{
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    "biomarker_canonical_id": "AN6294",
    "condition": {
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            "name": "COVID-19",
            "description": "A Coronavirus infectious disease that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a subtype of Betacoronavirus pandemicum."
        },
        "synonyms": [
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                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
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                "description": ""
            },
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                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
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            },
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                "name": "COVID19",
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            },
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            },
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            },
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            },
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                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
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                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "coronavirus disease 2019",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectious disease",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
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                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
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                "name": "2019-nCoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "SARS-CoV-2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "SARS-coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "betacoronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "-CoVs",
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                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "-coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            }
        ],
        "id": "DOID:0080600"
    },
    "biomarker_component": [
        {
            "biomarker": "increased SAA1 level",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity_id": "P0DJI8-1",
            "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity": {
                "recommended_name": "Serum amyloid A-1 protein",
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "synonym": "Amyloid fibril protein AA"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "specimen": [
                {
                    "name": "blood",
                    "namespace": "UBERON",
                    "id": "0000178",
                    "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178",
                    "loinc_code": ""
                }
            ],
            "evidence_source": [
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                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6294-2"
                },
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                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Based on the study results, SAA alone or combined with L(SAA/L) could be used as a significant marker to indicate and track inflammation conditions in COVID-19 infected patients. Monitoring dynamic changes of SAA, combined with CT imaging could be a valuable strategy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. SAA and L are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19."
                        }
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                },
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                    "id": "32475810",
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                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "The abnormal increase in serum amyloid protein (SAA) may be used as an auxiliary index for diagnosis and treatment. CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "33735714",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/33735714",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "The serum SAA levels were found to be significantly correlated with impending course of the COVID-19, and may serve as a useful biomarker to monitor the complicated clinical course of the disease."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "best_biomarker_role": [
        {
            "role": "monitoring"
        }
    ],
    "evidence_source": [
        {
            "id": "AN6294-2",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6294-2"
        },
        {
            "id": "32277967",
            "database": "PubMed",
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            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Based on the study results, SAA alone or combined with L(SAA/L) could be used as a significant marker to indicate and track inflammation conditions in COVID-19 infected patients. Monitoring dynamic changes of SAA, combined with CT imaging could be a valuable strategy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. SAA and L are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32475810",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32475810",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "The abnormal increase in serum amyloid protein (SAA) may be used as an auxiliary index for diagnosis and treatment. CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "33735714",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/33735714",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "The serum SAA levels were found to be significantly correlated with impending course of the COVID-19, and may serve as a useful biomarker to monitor the complicated clinical course of the disease."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "crossref": [
        {
            "id": "AN6294-2",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6294-2",
            "categories": [
                "Biomarkers"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "citation": [
        {
            "title": "Serum Amyloid A is a biomarker of severe Coronavirus Disease and poor prognosis.",
            "journal": "The Journal of infection",
            "authors": "Li H, Xiang X, Ren H, Xu L, Zhao L, Chen X, Long H, Wang Q, Wu Q",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32277967",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32277967"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6295-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6294-2"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "The role of biomarkers in diagnosis of COVID-19 - A systematic review.",
            "journal": "Life sciences",
            "authors": "Kermali M, Khalsa RK, Pillai K, Ismail Z, Harky A",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32475810",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32475810"
                }
            ],
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                    "id": "AN6294-2",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6294-2"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Serum Amyloid A Protein as a useful biomarker to predict COVID-19 patients severity and prognosis.",
            "journal": "International immunopharmacology",
            "authors": "Pieri Massimo, Ciotti Marco, Nuccetelli Marzia, Perrone Marco Alfonso, Cali\u00f2 Maria Teresa, Lia Maria Stella, Minieri Marilena, Bernardini Sergio",
            "date": "2021-06",
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                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
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