    "biomarker_component": [
        {
            "biomarker": "increased DCP1A level",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity_id": "Q9NPI6-1",
            "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity": {
                "recommended_name": "mRNA-decapping enzyme 1A",
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "synonym": "Smad4-interacting transcriptional co-activator"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Transcription factor SMIF"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "specimen": [
                {
                    "name": "blood",
                    "namespace": "UBERON",
                    "id": "0000178",
                    "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178",
                    "loinc_code": ""
                }
            ],
            "evidence_source": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6557-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
                },
                {
                    "id": "20012107",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20012107",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "A combined analysis of the C3a fragment, AFP and DCP led to a 98% positive identification rate. In addition, the measurable C3a fragment in some HCC patients was not only significantly higher in the year of HCC onset compared to the pre-onset year, but also decreased after treatment."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "17522429",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/17522429",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "DCP was significantly better than total AFP and AFP-L3 in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. All 3 markers had a lower area under the ROC curve and lower sensitivity in the group with high versus that with low risk for HCC. DCP has the best performance characteristics of all 3 serum markers for the diagnosis of HCC. Performance of all 3 biomarkers is lower in patients with high risk for HCC. Each marker had higher levels in patients with HCC compared to cirrhotic controls."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "19362088",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19362088",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "16534867",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16534867",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "18422961",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/18422961",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Levels of DCP, AFP and AFP L-3 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "12717392",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/12717392",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "DCP was more sensitive and specific than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "25382443",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25382443",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Subjects were 1,153 individuals had serum levels of DCP that were measured and clinicopathological features were determined for all subjects. Results showed that the levels of DCP and AFP were significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma group (550 patients, 74.18% with HBV infection) than that in other four groups (P < 0.001). Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicated the optimal cut-off value was 86 mAU/mL for DCP with a sensitivity of 71.50% and specificity of 86.30%. The area under ROC curve was 0.846 for AFP."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "best_biomarker_role": [
        {
            "role": "diagnostic"
        }
    ],
    "evidence_source": [
        {
            "id": "AN6557-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
        },
        {
            "id": "20012107",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20012107",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "A combined analysis of the C3a fragment, AFP and DCP led to a 98% positive identification rate. In addition, the measurable C3a fragment in some HCC patients was not only significantly higher in the year of HCC onset compared to the pre-onset year, but also decreased after treatment."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "17522429",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/17522429",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "DCP was significantly better than total AFP and AFP-L3 in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. All 3 markers had a lower area under the ROC curve and lower sensitivity in the group with high versus that with low risk for HCC. DCP has the best performance characteristics of all 3 serum markers for the diagnosis of HCC. Performance of all 3 biomarkers is lower in patients with high risk for HCC. Each marker had higher levels in patients with HCC compared to cirrhotic controls."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "19362088",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19362088",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "16534867",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16534867",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "18422961",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/18422961",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Levels of DCP, AFP and AFP L-3 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "12717392",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/12717392",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "DCP was more sensitive and specific than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "25382443",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25382443",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Subjects were 1,153 individuals had serum levels of DCP that were measured and clinicopathological features were determined for all subjects. Results showed that the levels of DCP and AFP were significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma group (550 patients, 74.18% with HBV infection) than that in other four groups (P < 0.001). Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicated the optimal cut-off value was 86 mAU/mL for DCP with a sensitivity of 71.50% and specificity of 86.30%. The area under ROC curve was 0.846 for AFP."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "crossref": [
        {
            "id": "AN6557-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1",
            "categories": [
                "Biomarkers"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "citation": [
        {
            "title": "The complement component C3a fragment is a potential biomarker for hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.",
            "journal": "Journal of gastroenterology",
            "authors": "Kanmura S, Uto H, Sato Y, Kumagai K, Sasaki F, Moriuchi A, Oketani M, Ido A, Nagata K, Hayashi K, Stuver SO, Tsubouchi H",
            "date": "2010",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "20012107",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20012107"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6457-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma may impair the performance of biomarkers: a comparison of AFP, DCP, and AFP-L3.",
            "journal": "Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers",
            "authors": "Volk ML, Hernandez JC, Su GL, Lok AS, Marrero JA",
            "date": "2007",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "17522429",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/17522429"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6557-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Alpha-fetoprotein, des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, and lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein in early hepatocellular carcinoma.",
            "journal": "Gastroenterology",
            "authors": "Marrero JA, Feng Z, Wang Y, Nguyen MH, Befeler AS, Roberts LR, Reddy KR, Harnois D, Llovet JM, Normolle D, Dalhgren J, Chia D, Lok AS, Wagner PD, Srivastava S, Schwartz M",
            "date": "2009",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "19362088",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/19362088"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6557-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Serum tumor markers for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.",
            "journal": "World journal of gastroenterology",
            "authors": "Zhou L, Liu J, Luo F",
            "date": "2006",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "16534867",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/16534867"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6557-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin, alpha-fetoprotein and AFP-L3 in patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.",
            "journal": "Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology",
            "authors": "Durazo FA, Blatt LM, Corey WG, Lin JH, Han S, Saab S, Busuttil RW, Tong MJ",
            "date": "2008",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "18422961",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/18422961"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6557-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin can differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from nonmalignant chronic liver disease in american patients.",
            "journal": "Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)",
            "authors": "Marrero JA, Su GL, Wei W, Emick D, Conjeevaram HS, Fontana RJ, Lok AS",
            "date": "2003",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "12717392",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/12717392"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6557-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin for diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in China: A multi-center case-controlled study of 1,153 subjects.",
            "journal": "Bioscience trends",
            "authors": "Song P, Feng X, Inagaki Y, Song T, Zhang K, Wang Z, Zheng S, Ma K, Li Q, Kong D, Wu Q, Zhang T, Zhao X, Hasegawa K, Sugawara Y, Kokudo N, Tang W",
            "date": "2014",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "25382443",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/25382443"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6557-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6557-1"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "section_stats": [
        {
            "table_id": "biomarker_component",
            "table_stats": [
                {
                    "field": "total",
                    "count": 1
                }
            ],
            "sort_fields": [
                "biomarker",
                "assessed_biomarker_entity_id",
                "assessed_entity_type",
                "assessed_biomarker_entity.recommended_name"
            ]
        },
        {
            "table_id": "citation",
            "table_stats": [
                {
                    "field": "total",
                    "count": 7
                }
            ],
            "sort_fields": [
                "title",
                "journal",
                "authors",
                "date"
            ]
        }
    ]
}