{
    "biomarker_id": "AN6384-3",
    "biomarker_canonical_id": "AN6384",
    "condition": {
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            "id": "DOID:0080600",
            "resource": "Disease Ontology",
            "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
            "name": "COVID-19",
            "description": "A Coronavirus infectious disease that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a subtype of Betacoronavirus pandemicum."
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            },
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            },
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            },
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            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "beta-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
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                "name": "beta-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
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                "name": "betacoronavirus",
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            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
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            },
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                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
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                "name": "-CoV",
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            },
            {
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                "name": "-CoVs",
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                "description": ""
            }
        ],
        "id": "DOID:0080600"
    },
    "biomarker_component": [
        {
            "biomarker": "increased ALT level",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity_id": "P24298-1",
            "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity": {
                "recommended_name": "Alanine aminotransferase 1",
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "synonym": "Glutamate pyruvate transaminase 1"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "GPT 1"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Glutamic--alanine transaminase 1"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 1"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "specimen": [
                {
                    "name": "blood",
                    "namespace": "UBERON",
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                        " specimen"
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                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Alanine aminotransferase is present at increased level in COVID-19 patients with severe disease and as such may be useful to monitor in patients admitted to the ICU."
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                    "id": "32669866",
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                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Liver enzymes including ALT and AST are useful biomarkers of hepatic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Most liver diseases initially cause mild symptoms, but they must be detected early."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32438331",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32438331",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Liver dysfunction with chronically increased serum Alanine aminotransferase indicates adverse outcome of COVID-19."
                        }
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                },
                {
                    "id": "32234718",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32234718",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Increase in alanine aminotransferase can be used to predict COVID-19 severity."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32171076",
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                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
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                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "32259132",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32259132",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Our findings suggest that level of LDH, CRP, ALT and NEU can be used to predict the result of COVID-19 test."
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "id": "20376881",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20376881",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Increased levels of AST had a higher risk for esophageal cancer."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "best_biomarker_role": [
        {
            "role": "monitoring"
        }
    ],
    "evidence_source": [
        {
            "id": "AN6384-3",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6384-3"
        },
        {
            "id": "32311826",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32311826",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Alanine aminotransferase is present at increased level in COVID-19 patients with severe disease and as such may be useful to monitor in patients admitted to the ICU."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32669866",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32669866",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Liver enzymes including ALT and AST are useful biomarkers of hepatic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Most liver diseases initially cause mild symptoms, but they must be detected early."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32438331",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32438331",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Liver dysfunction with chronically increased serum Alanine aminotransferase indicates adverse outcome of COVID-19."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32234718",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32234718",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Increase in alanine aminotransferase can be used to predict COVID-19 severity."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32171076",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32171076",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32259132",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32259132",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Our findings suggest that level of LDH, CRP, ALT and NEU can be used to predict the result of COVID-19 test."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "20376881",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/20376881",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Increased levels of AST had a higher risk for esophageal cancer."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "32589600",
            "database": "PubMed",
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                "best_biomarker_role",
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            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Many biomarkers have been associated with poor outcomes and represent a candidate for risk stratification models for predicting severe COVID-19 in order to guide clinical care. Among all, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, CRP, PCT, LDH, AST, ALT, D-dimer, cTn represent the most predictive parameters of severe COVID-19"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
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        {
            "id": "AN6384-3",
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            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6384-3",
            "categories": [
                "Biomarkers"
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        }
    ],
    "citation": [
        {
            "title": "COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory.",
            "journal": "International journal of laboratory hematology",
            "authors": "Frater John L, Zini Gina, d'Onofrio Giuseppe, Rogers Heesun J",
            "date": "2020-06",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
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                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6384-3"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Alteration of Liver Biomarkers in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).",
            "journal": "Journal of inflammation research",
            "authors": "Gholizadeh Pourya, Safari Rohollah, Marofi Parham, Zeinalzadeh Elham, Pagliano Pasquale, Ganbarov Khudaverdi, Esposito Silvano, Khodadadi Ehsaneh, Yousefi Mehdi, Samadi Kafil Hossein",
            "date": "2020",
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                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32669866",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32669866"
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                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6384-3"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "Diabetes and metabolic syndrome as risk factors for COVID-19.",
            "journal": "Diabetes & metabolic syndrome",
            "authors": "Marhl M, Grubelnik V, Magdic M, Markovic R",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32438331",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32438331"
                }
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            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6384-3",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
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        },
        {
            "title": "Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study.",
            "journal": "BMJ (Clinical research ed.)",
            "authors": "",
            "date": "2020-03-31",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
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                    "id": "AN6384-3",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6384-3"
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        {
            "title": "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.",
            "journal": "Lancet (London, England)",
            "authors": "Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Tu S, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B",
            "date": "2020",
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                    "id": "AN6384-3",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6384-3"
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        },
        {
            "title": "Laboratory Parameters in Detection of COVID-19 Patients with Positive RT-PCR; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study.",
            "journal": "Archives of academic emergency medicine",
            "authors": "Mardani Rajab, Ahmadi Vasmehjani Abbas, Zali Fatemeh, Gholami Alireza, Mousavi Nasab Seyed Dawood, Kaghazian Hooman, Kaviani Mehdi, Ahmadi Nayebali",
            "date": "2020",
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                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32259132"
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            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6384-3",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6384-3"
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            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "The independent effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and serum aspartate aminotransferase on the alanine aminotransferase ratio in korean men for the risk for esophageal cancer.",
            "journal": "Yonsei medical journal",
            "authors": "Kimm H, Kim S, Jee SH",
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        {
            "title": "Biochemical biomarkers alterations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).",
            "journal": "Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)",
            "authors": "Ciaccio Marcello, Agnello Luisa",
            "date": "2020-11-18",
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