{
    "biomarker_id": "AN6292-1",
    "biomarker_canonical_id": "AN6292",
    "condition": {
        "recommended_name": {
            "id": "DOID:0080600",
            "resource": "Disease Ontology",
            "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
            "name": "COVID-19",
            "description": "A Coronavirus infectious disease that is characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath and that has_material_basis_in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a subtype of Betacoronavirus pandemicum."
        },
        "synonyms": [
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "COVID19",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "DOID:0080600",
                "resource": "Disease Ontology",
                "url": "https://disease-ontology.org/term/DOID:0080600",
                "name": "SARS-CoV-2 infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "COVID-19",
                "description": "A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019-nCoV infection",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "coronavirus disease 2019",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectious disease",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019 novel coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "2019-nCoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "SARS-CoV-2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "SARS-coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "beta-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "betacoronavirus",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoV",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-CoVs",
                "description": ""
            },
            {
                "id": "MONDO:0100096",
                "resource": "MONDO",
                "url": "https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100096",
                "name": "-coronavirus",
                "description": ""
            }
        ],
        "id": "DOID:0080600"
    },
    "biomarker_component": [
        {
            "biomarker": "increased CYP3A4 level",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity_id": "P08684-1",
            "assessed_entity_type": "protein",
            "assessed_biomarker_entity": {
                "recommended_name": "Cytochrome P450 3A4",
                "synonyms": [
                    {
                        "synonym": "Nifedipine oxidase"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Cytochrome P450-PCN1"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "CYPIIIA4"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Cytochrome P450 HLp"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Cytochrome P450 3A3"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Albendazole sulfoxidase"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Cytochrome P450 NF-25"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "CYPIIIA3"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "1.14.14.56"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Quinine 3-monooxygenase"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "1.14.14.55"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming)"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "1.14.14.73"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase"
                    },
                    {
                        "synonym": "Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "specimen": [
                {
                    "name": "blood",
                    "namespace": "UBERON",
                    "id": "0000178",
                    "url": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178",
                    "loinc_code": ""
                }
            ],
            "evidence_source": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6292-1",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6292-1"
                },
                {
                    "id": "32758877",
                    "database": "PubMed",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32758877",
                    "tags": [
                        "assessed_biomarker_entity",
                        " biomarker",
                        " specimen"
                    ],
                    "evidence_list": [
                        {
                            "evidence": "Together with the reported markers of liver injury, such hyperinflammatory state may trigger significant derangements in hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic machinery, and subsequent modulation of drug clearance that may result in unexpected therapeutic/toxic response. We hypothesize that COVID-19 patients are potentially vulnerable to a significant disease-drug interaction, and therefore, suitable dosing guidelines with therapeutic drug monitoring should be implemented to assure optimal clinical outcomes."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "best_biomarker_role": [
        {
            "role": "response"
        }
    ],
    "evidence_source": [
        {
            "id": "AN6292-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6292-1"
        },
        {
            "id": "32758877",
            "database": "PubMed",
            "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32758877",
            "tags": [
                "best_biomarker_role",
                " condition"
            ],
            "evidence_list": [
                {
                    "evidence": "Together with the reported markers of liver injury, such hyperinflammatory state may trigger significant derangements in hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic machinery, and subsequent modulation of drug clearance that may result in unexpected therapeutic/toxic response. We hypothesize that COVID-19 patients are potentially vulnerable to a significant disease-drug interaction, and therefore, suitable dosing guidelines with therapeutic drug monitoring should be implemented to assure optimal clinical outcomes."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "crossref": [
        {
            "id": "AN6292-1",
            "database": "BiomarkerKB",
            "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6292-1",
            "categories": [
                "Biomarkers"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "citation": [
        {
            "title": "Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in COVID-19 patients: Current findings and possible mechanisms.",
            "journal": "Medical hypotheses",
            "authors": "El-Ghiaty MA, Shoieb SM, El-Kadi AOS",
            "date": "2020",
            "reference": [
                {
                    "type": "PubMed",
                    "id": "32758877",
                    "url": "https://glygen.org/publication/PubMed/32758877"
                }
            ],
            "evidence": [
                {
                    "id": "AN6290-3",
                    "database": "BiomarkerKB",
                    "url": "https://biomarkerkb.org/biomarker/AN6292-1"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "section_stats": [
        {
            "table_id": "biomarker_component",
            "table_stats": [
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                    "field": "total",
                    "count": 1
                }
            ],
            "sort_fields": [
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                "assessed_biomarker_entity_id",
                "assessed_entity_type",
                "assessed_biomarker_entity.recommended_name"
            ]
        },
        {
            "table_id": "citation",
            "table_stats": [
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                "journal",
                "authors",
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}